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"Contents: The adaptive system : plasticity and recovery -- Training motor control, increasing strength and fitness, and promoting skill -- Acquisition -- Measurement -- Standing up and sitting down -- Walking -- Reaching and manipulation -- Balance -- Upper motor neuron lesions -- Cerebellar ataxia / written with Phu Hoang -- Somatosensory and perceptual-cognitive impairments -- Stroke / written with Julie Bernhardt -- Traumatic brain injury / written with Anne Moseley and Leanne Hassett -- Parkinson?s disease / written with Colleen Canning -- Multiple sclerosis / written with Phu Hoang."

"Data dari Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (2013) menyebutkan bahwa sekitar 5—10% anak mengalami kelainan dalam perkembangannya, serta sekitar 1—3% anak usia di bawah 5 tahun mengalami kelainan pada lebih dari 1 aspek perkembangan (global developmental delay). Perkembangan motorik yang mengalami keterlambatan memiliki dampak negatif, bukan hanya terkait kompetensi motorik yang buruk, melainkan juga pada risiko keterlambatan di domain perkembangan lainnya beserta gangguan kesehatan yang berpotensi dialami anak di usia mendatang. Penelitian ini berfokus untuk mencari tahu peran pemeriksaan neurologis kepala dalam mendeteksi keterlambatan motorik kasar pada anak usia 6—18 bulan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain cross-sectional di Poliklinik Neurologi Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak, Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo Kiara pada bulan September—Oktober 2023. Sebanyak 80 subjek direkrut secara consecutive sampling. Analisis dilakukan untuk mengetahui indikator diagnostik sensitivitas, spesifisitas, PPV, NPV, dan DOR. Analisis dilakukan pada seluruh sampel dengan inklusi maupun eksklusi faktor risiko. Kemampuan menunjuk menunjukkan analisis hubungan signifikan dari analisis dengan sampel eksklusi faktor risiko. Sementara itu, pada sampel tanpa eksklusi faktor risiko, lingkar kepala, bentuk kepala, dan kemampuan menunjuk memiliki DOR yang signfikan. Rentang indikator diagnostik seluruh pemeriksaan kepala yakni sensitivitas 34—68% (tertinggi pada kemampuan menunjuk); spesifisitas 66,67—96,67% (tertinggi pada kontak visual); PPV 66,67—96,15% (tertinggi pada kontak visual); dan NPV 39,62%—61,90% (tertinggi pada kemampuan menunjuk). Indikator diagnostik pemeriksaan neurologis kepala cukup sebanding dengan alat asesmen keterlambatan motorik kasar lain. Pemeriksaan neurologis kepala, khususnya lingkar kepala, kontak visual, bentuk kepala, dan kemampuan menunjuk, memiliki potensi pemanfaatan sebagai alat deteksi keterlambatan motorik kasar pada anak usia 6—18 bulan.

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According to data sourced from Indonesian Pediatric Society (2013), approximately 5—10% of children experience abnormalities in their development and maturation process. Delay in motoric development not only affects said children’s motor skills, but could potentially risk delay in other developmental domains and make them more susceptible to other health issues in the future. This cross-sectional study was held at the Neurology Clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Kiara Hospital for the period of September to October 2023. Exactly 80 samples were recruited using consecutive sampling according to patient visit. Analyses were done to acquire diagnostic indicators such as sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, dan DOR (CI analyzed through binary logistic regression). Samples were analyzed both including and excluding significant risk factors. Pointing produced significant discriminative strength in the final sample group analysis (excluding samples with significant risk factors). Initial sample analysis (without baseline covariate exclusion) showed significant DOR in head circumference, head shape, and pointing ability examination. Diagnostic indicators including all head neurological assessments showed good result intervals, with sensitivity of 34—68% (highest in pointing test), specificity of 66.67—96.67% (highest in eye contact test), PPV of 66.67—96.15% (highest in eyes contact test), and NPV of 39,62—61,90% (highest in pointing test). Head neurological assessment in pediatric patients, especially evaluations of head circumference, head shape, dan pointing ability, have the potential to be effectively implemented as a tool for detecting gross motor development delay in children 6 to 18 months of age."

"Latar Belakang Anak memiliki lima ranah keterampilan yang perlu dilalui dalam tahap perkembangannya. Dalam pemantauan perkembangan keterampilan anak, perkembangan motorik kasar merupakan ranah keterampilan anak yang dapat diamati secara langsung. Deteksi keterlambatan keterampilan motorik perlu dilakukan agar tata laksana terhadap keterlambatan keterampilan motorik dapat diberikan dengan tepat dan segera. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai peran pemeriksaan neurologis tonus otot dalam mendeteksi keterlambatan motorik kasar bayi usia 6-18 bulan. Metode Desain penelitian ini menggunakan uji diagnostik observasional dengan metode cross-sectional. Sumber data peneitian ini merupakan data primer, yaitu pemeriksaan neurologis tonus otot dan penilaian keterampilan motorik kasar secara langsung di Poliklinik Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak, RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Kiara, Jakarta Pusat pada bulan September–Oktober 2023. Data yang telah diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan tabel 2x2 serta uji bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil Dari 81 subjek, didapatkan sensitivitas terbaik secara berturut-turut adalah lateral propping, traction response, vertical suspension, spasticity, horizontal suspension, scarf sign, resting posture dan popliteal angle, serta hand fisting, dengan sensitivitas secara berturut-turut sebesar 84,31%; 76,47%; 72,55%; 56,86%; 54,90%; 50,98%; 49,02%; 49,02%; dan 39,22%. Adapun spesifisitas terbaik secara berturut-turut adalah resting posture, hand fisting, spasticity, horizontal suspension, dan popliteal angle, vertical suspension, traction response, dan scarf sign, serta lateral propping, dengan spesifisitas secara berturut-turut sebesar 96,67%; 96,67%; 96,67%; 96,67%; 96,67%; 93,33%; 93,33%; 93,33%; dan 90%. Kesimpulan Pemeriksaan lateral propping dan traction response merupakan pemeriksaan neurologis tonus otot yang memiliki hubungan paling signifikan secara statistik dengan perkembangan motorik kasar.

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Introduction Children have five domains of skills that need to be passed in their developmental stages. In monitoring children's skill development, gross motor development is a skill domain that can be observed directly. Detection of motor skill delay needs to be done so that management of motor skill delay can be provided appropriately and immediately. This study discusses the role of neurological examination of muscle tone in detecting gross motor delays in infants aged 6-18 months. Method This research design uses an observational diagnostic test with a cross-sectional method. The source of data for this study is primary data, namely neurological examination of muscle tone and direct gross motor skills assessment at the Polyclinic of the Department of Pediatrics, Cipto Mangunkusumo Kiara National Hospital, Central Jakarta in September–October 2023. The data obtained were then analyzed with 2x2 tables and bivariate and multivariate tests. Results Of the 81 subjects, the best sensitivities were lateral propping, traction response, vertical suspension, spasticity, horizontal suspension, scarf sign, resting posture and popliteal angle, and hand fisting, with sensitivities of 84.31%; 76.47%; 72.55%; 56.86%; 54.90%; 50.98%; 49.02%; 49.02%; and 39.22%, respectively. The best specificities were resting posture, hand fisting, spasticity, horizontal suspension, and popliteal angle, vertical suspension, traction response, and scarf sign, and lateral propping, with specificities of 96.67%; 96.67%; 96.67%; 96.67%; 96.67%; 96.67%; 93.33%; 93.33%; 93.33%; and 90%, respectively. Conclusion The lateral propping and traction response examination is a neurological examination of muscle tone that has the most statistically significant relationship with gross motor development."

"Saat ini penggunaan dari motor induksi sangatlah luas. Untuk dapat bekerja sesuai dengan kebutuhan para penggunannya, peralatan elektronika daya, seperti PWM inverter, digunakan untuk mengendalikan dan memperluas daerah kerja dari motor induksi. Pengendalian motor induksi dengan menggunakan PWM inverter dapat dilakukan dengan mengatur nilai tegangan dan frekuensi masukan pada sisi stator dari motor induksi. Pada skripsi ini, karakteristik dari motor induksi dengan catu PWM inverter disimulasikan dengan menggunakan program SIMULINK dari MATLAB versi 7.1.0.246 (R14). Sebagian besar parameter yang digunakan pada pemodelan dari sistem disesuaikan dengan peralatan TecQuipment NE 7021 AC machine Console yang terdapat pada laboratorium Konversi Energi Listrik. Motor induksi yang digunakan adalah rotor tipe sangkar dan simulasi dilakukan dengan cara memvariasikan nilai frekuensi masukan stator dan juga indeks modulasi, dengan demikian akan didapatkan nilai torsi elektromagnetik dan kecepatan putar rotor dari motor induksi. Dari hasil simulasi tersebut akan dianalisa pengaruh frekuensi dan amplitudo tegangan masukan pada nilai torsi elektromagnetik dan kecepatan putaran rotor.

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Induction motors are broadly used recently. To work according to users requirements, power electronic equipments, like a PWM inverter, are used in controlling and expanding the working range of induction motors. Controlling induction motors using a PWM inverter is done by managing voltages and input frequencies to the induction motors stator.

In this bachelor's thesis, the characteristics of an induction motor fed by a PWM inverter is simulated using SIMULINK programs of MATLAB 7.1.0.246 (R14) version. Most of the parameters used in modeling the system are adjusted using TecQuipment NE 7021 AC machine Console equipment at the Electric Energy Conversion Laboratory. The induction motor is a squirrel cage type and simulation is done by varying stator input frequency values and also modulation indexes, thereby achieving electromagnetic torque values and rotor spin speeds of the induction motor. The results of these simulations will be analyzed to know the influence of input voltage frequency and amplitude on the electromagnetic torque and rotor turn speed values."

"ABSTRACTLeadership is the main factor that leads to a business success in general and automotive workshop business specifically. Previous study stated that there was a relationship between transformational and transactional leadership and employee performance in producing extra effort attitude and effectiveness. This study seeks to investigate this relationship using Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire Form-5X from Bernard Bass. A total of fifty respondents from STAR MOTOR company, comprising of two groups, were used to see the results. Simple regression analyses were used to measure the relationships between the leadership factors and the measured outcomes of extra effort and effectiveness. The results showed transactional leadership style was positively associated with employees? extra effort. Additional analysis between dimensions of transactional leadership and extra effort showed significant relationships between contingent reward and management by exception active with extra effort. Moreover, there is significant relationship between transformational leadership with extra effort. Additional analysis between dimensions of transformational leadership and extra effort showed significant relationships between individual consideration and inspirational motivation with extra effort. The results also showed transactional leadership style was positively associated with employees? effectiveness. Additional analysis between dimensions of transactional leadership and effectiveness showed significant relationships between contingent rewards and management by exception active with effectiveness. Furthermore, there is significant relationship between transformational leadership with effectiveness. Additional analysis between dimensions of transformational leadership and effectiveness showed significant relationship between individual considerations with effectiveness. The result showed transactional is the dominant leadership in STAR MOTOR company. However, laissez-faire is more dominant than transactional leadership."

"Indonesia merupakan negara yang beriklim tropis dan merupakan negara yang dilewati oleh garis khatulistiwa. Temperatur permukaan setiap wilayah Indonesia dapat mencapai 27-37o C. KARLING merupakan kendaraan ramah lingkungan yang mempunyai sumber penggerak dari motor listrik. Kebanyakan motor listrik yang digunakan pada kendaraan listrik merupakan motor BLDC. Indonesia merupakan negara berkembang dimana motor BLDC yang digunakan merupakan produk negara-negara maju. Dengan konstanta temperatur yang menyesuaikan kondisi dari negara pembuat motor BLDC, performa motor BLDC di Indonesia akan terpengaruh terhadap temperatur tropis. Metodologi yang digunakan pada penlitian ini, yaitu melakukan pengujian motor BLDC pada laboratorium dan pada KARLING. Pada laboratorium, temperatur ambient direkayasa mencapai temperatur 55o C dari temperatur normal 23o C, sedangkan pada KARLING temperatur disesuaikan dengan keadaan di pagi hari dengan temperatur ambient 27,7o C dan sore hari dengan temperatur 34,2o C. Kenaikan temperatur motor pada pengujian laboratorium mengakibatkan perubahan paramater motor BLDC. Kenaikan temperatur motor menurunkan arus motor dan torsi motor, akan tetapi semakin tinggi temperatur semakin tinggi kecepatan putaran motor.

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Indonesia is a country with a tropical climate and a country passed by the equator line. Surface temperature each region in Indonesia can reach about 27 37o C. KARLING is a eco friendly vehicle that driving source from elecetric motor. Electric motor mostly used by electric vehicle is BLDC motor. Indonesia is a developing country its means BLDC motor that used is product from developed countries. With the temperature constant that adjusting the condition of country which make BLDC motor, performance of BLDC motor in Indonesia will affected by tropical temperature.

Methodology that used in this reseach, that is do the testing of BLDC motor at laboratory and KARLING. In laboratory, manipulate ambient temperature until reach 55 o C from the normal temperature 23 o C, while at KARLING temperature be adapted with the morning condition which ambient temperature until 27,7o C and the evening condition with temperature 34,2o C. Increase of ambient temperature at laboratory testing affect change of parameter BLDC motor. Increase of ambient temperature lowered motor current and motor torque, however the increase of ambient temperature will increase rotation speed of the motor."