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"Skripsi ini memberikan penjelasan yang komprehensif mengenai bagaimana peraturan yang diatur dalam International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families mengenai pekerja migran di suatu negara, dan memberikan penjelasan bagaimana pengaturan tenaga kerja asing berdasarkan ketentuan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia (UU Ketenagakerjaan), berikut dengan penerapan dari kedua instrumen tersebut terhadap studi beberapa kasus tenaga kerja asing yang terjadi di Indonesia. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini, Penulis melakukan studi literatur dan wawancara ke beberapa pihak diantaranya yaitu Kementrian Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi, dan Kantor Imigrasi. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families belum diimplementasikan secara maksimal dalam ketentuan mengenai ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia (UU Ketenagakerjaan). Hal ini dikarenakan masih ada beberapa isi Konvensi yang belum diterapkan, dan belum dilakukan pengawasan terhadap penerapannya. Oleh karena itu diperlukan kajian lebih lanjut mengenai implementasi Konvensi dalam UU Ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia.

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This mini-thesis is to give a comprehensive explanation on how the rules set out in the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families in the country, and provides information about how foreign workers is set up based on statutory provisions that apply in Indonesia (Law of Workers), as well as the application of both instruments on studying of foreign worker cases that happens in Indonesia. In conducting this research, the author do some literature review and interviews were held with representatives from the Indonesian Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration, and Immigration Office.

The results of the study have shown that International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families has not been implemented to the statutory provisions of employment in Indonesia (Law of workers). This is because there are still some of the Convention that have not implemented, and has not performed oversight of its implementation. The results recommend in-depth review is needed to make sure that the Convention is well- implemented on Law of Workers Indonesia."

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ASEAN merupakan organisasi regional yang mempunyai kerja sama di bidang ekonomi, politik dan keamanan serta sosial budaya. Salah satu fokus utama dalam kerja sama sosial budaya adalah pada bidang ketenagakerjaan khususnya permasalahan pekerja migran. Negara di kawasan Asia Tenggara menyadari bahwa permasalahan migrasi tenaga kerja merupakan salah satu prioritas yang harus segara ditangani sebelum integrasi ASEAN dapat diwujudkan. Komitmen tersebut diwujudkan dengan adanya Declaration on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers yang diikuti dengan adanya ASEAN Consensus on Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Migrant Workers sebagai instrumen perlindungan pekerja migran di ASEAN. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana proses pembentukan ASEAN Consensus on Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif analisis wacana yang berkaitan dengan perspektif konstruktivisme. Analisis wacana digunakan untuk menelaah perkembangan wacana perlindungan pekerja migran di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Dengan menggunakan perspektif konstruktivisme, maka penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ASEAN Consensus on Protection dan Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers sebagai instrumen perlindungan pekerja migran di Asia Tenggara dihasilkan melalui sebuah proses sosialisasi norma oleh norm entrepreneur yang melewati tahapan norm translation. Dengan demikian, pembentukan instrumen perlindungan pekerja migran di ASEAN mempunyai keterkaitan dengan dinamika wacana perlindungan hak asasi manusia pada level global.

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ASEAN is a regional organization that has cooperation in the fields of economy, politics and security and socio-culture. One of the main focuses in socio-cultural cooperation is in the field of employment, especially the problem of migrant workers. ASEAN member states realize that the problem of labor migration is one of the priorities that must be immediately addressed before ASEAN integration can be realized. This commitment is manifested by the Declaration of Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers, followed by the ASEAN Consensus on Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers as an instrument for the protection of migrant workers in ASEAN. This study aims to analyze how the process of establishing the ASEAN Consensuson Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers uses a qualitative approach to discourse analysis related to the perspective of constructivism. Discourse analysis is used to examine the development of discourse on the protection of migrant workers in the Southeast Asia region. By using a constructivism perspective, this study shows that the ASEAN Consensus on Protection and Promotion of Rights of Migrant Workers as an instrument of protection for migrant workers in Southeast Asia is produced through a normalization process by entrepreneur norms that go through the norm translation stage. Thus, the establishment of instruments for the protection of migrant workers in ASEAN has to do with the dynamics of the discourse on the protection of human rights at the global level.

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"Pandemi COVID-19 berpengaruh terhadap kondisi ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia. Isu kesehatan masyarakat kemudian menjadi prioritas utama pemerintah dalam pengambilan kebijakan dibidang ketenagakerjaan. Calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia (CPMI) juga terkena dampak pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Implementasi Kebijakan Perlindungan Pra Penempatan Calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia (CPMI) Pasca Masa Pandemi COVID-19 (Studi Kasus UPT BP2MI DKI Jakarta). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, dan pengumpulan dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia program perlindungan pra penempatan calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia CPMI telah dilaksanakan secara maksimal oleh UPT BP2MI dengan memprioritaskan kesehatan pekerja migran pada masa pandemi ataupun pasca pandemi, serta mengimplementasikan kebijakan pelindungan yang diambil oleh Pemerintah Indonesia pada saat pandemi COVID-19. Adapun faktor yang menjadi hambatan atau kendala dalam pelaksanaan perlindungan pasca penempatan buruh Migran Indonesia yaitu kurangnya sosialisasi dari perangkat yang terkait serta peraturan yang tidak konsisten, sehingga mengakibatkan kurang maksimalnya pelaksanaan kebijakan terkait pra penempatan calon pekerja migran. Pandemi COVID-19 ini telah memberi pelajaran bagi pemerintah Indonesia untuk membuat kebijakan pelindungan kepada CPMI yang bersifat fleksibel dan sesuai dengan isu termutakhir.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has affected labour conditions in Indonesia. Public health issues then become the government's top priority in making policies in the labour sector. Prospective Indonesian Migrant Workers (CPMI) are also affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the Implementation of Pre-placement Protection Policies for Prospective Indonesian Migrant Workers (CPMI) after the COVID-19 Pandemic (Case Study of UPT BP2MI DKI Jakarta). This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, and document collection. The results showed that the implementation of the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers pre-placement protection programme for prospective Indonesian Migrant Workers CPMI has been implemented optimally by UPT BP2MI by prioritising the health of migrant workers during the pandemic or post-pandemic, and implementing protection policies taken by the Government of Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic.The factors that become obstacles or constraints in the implementation of post-placement protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers are the lack of socialisation from related devices and inconsistent changes in regulations that in turn resulting in less than optimal implementation of policies related to pre-placement of prospective migrant workers. The COVID-19 pandemic has provided lessons for the Indonesian government to make protection policies for CPMI that are flexible and in accordance with the latest issues."

"Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Indramayu dan Kota Hongkong, bekerjasama dengan organisasi yang berfokus pada perlindungan pekerja migran yaitu Serikat Buruh Migran Indonesia (SBMI). Pendekatan pada penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Informan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 19 orang terdiri dari 14 orang informan utama yaitu PMI Perempuan dan 5 informan pendukung yaitu perwakilan dari SBMI, P3MI, dan Lembaga Christian Action. Informan kunci pada penelitian ini diantaranya 2 orang PMI Perempuan Pra Penempatan, 5 Orang PMI Perempuan Masa Penempatan, dan 7 orang PMI Perempuan Purna Penempatan. Semua PMI perempuan dalam penelitian ini memiliki karakteristik dan permasalahan berbeda satu sama lainnya. Penelitian ini menggambarkan bagaimana mekanisme perlindungan sosial bagi PMI Perempuan baik di level mikro, meso, dan makro. Penelitian ini juga melihat adanya dinamika sistem perlindungan sosial bagi PMI Perempuan di ketiga level tersebut terutama celah ketidakcukupan cakupan perlindungan sosial di level makro dan meso. Di level mikro, skema perlindungan sosial merupakan skema informal yang mengedepankan asas gotong royong yang berfungsi untuk menutupi celah katidakcukupan cakupan perlindungan sosial di level makro-mesol. Ketika PMI Perempuan bersentuhan dengan mekanisme perlindungan sosial dan dinamika sistem perlindungan sosial di level mikro, meso, dan makro, maka mereka bisa memaknai perlindungan sosial tersebut sesuai dengan pengalaman masing-masing.

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This study conducted in Indramayu Regency and Hongkong City in partnership with an organisation which focused to the protection againts migrant workers rights known as Serikat Buruh Migran Indonesia (SBMI). This study uses qualitative descriptive approach. The number of informants of this study are 19 persons comprise 14 key informants are women migrant workers and 5 supporting informants are the represetative from SBMI, P3MI, and Christian Action respectively. Key informants are included among others 2 person of pre-placement women migrant workers, 5 persons woman migrant workers, and 7 persons post-placement woman migrant workers. All these women migrant workers have their own characteristic and have its problem differently. This study describe the social protection mechanism for Indonesian Women Migrant Workers (hereinafter referred as IWMW) at the micro, mezzo, and macro level. It also highlights the dynamic social protection system at all levels in particular the gap caused by the insufficient social protection coverage at the macro and mezzo level. The social protection scheme on micro level is informal scheme upholds the mutual cooperation principle to fill this gap. The IWMW could define the social protection based upon their respective experience the moment they come in contact with the social protection mechanism and dynamic system at the micro, mezzo, and macro level."

"This study aims to describe and analyze the development of the harmonization of international conventions of migrant workers rights with the Indonesian Migrant Workers Act and to examine the process of adopting the substance of international conventions on the protection of migrant workers' rights into the Indonesian Migrant Workers Act. This study uses legal normative research method by reviewing principles, concepts of law and related legislations and regulations. The results of this study shows that: harmonization of international conventions on the protection of migrant workers' rights into Law No. 18 of 2017 is carried out through a transformation that refers to the position of international conventions in Indonesian national law; and the substance of international conventions to protect the rights of migrant workers is adopted through two processes which are a political process of discussion of Amendment of Law No. 39 of 2004 to become Law No. 18 of 2017 by the House of Representatives of Republic of Indonesia and civil society organizations and a legal processof referring Law No. 6 of 2012 in Amendment to Law No. 39 of 2004 to become Law No. 18 of 2017 version of May 2016 and identifying seven findings to compare the Law No. 18 of 2017 and the ratification law of the Convention."

"Ketahanan keluarga yang kuat adalah aspek penting dalam rangka mengantisipasi datangnya ancaman atas terpenuhinya kebutuhan pokok sebuah keluarga. Kesanggupan sebuah keluarga untuk dapat mencukupi kebutuhan primer keluarganya juga disebut sebagai ketahanan keluarga. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengidentifikasi kondisi ketahanan ekonomi keluarga PMI yang telah dipulangkan pada mengidentifikasi PMI yang terakomodir mengikuti program pemberdayaan, dan mengidentifikasi implikasi program pemberdayaan terhadap ketahanan ekonomi keluarga PMI. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan wawancara sebagai instrument utama. Informan terdiri dari perwakilan BP2MI (2) dan PMI purna yang berasal dari Kabupaten Karawang (7). Teori dan konsep yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori ketahanan ekonomi keluarga, teori pemberdayaan masyarakat, ketahanan nasional dan konsep ketahanan keluarga. Penelitian ini menganalisis kondisi ketahanan ekonomi keluarga PMI setelah terakomodir mengikuti program pemberdayaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ketahanan ekonomi PMI setelah mengikuti program pemberdayaan belum optimal.  Hal ini diukur dengan salah satu indikator ketahanan keluarga yang dirilis KemenPPA 2016. Strategi terhadap ketahanan keluarga PMI yang dicanangkan oleh pemerintah harus memberikan dampak konkrit kepada PMI yang dipulangkan ke Indonesia.

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Strong family resilience is an important aspect in anticipating threats to the fulfillment of a families basic needs. The ability of a family to be able to provide for the primary needs of the family is also referred to as family resilience. The aim of the research is to identify the condition of the economic resilience of PMI families who have been sent home to identify PMI who are accommodated in empowerment programs  for the economic resilience of PMI families. This study uses a qualitative approach with informants consisted of BP2MI representatives (2) and full-time PMI is from Karawang Regency (7). The theories and concepts used in this study are the theory of family economic resilience, community empowerments theory, national resilience and the concept of family resilience. This study analyzes the condition of the PMI family’s economic resilience after being accommodated in the empowerment program. The results showed that PMI’s economic resilience after participating in the program was not optimal. This is measured by one of the family resilience indicator released by KemenPPA 2016. The strategy for PMI family resilience proclaimed by the government must have a concret impact on PMI who are repatriated to Indonesia."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai implementasi atas International Convention on the Protection of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families Tahun 1990 oleh Indonesia dalam rangka perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia di luar negeri. Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara yang memiliki jumlah pekerja migran membutuhkan suatu mekanisme perlindungan yang dapat menjamin nasib para pekerja migrannya di luar negeri yang rentan terhadap pelanggaran hak-hak dasar mereka. International Convention on the Protection of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families merupakan sebuah instrumen hukum internasional yang disahkan untuk menyediakan perlindungan atas hak-hak dasar seluruh pekerja migran di dunia. Komitmen Indonesia untuk terikat dengan perjanjian internasional ini diharapkan mampu mengatasi permasalahan yang terjadi terhadap pekerja migrannya di negara-negara tujuan pekerja migran untuk bekerja. Indonesia harus melakukan perubahan pada kerangka hukum perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia dan mereformasi praktik perlindungannya untuk memastikan agar hak-hak para Tenaga Kerja Indonesia dapat terjamin.

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This final paper discusses about the implementation of 1990 International Convention on the Protection of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families by Indonesia regarding the protection of the Indonesian migrant workers overseas. Indonesia, as one of the countries who has the largest number of its migrant workers, needs a protection mechanism to ensure the life of its migrant workers’ who are highly susceptible to the violation of their rights. 1990 International Convention on the Protection of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families is one of the existing international law instrument which was formed to provide protection to the migrant workers’ rights. Indonesia’s commitment to be bound by the treaty is expected to overcome the problems that happened in their working destination states. Indonesia must conduct a change in its regulation concerning the protection of Indonesian migrant workers and reform the protection practice to ensure its migrant workers’ life."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh rezim buruh migran di Taiwan terhadap upaya pemerintah Indonesia dalam mendorong kenaikan upah pekerja migran Indonesia (PMI) domestik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan melakukan studi literatur dan wawancara mendalam untuk memperoleh data empiris dari studi kasus yang diangkat. Berdasarkan Chia-Wen Lu (2011), konsep rezim buruh migran mengacu pada kontrol terhadap populasi pekerja migran yang memiliki karakteristik tidak sama di berbagai negara tujuan pekerja migran. Rezim buruh migran di Taiwan menurut Lu memiliki karakteristik tidak transparan dan mengisolasi pekerja migran domestik dari hak-hak politik mereka dalam memengaruhi kebijakan. Oleh karena itu, peranan pemerintah Indonesia menjadi penting dalam mengadvokasikan kepentingan PMI domestik di Taiwan. Mengingat kondisi PMI domestik di Taiwan bekerja dalam kondisi yang eksploitatif, ketika upah yang mereka terima relatif tidak setimpal dengan panjang dan intensitas jam kerja yang dijalani. Hasil penelitian ini mengonfirmasi bahwa karakteristik rezim buruh migran di Taiwan telah memengaruhi upaya pemerintah Indonesia dalam proses negosiasi kenaikan upah minimum bagi PMI domestik. Selain itu, penelitian ini menemukan faktor lain di luar kerangka analisis Lu (2011) yaitu bahwa meskipun pemerintah Indonesia memiliki bargaining power untuk mengusulkan kenaikan upah minimum PMI domestik kepada otoritas Taiwan, dalam prosesnya terdapat hambatan untuk mencapai kesepakatan dalam waktu singkat. Hal ini terkait dengan karakteristik rezim buruh migran di Taiwan yang lebih mengutamakan kepentingan atau kondisi pemberi kerja atau majikan ketimbang pada pekerja migran. Hal ini yang menyebabkan proses negosiasi kenaikan upah minimum antara pemerintah Indonesia dan otoritas Taiwan, memakan waktu cukup lama hingga mencapai kesepakatan resmi. Hasil proses resmi tersebut pun masih tergantung pada itikad baik pemberi kerja di Tawan untuk mematuhinya.

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This research analyzes the influence of the labour migrant regime in Taiwan on the Indonesian government’s efforts to enforce a wage increase for Indonesian domestic migrant workers. This research uses a qualitative method by conducting literature studies and in-depth interviews to obtain empirical data. According to Chia-Wen Lu (2011), the labour migrant regime is the state’s control over the migrant worker population. Hence, each country has its own characteristic of control. For instance, the characteristics of the labour migrant regime in Taiwan are non-transparency and isolates domestic migrant workers from their political rights to influence a policy-making process. Due to the exploitative conditions, when the wage received is not worth the working hours they took. Therefore, the role of the Indonesian government is essential to advocate the needs of Indonesian domestic migrant workers in Taiwan. The findings in this study confirm the characteristics of the labour migrant regime in Taiwan affect the Indonesian government’s effort to increase the minimum wage of Indonesian migrant domestic workers. In addition, this study found other factors aside from Lu’s analytical framework. It discovered the characteristics of the labour migrant regime in Taiwan prioritize the interests of employers. Therefore, although the Indonesian government has the bargaining power to propose an increase in the minimum wage, there are obstacles to reaching an agreement immediately. This is related to the characteristics of the labour migrant regime in Taiwan, which prioritizes the interests or conditions of employers or employers instead of migrant workers. This characteristic caused the negotiation process for the minimum wage increase between the Indonesian government and the Taiwanese authorities to take a long time to reach an official agreement. The results of the official process also depend on the goodwill of employers in Taiwan to comply."