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"Penyebaran Multidrug Resisten Tuberculosis (MDR TB) yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis merupakan perhatian untuk program penaoganan TB. Obat antituberkulosis lini kedua digunakan untuk pengobatan penderita MDR TB. Kami melakukao penelitian tentang Uji kepekaan obat antituberkulosis lini kedua menggunakan media Lowenstein Jensen dibandingkan dengan Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT 960) sistem. Tiga puluh (30) isola!ba!cteri MDR TB di uji dengan oflokasin, amikasin, dan kanamisin menggunakan MGIT 960 dan baslinya dibandingkan dengan metode proporsi pada media Lowenstein Jensen. Dati basil penelitian didapat 27 isolat (90 %) sensitif teihadap ofloksasin , 21 isolat (70 %) sensitif terbadap antikasin dan 26 isolat (86,6 %) sensitif terhadap kanamisin. Dua isolat merupakan Extensively Drugs Resistance (XDR TB). Waktu untuk uji kepekaan dengan MGIT adalab 9 hari sedaogkan dengan metode proporsi 21 hari.

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The emergence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is real threat for TB control program. Second line drogs was using for person who has MDR TB. The objective of this study was to evaluate the proportion method for testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis susceptibility to second line drugs compared to the Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube (MGJT 960 )System. Thirty MDR TB Isolates were tested for susceptibility to ojloxacin, amikasicin, and kanamycin by MGJT 960, and the result were compared to those obtain with proportion method on Lowenstein Jensen media, considered a reference method. Result for ojloxacin were 27 isolate (90 %) sensitive,21 isolate (70 %) sensitive to amikacin and 26 isolate (86,6 %) sensitive to kanamycin. Two Isolate were Extensively Drug resistance (XDR TB)The time required to obtain result was an average of 9 days by the MGIT and 21days by the reference method."

"Tuberkulosis pada balita merupakan bayangan dari tuberkulosis pada orang dewasa hal ini termasuk masalah kesehatan yang sangat berarti bagi balita. Prevalensi TB pada balita masih cukup tinggi demikian pula status gizi kurang dan buruk masih cukup tinggi. Status gizi memiliki peran yang penting dalam hal etiologi dan komplikasi tuberkulosis balita. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh status gizi terhadap kejadian TB paru pada balita di wilayah kerja Dinas Kesehatan Kota Depok tahun 2013-2014. Desain penelitian ini adalah kasus kontrol. Kasus dalam penelitian ini adalah balita yang menderita TB paru sesuai yang tercatat pada register TB-03 dan TB-01 PKM. Kontrol adalah balita yang tidak menderita TB atau tidak mengalami gejala TB serta tidak pernah menderita TB paru yang merupakan tetangga balita penderita TB yang diambil jadi kasus di wilayah kerja Dinkes Depok tahun Januari 2013 sampai Mei 2014. Jumlah kasus sebanyak 74 balita dan kontrol 148 balita. Analisa data menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa balita yang mengalami status gizi pendek memiliki berisiko 2,92 kali untuk sakit TB paru dan balita yang mengalami status gizi sangat pendek memiliki berisiko 4,22 kali untuk sakit TB paru setelah dikontrol dengan variabel perancu. Balita yang mengalami status gizi sangat pendek lebih berisiko untuk sakit TB paru dibandingkan dengan balita yang berstatus gizi pendek. Disarankan untuk Dinas kesehatan dan Puskesmas untuk lebih memperbaiki pencatatan TB dan peningkatan pendidikan kesehatan tentang pencegahan TB dan peningkatan gizi pada balita.

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Tuberculosis on baby under five years is a reflection of tuberculosis for adults and it includes a very significant health problem for them. The prevalence of TB in children is still high likewise the malnutrition status is still high. Nutritional Status has an important role in the etiology and complications of tuberculosis in baby under five years. This study aims to determine the effect of nutritional status on the tuberculosis (TB) in baby under five years in the work area of Health Department, Depok in 2013-2014. The design of this study is a case control. The cases are baby under five years who suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis as appropriate in the register of TB-03 and TB-01 PKM. The control are babies under five years who does not suffer from TB or the babies who never suffer from TB who are as neighbor of the babies under five years who suffer from pulmonary tuberculosis and become cases at work area of Health Department Depok. The number of cases are 74 babies under five years and the number of controls are 148 babies under five years. Analysis of data use multiple logistical regression. The results show that babies under five years who have stunted nutritional status are get 2.92 times to be a risk for pulmonary TB and babies under five years who have a very short get 4.22 times to be a risk for pulmonary tuberculosis after controlling with confounding variable. The babies under five years who have very short nutritional status are more risky for pulmonary TB compared with babies under five years who have stunted nutritional status. This study recommended for Health Department and Community Health Center to further improve the recording of TB and the increased of health education about prevention of tuberculosis (TB) and improvement the nutrition in babies under five years."

"Summary:The authors discuss fundamental questions about the biology, genetics, mechanisms of pathogenicity, mechanisms of resistance, and drug development strategies that are likely to provide important new knowledge about TB and new interventions to prevent and treat this disease"

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Angka kematian penderita TBC selama menjalani pengobatan di Kabupaten Badung selalu melewati target maksimal tingkat kematian TBC di Indonesia. Pada tahun 2023 angka kematian TBC di Kabupaten Badung meningkat menjadi 6,6%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi kematian orang dengan TBC Paru di Kabupaten Badung. Desain penelitian ini adalah kohort retrospektif dengan menggunakan data kasus TBC Paru yang memulai pengobatan tahun 2021-2023 dan telah memiliki hasil akhir pengobatan hingga Mei 2024 dan tercatat pada Sistem Informasi Tuberkulosis. Analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah  analisis deskriptif, survival dengan menggunakan Kaplan Meier, dan multivariat dengan menggunakan cox regression proportional Hazzard. Dari 1.246 orang dengan TBC Paru yang eligible pada penelitian ini terdapat 1.149 orang dengan TBC Paru yang menjadi sampel penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sebanyak    6,7% orang dengan TBC Paru meninggal dengan laju kejadian keseluruhan adalah 11 per 1000 orang bulan dan probabilitas survival sebesar 92,54%. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi kematian orang dengan TBC RO selama masa pengobatan di Indonesia adalah kelompok umur 45-65 (aHR 3,616; 95% CI 2,110-6,195) tahun dan > 65   (aHR 10,892; 95% CI 5,630-21,071), Komorbid HIV (aHR 7,293; 95% CI 4,203-12,655), tidak konversi (HR 17,132; 95% CI 4,674-62,787), TBC RO ( aHR 10,921; 95%CI 1,458-81,774), waktu inisiasi pengobatan >7 hari (aHR 1,944; 95% CI 1,148-3,291) dan kepatuhan pengobatan (HR 3,546; 95% CI 1,895-6,634). Diperlukan peningkatan tatalaksana pengobatan TBC Paru dan skrining kesehatan pada kelompok lansia dan pasien yang memiliki komorbid HIV dan orang dengan TBC Resisten Obat serta media informasi yang meningkatkan kewaspadaan masyarakat yang terinfeksi TBC Paru tidak terlambat melakukan pengobatan.

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The mortality rate for TB sufferers while undergoing treatment in Badung Regency always exceeds the maximum target for TB death rates in Indonesia. TB death rate in Badung Regency increased again to 6.6%. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of factors that influence the death of pulmonary TB patients in Badung Regency. The design of this study is a retrospective cohort using data on pulmonary TB cases who started treatment in 2021-2023 and had final treatment results until May 2024 and were recorded in the Tuberculosis Information System. The analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis, survival using Kaplan Meier, and multivariate using Cox proportional Hazard regression. Of the 1,246 eligible patients in this study, 1,149 patients were included in the research sample. The results of this study showed that 6.7% of patients died with an overall incidence rate of 11 per 1000 person months and a cumulative probability of survival of 92.54%. Multivariate analysis shows that the factors that influence the death of RO TB patients during the treatment period in Indonesia are the age group 45-65 (aHR 3.616; 95% CI 2.110-6.195) years and > 65 (aHR 10.892; 95% CI 5.630-21.071), Comorbid HIV (aHR 7.293; 95% CI 4.203-12.655), not converted (HR 17.132; 95% CI 4.674-62.787), TB RO (aHR 10.921; 95%CI 1.458-81.774), treatment initiation time >7 days (aHR 1.944; 95% CI 1.148-3.291) and treatment adherence (HR 3.546; 95% CI 1.895-6.634). It is necessary to improve the management of pulmonary TB treatment and health screening in the elderly group and patients who have comorbid HIV and people with drug-resistant TB as well as information media that increase the awareness of people infected with pulmonary TB so that it is not too late to undergo treatment.

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"Tuberculosis is one of 6 fatal infectious diseases in the world, and causes three million deaths annually. Tuberculosis (TB) is a pulmonary and systemic disease caused by My-cobacterium tuberculosis. TB classification consists of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB. TB stimulates both the specific and non-specific immune systems. Disseminated tuberculosis is military lung TB with several extra-pulmonary organ manifestations. The main management for multi-organ TB is the administration of anti-tuberculosis drugs. In pleural effusion due to lung TB, corticosteroid may reduce systemic and local reactions to tuberculoprotein, reduce pleural exudate secretion and fibrosis, as well as reduce deformity of the chest wall and scoliosis that can inflict children.We report a case of a 25 year-old woman who came with a chief complaint of progressive breathing difficulty since 2 days prior to admission. Since } year prior to admission, the patient's abdomen became bloated and there was edema in her legs. Her lost her appetite and weight, and suffered from a mild fever. The patient had a cough with thick whitish sputum. The patient had not menstruated for 7 months. She had a history of liver disease.Physical examination results were as follows: the patient was moderately ill, fully conscious, and had malnutrition. She weighed 37 kg and was 149 tall. Her blood pressure was 100/70 mm Hg, her pulse rate 84 times/minute, her body temperature 37" Celsius, and her respiration rate 18 times per minute. Her conjunctiva were pale. Her right supra-clavicular and mandibular lymph nodes had a diameter of 2 cm, were resilient, mobile, not tender, and had smooth surfaces. Her lung sounds demonstrated weakened vesicular sounds in her left lung, with loud rales in both lungs. Her abdomen was enlarged, distended to 92 cm, with venectations. Her liver and spleen could not be assessed. There was undulation and normal bowel sounds. Her extremities were warm and edematous. Her left inguinal lymph node was enlarged to 1 cm, resilient, well-defined, mobile, and not tender. Her left inguinal lymph node was 5 mm in diameter.Her laboratory results were as follows: Hemoglobin level 9.0 g/dl, Hematocryte level 27 vol%, erythrocyte count 3.66 juta/ul, and leukocyte count 14.500/ul. Her chest x-ray demonstrated milliary tuberculosis. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a congestive liver, exudative peritonitis, and a mass in the spleen. Ascites fluid aspiration revealed exudate fluid. Pathological cytology revealed chronic granulomatous inflammation, with the possibility ofTB, and no signs of malignant cells. Ascites fluid microbiological culture turned out negative. During the first echocardiography, no pericardia! effusion was found, and the ejection fraction was 61%. During the second echocardiography, there was thickening of the walls, and pericardial effusion. Catheterization was attempted, but failed due to cyanosis. Electrocardiography demonstrated low voltage at nodes 1, II, aVR, aVL, aVF. The patient was consulted to the retina subdivision, and no tubercle was found.Problem: disseminated TB with pericarditis, ascites due to exudative peritonitis, anemia, malnutrition, and secondary amenorrhea. The patient's condition improved under treatment ofRHZE 300/300/1000/750mg, 3x1 tablet ofB complex vitamins, 3x10 mg ofprednison, 1x100 mg ofaldactone, and 1x1 tablet of provera. Her difficulty breathing alleviated, her waist diameter was reduced to 76 cm."

"Infection, especially extra pulmonary tuberculosis. remain the leading cause of fever of unknown origin (FUO). FUO is defined as temperature higher than 38.3 ?C with duration of fever of more than 3 weeks. We reported a case of liver tuberculosis, whose had fever more than 38.3 ?C in 2 months. A liver biopsy and histology evaluation have performed revealing liver tuberculosis. The patient received oral anti-tuberculosis agents. But after three days of anti-tuberculosis treatment, the patient experience jaundice. The patient was diagnosed as a drug induced hepatitis. Ajier adjusted regimen of ora! anti-tuberculosis, the patient condition improved. The patient was back home with good conditions."