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"India's increasing population has attracted a host of multinational corporations (MNCs) to enter the country to tap its market. Because of their enthusiasm and the favorable market conditions, these MNCs get carried away and sometimes regulations are flouted. The absence of clear regulations leads to problems when government agencies find fault with MNCs products."

"ABSTRACTSkripsi ini membahas tentang berbagai aspek Corporate Social Responsibility baik secara konsep maupun berdasarkan peraturan yang berlaku, terutama mengenai pelaksanaan CSR melalui mekanisme pemberian dana kepada Pemerintah. Penelitian ini mengambil studi pada pelaksanaan CSR oleh PT. Vale dimana PT. Vale memberikan dana sebesar Rp 11,7 Miliar kepada Pemerintah Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah yang kemudian mendapat protes dari beberapa pihak. Adapun pokok permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah: 1) Bagaimana pengaturan mengenai Corporate Social Responsibility dalam sektor pertambangan? 2) Bagaimana peran pemerintah dalam penyelenggaraan kegiatan corporate social responsibility dalam sektor pertambangan dan 3) Apakah tindakan PT. Vale Indonesia Tbk yang memberikan dana kepada Pemerintah Daerah Sulawesi Tengah dapat dikatakan sebagai kegiatan CSR dari perusahaan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif yang dilakukan dengan menelaah norma hukum tertulis dan studi dokumen. Pada Akhirnya, Penulis memperoleh kesimpulan bahwa CSR dalam sektor pertambangan diatur dalam beberapa pengaturan antara lain dalam Undang-Undang No. 25 Tahun 2007, Undang-Undang No. 40 tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas, Undang-Undang No. 4 Tahun 2009, Peraturan Pemerintah No. 23 Tahun 2010, Peraturan Pemerintah No. 47 Tahun 2012 dan Peraturan Menteri ESDM No. 41 Tahun 2016. Kedua, peran pemerintah dalam CSR meliputi mengatur, mengawasi dan memberikan evaluasi terhadap pelaksanaan CSR. Terakhir, tindakan PT. Vale yang memberikan dana kepada Pemerintah Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah tidak dapat dikatakan sebagai kegiatan CSR dari PT. Vale karena melanggar ketentuan di sektor pertambangan. Saran penulis, pertama, bagi pembuat regulasi baik ditingkat pusat maupun daerah, diperlukan pengaturan yang jelas mengenai peran pemerintah dalam kegiatan CSR. Khususnya berkaitan dengan kewenangan pemerintah dalam mengelola dana CSR. Kedua, bagi perusahaan tambang pelaksana CSR, dalam melakukan CSR agar memerhatikan ketentuan perundang-undangan terkait CSR. Terkahir, bagi Pemerintah Daerah, agar dibuat suatu mekanisme penyaluran dana CSR. Mekanime ini mengakomodir penyaluran dana CSR yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan kepada pemerintah daerah. Dana tersebut tidak masuk kedalam APBD.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses various aspects of Corporate Social Responsibility both conceptually and based on applicable regulations, especially regarding the implementation of CSR through the mechanism of giving funds to the Government. This study took a study on the implementation of CSR by PT. Vale where PT. Vale provided funds amounting to Rp. 11.7 billion to the Central Sulawesi Provincial Government which later received protests from several parties. The main issues raised in this study are: 1) What are the regulation on Corporate Social Responsibility in the mining sector? 2) What is the role of the government in the implementation of corporate social responsibility activities in the mining sector? And 3) Whether the action of PT. Vale Indonesia Tbk, which provides funds to the Regional Government of Central Sulawesi, can be said to be a CSR activity of the company? The study was conducted by normative juridical method which was carried out by examining written legal norms and document studies.Finally, the author concludes that CSR in the mining sector is regulated in a number of settings, including in Law No. 25 of 2007, Law No. 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies, Law No. 4 of 2009, Government Regulation No. 23 of 2010, Government Regulation No. 47 of 2012 and Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 41 of 2016. Second, the role of government in CSR includes regulating, supervising and providing evaluations of the implementation of CSR. Finally, the actions of PT. Vale, which provides funds to the Central Sulawesi Provincial Government, cannot be said to be a CSR activity from PT. Vale for violating provisions in the mining sector. The author's advice, first, is for regulators at both central and regional levels, clear arrangements are needed regarding the role of government in CSR activities. Particularly related to government authority in managing CSR funds. Second, for mining companies implementing CSR, in carrying out CSR to pay attention to statutory provisions related to CSR. Finally, for the Regional Government, a mechanism for channeling CSR funds is made. This mechanism accommodates the distribution of CSR funds carried out by companies to local governments. The funds are not included in the APBD."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pola hubungan yang terjadi diantara Pengungkapan Corporate Governance (CG) dengan Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) pada perusahaan yang termasuk ke dalam kelompok industri high profile yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode content analysis atas laporan tahunan perusahaan sampel pada tahun 2006. Penelitian ini menguji dua buah model penelitian. Dimana, pada pengujian pertama, Pengungkapan CG berlaku sebagai variabel dependen dan Pengungkapan CSR berlaku sebagai variabel independen, pada pengujian kedua berlaku hal sebaliknya. Selain itu, untuk lebih mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Pengungkapan CG dan Pengungkapan CSR, penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa variabel independen yaitu Status Afiliasi, Komisaris Independen, dan Kepemilikan Manajemen serta Ukuran Perusahaan, Resiko, dan Profitabilitas sebagai variabel pengendali. Untuk menguji masing-masing variabel terhadap Pengungkapan CG maupun Pengungkapan CSR, dilakukan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pengujian pertama, Pengungkapan CSR berhubungan positif dan signifikan terhadap Pengungkapan CG. Sedangkan, Resiko, Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, serta Komisaris Independen berhubungan positif namun tidak signifikan dengan Pengungkapan CG. Sebaliknya, Kepemilikan Manajemen berhubungan negatif dan signifikan terhadap Pengungkapan CG. Selanjutnya, pada pengujian kedua hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pengungkapan CG, Status Afiliasi, dan Kepemilikan Manajemen berhubungan positif dan signifikan terhadap Pengungkapan CSR. Sementara, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Komisaris Independen berhubungan positif namun tidak signifikan dengan Pengungkapan CSR. Sebaliknya, Resiko berhubungan negatif dan signifikan terhadap Pengungkapan CSR.

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This research is conducted to develop an understanding of the relationship between Corporate Governance (CG) Disclosure and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Disclosure involving companies that are included within the high profile industry that are listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The method used in developing this research is through content analysis based on companies? annual report samples taken from the year 2006. This study investigates two different model, where in the first model the consequences of CG act as an dependent variable and CSR act as an independent variable. While, in the second model the two variables act vice versa. Beside other than the interaction between those two variables, there are other independent variables that also affect CG Disclosure and CSR Disclosure such as Affiliation Status, Independent Commissioners and Management Ownership in addition to the Size of the company, Risk and Profitability as controlling variables. To test each variable?s effect towards the CG Disclosure and CSR Disclosure, a multiple linear regression analysis was done. The result in the first model shows that CSR Disclosure has a positive and significant effect to CG Disclosure. Meanwhile, Risk, Profitability, Size, and Independent Commissioners have a positive effect but insignificant to CG Disclosure. On the other hand, Management Ownership have a negative effect and significant to CG Disclosure. Then, on the second model show that CG Disclosure, Affiliation Status, and anagement Ownership have a positive and significant effect to CSR Disclosure. Meanwhile, Size and Independent Commissioners have a positive but insignificant effect to CSR Disclosure. On the other hand, Risk has a negative and significant effect to CSR Disclosure."

"The main idea of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) which has become a hot topic at the present is that companies doing businesses are not only committed to their shareholders but also their stakeholders. This commitment is shown from the contribution to develop a sustainable economy by contributing to the environment and working with employees, their families, the local community and society at large to improve their lives in ways that are good for business and for development. Through CSR, the establishment of good corporate governance will be supported. It is one of the means in realizing the principles of corporate governance established by the Organization for Economic and Co-operation andDevelopment (OECD) in 2004. OECD listed these principles which are:

1. Ensuring the basis for an effective corporate governance framework

2. The rights of shareholders and key ownership functions,

3. The equitable treatment of shareholders,

4. The role of stakeholders in corporate governance,

5. Disclosure and Transparency,

6. Responsibilities of the Board.

The principles were first endorsed back in 1999 by OECD ministers and since then they have become an international benchmark for investors, policy makers, corporations and stakeholders worldwide.

The discussion on the matter of CSR reheated in Indonesia when there were rumors that a new law will be established on the requirement and details in conducting CSR.Eventually it became the main discussion due to the approval of the draft of the much fearful new law ; Company Law article 74 (UU Perseroan Terbatas pasal 74) on July 20th, 2007 one of which paragraph states that every company operating in areas relating to natural resources is obliged to fulfill its social and environment responsibilities. The approval of this new law surely invites pros and contras from many constituents. It seems that many still feel that CSR is not necessary and only should be voluntary. The problem is when CSR was a voluntary activity, only a few are willing to carry it out furthermore to give their best to contribute on the matter. Unilever as one of the companies realizing the importance of CSR has been executing CSR since it was first established. Its reputation in the CSR implementation is recognized nationally and internationally; many have awarded Unilever for its outstanding achievements. Programs are approached using the triple bottom-line approach so that it covers the three perspectives, namely social, economy and environmental. Thus, the company formulates CSR programs mainly in three areas environment, small and medium enterprises and health and hygiene. The programs have been enormously successful and have contributed significantly to the sustainable operations of the company and its position as a market leader and as the brand preferred by the people. This excellent implementation of CSR is a mirror image of the commitment made by the company to its stakeholders; an emphasis on the growing awareness in the industry to alter companies? point of views in their purpose of existence from maximizing shareholders? value to stakeholders? value. It has also helped the implementation of good corporate governance at Unilever as CSR is one of the elements of supporting good corporate governance."

"Originally, the concept of CSR was come from business ethic values that impose corporation's ethical responsibility to their social dan natural environment. That development of ethical business was part of social consciousness on the degradation of environment as impact of corporation activities. This reality also raised the deep environmental ethic or deep ecology which challenge anthropocentrism economical development and urged ecocentrism development. In Indonesia, this phenomenon was marked by the enactment of Act 4/1982 on environmental management. The constitutional debate on CSR just began when the Indonesian Constitutional court heard and decided the judicial review case of Act 40/2007 on limited liability company which stipulate CSR mandatory law for corporation that have activity in natural resources areas. In its decision, Constitutional Court refused the petition. This means that court affirmed that CSR mandatory law is not contrary to the constitution. However, the legal argumentation of the court was not shifted from economical and environmental perspectives. The constitutional basic of the decision is article 33 (4) concerning national economic principles and article 33 (3) concerning state power on land, water, and natural resources. The constitutional court did not use the human rights concept as the source of CSR mandatory law. "

"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) telah menjadi gagasan luas di pasar global. Pemerintah Indonesia mendorong Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) mewujudkan Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) melalui Program Tanggung Jawab Sosial Lingkungan (TJSL) yang disahkan Peraturan Menteri PER-05/MBU/04/2021. Sebagai Bank Himbara, Bank Mandiri, Bank Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI), Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI), dan Bank Tabungan Negara (BTN) secara konsisten menunjukkan prestasinya dalam program-program CSR. Tujuan penelitian ini mengeksplorasi pengaruh empat dimensi CSR yakni Philanthropy Responsibility, Ethical Responsibility, Legal Responsibility, dan Economic Responsibility terhadap Brand Equity (BE) dengan peran mediasi Corporate Image (CI) dan Trust (TR). Metode Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) dengan disjoint two-stage approach digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis dengan 393 sampel nasabah milenilal dan z Bank BUMN di seluruh Indonesia. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa CSR tidak memiliki pengaruh langsung yang signifikan terhadap BE. Sementara itu, TR dan CI secara positif dan signifikan memediasi pengaruh antara CSR dan BE. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa praktik CSR yang berhasil akan meningkatkan citra bank di benak nasabah. Nasabah merasa bahwa mereka berkontribusi secara sosial karena menerima layanan dari organisasi yang bertanggung jawab secara sosial. Praktik CSR menciptakan kepercayaan nasabah terhadap layanan keuangan bank. Oleh karena itu, reputasi dan kepercayaan berkontribusi dalam membangun BE bagi perusahaan.

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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a widespread notion in the global market. The Government of Indonesia encourages State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) to realize the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through Tanggung Jawab Sosial dan Lingkungan (TJSL) which has been approved by Ministerial Regulation PER-05/MBU/04/2021. As BUMN’s Bank, Bank Mandiri, Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI), Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI), and Bank Tabungan Negara (BTN) consistently show their achievements in CSR programs. The purpose of this study explores the influence of four dimensions of CSR namely Philanthropy Responsibility, Ethical Responsibility, Legal Responsibility, and Economic Responsibility on Brand Equity (BE) with the mediating role of Corporate Image (CI) and Trust (TR). The Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method with a two-stage disjoint approach was used to test the hypothesis with 393 samples of millennial customers and z state-owned banks throughout Indonesia. The results of the study show that CSR does not have a significant direct effect on BE. Meanwhile, TR and CI positively and significantly mediate the effect between CSR and BE. This finding developed that successful CSR practices will improve the bank's image in the minds of customers. Customers feel that they are contributing socially by receiving services from socially responsible organizations. CSR practices create customer trust in bank financial services. Therefore, reputation and trust contribute to building BE for the company.

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"ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis apakah dengan melakukan pengungkapan atas corporate social responsibility akan memberikan pengaruh terhadap return saham dari perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode data panel, dengan data dari perusahaan tambang Indonesia yang telah mempublikasikan laporan keuangan dan/atau laporan keberlangsungan mulai dari tahun 2010 hingga tahun 2016. Sehingga jumlah observasi penelitian adalah 126 data. Dengan variable independen CSR disclosure, cash flow growth dan return on assets dari tiap perusahaan, semua variable ini diharapkan mampu menjelaskan apa pengaruhnya terhadap return saham pada sampel perusahaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa CSR disclosure, cash flow growth dan return on assets perusahaan tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap return saham.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis apakah dengan melakukan pengungkapan atas corporate social responsibility akan memberikan pengaruh terhadap return saham dari perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode data panel, dengan data dari perusahaan tambang Indonesia yang telah mempublikasikan laporan keuangan dan/atau laporan keberlangsungan mulai dari tahun 2010 hingga tahun 2016. Sehingga jumlah observasi penelitian adalah 126 data. Dengan variable independen CSR disclosure, cash flow growth dan return on assets dari tiap perusahaan, semua variable ini diharapkan mampu menjelaskan apa pengaruhnya terhadap return saham pada sampel perusahaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa CSR disclosure, cash flow growth dan return on assets perusahaan tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap return saham.

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ABSTRACTSince CSR gain so much intention for the last decade, people nowadays demand for shareholder to behave ethically and socially responsible towards the environment. That is why the purpose of this study is to analyze whether the corporate social responsibility activity really gives effect on, what is supposed to be the biggest concern by shareholder which is company rsquo s stock return. Using the data of the Indonesia rsquo s mining companies that have been published its annual reports or and sustainability reports from 2010 until 2016. With the variables of CSR disclosure, cash flow growth and return on assets, this study shows that all those variables did not really give any significant effect to the stock return on the sample company."

"Penelitian ini membahas perbandingan mengenai transformasi konsep Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) dan Good Corporate Governance (GCG) pada Undang-undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas untuk mengetahui mengapa transformasi GCG berjalan dengan baik, sedangkan transformasi CSR mengundang pengujian konstitutional. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Perkara no 53 Tahun 2008 digunakan sebagai bahan analisis teks untuk memperoleh ragam pemaknaan terhadap istilah Tanggung Jawab Sosial dan Lingkungan (TJSL) serta menganalisis kontroversi pemberlakuan TJSL sebagai kewajiban hukum. Keberhasilan transformasi GCG adalah adanya kebijakan nasional serta dukungan terstruktur dan sistemik. CSR berada pada ranah moral etika dan TJSL pada ranah hukum dan kedua-duanya berlaku di Indonesia.

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This research compares the transformation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Good Corporate Governance, and explores the factors affecting the transformation of GCG concept to the Indonesian legal system. Questioned was whether the term social and environmental responsibility refers to the internationally known CSR since it has resulted in request for constitutional review. Text analysis of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 53 of 2008 was employed to find the various facets of meanings and provide insight into the issue of CSR as voluntary activities transformed into legally mandatory act. Applying Political Obligation theory reveals that CSR tends to be morally based, hence ‘social and environmental responsibility’ term refers to a set of different criteria based on the Indonesian Constitutional Law, Article 33, paragraph (1),(2),(3)."