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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji seberapa cepat penyesuaian (speed of adjustment) perusahaan-perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia terhadap leverage dan pengaruh dari karakteristik perusahaan dan kondisi makroekonomi terhadap leverage dengan menggunakan metode multiple regression. Periode penelitian dari Januari 2003 ? Desember 2010. Hasil pengujian hipotesis dengan uji t-test menyimpulkan hanya variabel growth opportunity berpengaruh signifikan terhadap leverage. Variabel tangibility, profitability, firm size, risk, inflasi, dan growth gross domestic product tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap leverage. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan-perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia mempunyai speed of adjustment yang cepat untuk mencapai target leverage-nya yaitu selama 1.6045 triwulan.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the speed of adjustment on manufacturing companies in Indonesia towards the leverage and influence of firm characteristics and macroeconomic conditions to the leverage, using multiple regression. The period of this study from January, 2003 to December, 2010. Result of the t-test hypothesis testing, that only growth opportunity has significant effect to leverage. Tangibility, profitability, firm size, risk, inflation, and the growth of Gross Domestic Product are not effect significantly to leverage. The results also showed that the manufacturing company in Indonesia has high levels of the speed of adjustmentis 1.6045 period."

"Perusahaan menggunakan pendanaan eksternal melalui utang dan ekuitas pada saat perusahaan tidak dapat membiayai aktivitas operasional dan investasinya dengan hanya menggunakan pendanaan internal. Pecking order theory menyebutkan bahwa pemilihan struktur permodalan perusahaan akan berdasarkan pada rendahnya asymmetric information cost dimana perusahaan menggunakan pendanaan internal sebelum mencari pendanaan eksternal. Namun, dalam trade-off theory, perusahaan akan menggunakan leverage karena adanya tax deductible sehingga perusahaan akan meningkatkan debt ratio untuk meningkatkan corporate value. Semua perusahaan akan menyesuaikan tingkat leverage ke level optimal dimana penyesuaian ini akan memiliki transaction costs. Faulkender, dan Flannery et al., (2012) menginvestigasi faktor yang mempengaruhi speed of adjustment dari leverage. 53% perusahaan di Indonesia termasuk perusahaan Underleveraged dimana memiliki tingkat leverage yang lebih rendah dibandingkan targetnya. perusahaan Underleveraged akan memiliki financial distress risk yang lebih rendah sehingga mereka akan menerbitkan utang baru untuk menyesuaikan tingkat leverage ke level optimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel statis dan panel dinamis untuk menentukan determinan dari leverage yang akan mempengaruhi speed of adjustment untuk perusahaan Overleveraged dan Underleveraged di perusahaan non-finansial di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa keputusan leverage lebih baik dijelaskan menggunakan pecking order theory dan perusahaan Underleveraged memiliki speed of adjustment lebih cepat dibandingkan perusahaan Overleveraged.

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Firms use external funding through debt and equity when firms cannot pay operating activities and investment with just internal funding. Under pecking order theory, firms’ capital structure decisions are based on lower asymmetric information cost that firms would use internal funding before seeking external funding. However, under trade-off theory, firms would use leverage as interest paid by corporate is a tax deductible so increasing debt ratio would raise corporate value. All firms would adjust leverage to its optimal level that leverage adjustment would have transaction costs. Faulkender, Flannery et al. (2012) investigated factors that affect leverage speed of adjustment that transaction cost would impact firms. Firms will adjust their leverage level based on firm characteristics before managers will be sure to raise or lower their leverage level so that they could have an optimal capital structure with lower cost. 53% firms in Indonesia are Underleveraged that they have lower leverage than its target. Underleveraged firms would have lower financial distress risk so they would issue new debt to adjust leverage to its optimal level. This study utilizes panel data techniques and system GMM to find determinant of leverage and interest rate that will impact speed of leverage adjustment of Overleveraged and Underleveraged non-financial firms listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange. Coefficient sign and significance of this study finds that capital structure decisions of Overleveraged and Underleveraged are both better explained by pecking order theory and Underleveraged firms will adjust leverage faster than Overleveraged firms"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik perusahaan berupa ukuran perusahaan, cash flow, dividend payout ratio, leverage, net working capital, market to book ratio terhadap tingkat cash holdings perusahaan. Peneliti juga ingin mengetahui bagaimana tingkat speed of adjustment bagi perusahaan dengan tingkat actual cash yang lebih rendah maupun lebih tinggi dibandingkan target cash holdings-nya. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap perusahaan non-finansial yang terdaftar di BEI selama periode 2010 - 2019. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Pooled Least Square (PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran perusahaan, leverage, capital expenditure, net working capital dan MTB memiliki pengaruh yang negative terhadap cash holdings. Sedangkan variabel cash flow dan dividend payout ratio berpengaruh secara positif terhadap cash holdings perusahaan. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan dengan cash holdings yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan target cash holdings-nya memiliki speed of adjustment yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan perusahaan dengan cash holdings yang lebih rendah dibandingkan target cash holdings-nya.

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Cash holdings is defined as firm’s liquid asset that can be used to finance their investment activities or it can be distributed to shareholders as dividend. According to pecking order theory, to minimize asymmetric information cost and other financing cost, firms will finance their investment activities first from their internal financing then with safe debt and risky debt, and finally with equity. A firm needs cash to finance their operating activities such as paying wages or paying taxes. Cash can be obtained from various ways such as product sales, new financing, or the selling of assets. The cash inflows and cash outflows are not perfectly synchronized; therefore, cash holdings act as a buffer (Ross, 2019). This paper aims to investigate the determinants of corporate cash holdings and estimate the cash holdings speed of adjustment on non-financial firms listed in IDX. The method utilized in this paper is panel data techniques. Our results suggest that cash holdings are positively affected by cash flow and dividend payout ratio. Firm size, leverage, capital expenditure, net working capital and market-to-book are negatively related with cash holdings. Our result also shows that firms with higher cash holdings than the target level have a higher speed of adjustment than firms with cash holdings that is lower than the target level."

"Penelitian ini membahas determinan Value of Financial Flexibility di Indonesia pada periode 2009-2013 dengan pendekatan teoritis Gamba dan Triantis (2008) serta model yang dikembangkan oleh Rapp et al (2014). Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian berjumlah 99 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hal penting terkait determinan Value of Financial Flexibility. Pertama, growth opportunities dan profitabilitas berpengaruh positif terhadap Value of Financial Flexibility walaupun growth opportunities tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan. Kedua, effective cost of holding cash, cost of external financing dan reversibility of capital secara signifikan berpengaruh negatif terhadap Value of Financial Flexibility.

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Architecture is an ongoing procesess, that makes architecture change to a form that does not fixed. Wastra decoration addition is a modified form by the user to the building, as a way to adjust space to the function and activities change. So the architecture can be changed by a continual process. This thesis will try to see wastra as a represented form of architecture that transforms the fixed architecture to become unfixed, as a continuation process of the architecture. And the role wastra as building decoration in changing the architecture to be able to receive different function and activities."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah current ratio, fixed charge coverage, net income margin, financial slack, sales growth, dan debt ratio secara signifikan menentukan financial constraints serta untuk mengetahui hubungannya dengan return saham. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi logit untuk pengelompokan perusahaan berdasarkan status financial constraint dan analisis regresi sederhana digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara financial constraint dan return saham. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada tingkat signifikansi 5% variabel yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi status financial constraint adalah current ratio, fixed charge coverage, net income margin, dan debt ratio. Sedangkan analisis regresi financial constraint dan return saham menunjukkan hubungan yang negatif.

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This study aims to determine whether current ratio, fixed charge coverage, net income margin, financial slack, sales growth, and the debt ratio significantly determine financial constraints and to investigate its relationship with stock returns. This study uses logit regression analysis for grouping companies based on the status of financial constraints and ordinary regression analysis is used to determine the relationship between financial constraints and stock returns. The results show that at 5% significance level variables that significantly affect the status of financial constraint is current ratio, fixed charge coverage, net income margin, and debt ratio. While the regression analysis of financial constraints and stock returns show a negative relationship."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis prediksi kebangkrutan perusahaan manufaktur menggunakan machine learning. Data keuangan dari perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode tahun 2013 hingga 2023 digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, dan Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat bagi perusahaan manufaktur dalam mengidentifikasi tanda-tanda awal kebangkrutan, kreditur dalam mengevaluasi kelayakan pemberian kredit, investor dalam pengambilan keputusan investasi, akademisi dalam pengembangan riset di bidang prediksi kebangkrutan, serta regulator pasar modal (OJK) dalam meningkatkan efisiensi pengawasan terhadap perusahaan manufaktur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SVM efektif dalam memprediksi data historis dengan performa yang konsisten, sementara LSTM memiliki keunggulan dalam menangani variasi dan pola dalam data baru.

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This study aims to analyze bankruptcy prediction for manufacturing companies using machine learning. Financial data from manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period from 2013 to 2023 are used in this study. The analytical methods employed include Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). The results of this study are expected to provide benefits to various stakeholders: manufacturing companies in identifying early signs of bankruptcy, creditors in evaluating the feasibility of extending credit, investors in making investment decisions, academics in advancing research in bankruptcy prediction, and market regulators (OJK) in enhancing the efficiency of supervision over manufacturing companies. The results indicate that SVM is effective in predicting historical data with consistent performance, while LSTM excels in handling variations and patterns in new data."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh leverage, cash flow, net working capital, capital expenditure, market to book, size, dan dividen terhadap cash holding perusahaan non-finansial di Indonesia serta menganalisis perbedaan speed of cash holding adjustment perusahaan di Indonesia ketika perusahaan memiliki tingkat cash holding yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan target cash holding maupun ketika perusahaan memiliki tingkat cash holding yang lebih rendah dibandingkan target cash holding. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh leverage, cash flow, net working capital, capital expenditure, market to book, size, dan dividen terhadap cash holding. Penelitian ini juga menemukan perusahaan dengan tingkat cash holding yang lebih tinggi dari targetnya memiliki speed of adjustment yang lebih rendah dibandingkan perusahaan dengan tingkat cash holding yang lebih rendah.

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This research aims to see impact leverage, cash flow, net working capital, capital expenditure, market to book, size, and dividend toward cash holding on non financial firm in Indonesia and analyze speed of cash holding adjustment difference between firm rsquo s cash holding exceed its target and firm rsquo s cash holding below its target.

The result of this research shows that leverage, cash flow, net working capital, capital expenditure, market to book, size, and dividend impact cash holding. This research also shows that firms that have cash holding exceed its target will have slower speed of adjustment than firm that have cash holding below its target."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan efisiensi modal intelektual besertakomponennya yaitu Value Added Capital Employed Coefficient (VACA), Value AddedHuman Capital (VAHU), Structural Capital Value Added (STVA) terhadap kinerjaperusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Value Added Intellectual Coefficient(VAICTM) sebagai pengukuran efisiensi modal intelektual. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan nya pengaruh signifikan dan positif antara modal intelektual dan jugakomponennya terhadap kinerja perusahaan, Komponen VACA adalah yang palingberpengaruh signifikan pada kinerja perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia

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The purpose of this study to examine the relationship of intellectual capital efficiencyand its components which are Value Added Capital Employed (VACA), Value AddedHuman Capital (VAHU), Structural Capital Value Added (STVA) on firmsperformance. This research uses Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAICTM) as ameasurement of intellectual capital efficiency. The results of this research there is apositive and significant relationship between intellectual capital and firm performance,VACA is the most significant variable of intellectual capital component on the firmperformance on manufacturing companies in Indonesia"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik perusahaan dan makro ekonomi terhadap kebijakan cash holding pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode lima tahun mulai dari 2009 sampai 2013. Pengujian dilakukan dengan model regresi least square. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa karakteristik perusahaan dan makro ekonomi memiliki pengaruh terhadap kebijakan cash holding.

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This research is aimed to analyze of firm characteristics and macroeconomy on cash holding policy in manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of five years starting from 2009 up to 2013. The tests were conducted with the least square regression model. The results of this research found that firm characteristics and macroeconomics have influence on the corporate cash holdings."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai hubungan likuiditas saham dan investasi perusahaan. Likuiditas saham dan investasi perusahaan merupakan dua hal penting bagi perusahaan maupun pemangku kepentingan terutama pemegang saham. Namun, hingga saat ini masih sedikit penelitian mengenai hubungan kedua hal tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang membahas hubungan likuiditas saham dan investasi perusahaan, khususnya perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Investasi perusahaan akan menggunakan variabel pertumbuhan total aset, property, plant, and equipment (PPE), persediaan, dan capital expenditure. Hasil penelitian menujukkan likuiditas saham memiliki hubungan positif dengan investasi perusahaan. Sehingga semakin likuid saham perusahaan, maka semakin besar investasi perusahaan.

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The focus of this study is the relationship of stock liquidity and Companies? investment. Stock liquidity and investment are important things for companies and stakeholders, especially shareholders. However, it is still a few of research about that. This research is a quantitative study that examines the relationship of stock liquidity and investment companies, especially manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Variable of Companies? investment are growth in total assets, property, plant, and equipment (PPE), inventory, and capital expenditure. The results showed stock liquidity has a positive relationship with the investment company. So more liquid shares, the greater Companies? investment"