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"[Businesses owned and operated by families constitute the vast majority of firms around the world. These firms are found in all industrial segments, from retail and service establishments to heavy manufacturers. Their sizes and revenues range from the smallest venture of a husband and wife roadside food stall in rural India to the largest multinational, highly diversified corporations in the United States and Europe. Many challenges, such as competition, regulation, environmental concerns, access to capital, and macroeconomic factors confront family and nonfamily firms alike. In addition, family and closely-held firms grapple with such issues of succession, continuity, conflict resolution, identity and organizational roles, estate and financial planning that are idiosyncratic to them; when psychological, social, and emotional factors are in play, constantly changing familial relationships influence the strategic and financial choices they make. Yet, there has been comparatively little theoretical or empirical research undertaken on family firms, relative to entrepreneurship and strategic management. This book addresses gaps in the literature by presenting a holistic, multi-disciplinary approach to the study and practice of family business that draws from such fields as psychology, anthropology, sociology, strategy, family therapy, family studies, wealth management, and international business. An international array of experts addresses both macro issues (including the role of family businesses in new business creation and economic development, influences of culture on family business, public policies that can encourage or threaten family business) and firm management (strategic and financial decision making, governance, entering and exiting). Featuring case studies from firms in a variety of industries, Understanding Family Businesses not only offers provocative new insights on family business dynamics, but outlines an agenda for future research., Businesses owned and operated by families constitute the vast majority of firms around the world. These firms are found in all industrial segments, from retail and service establishments to heavy manufacturers. Their sizes and revenues range from the smallest venture of a husband and wife roadside food stall in rural India to the largest multinational, highly diversified corporations in the United States and Europe. Many challenges, such as competition, regulation, environmental concerns, access to capital, and macroeconomic factors confront family and nonfamily firms alike. In addition, family and closely-held firms grapple with such issues of succession, continuity, conflict resolution, identity and organizational roles, estate and financial planning that are idiosyncratic to them; when psychological, social, and emotional factors are in play, constantly changing familial relationships influence the strategic and financial choices they make. Yet, there has been comparatively little theoretical or empirical research undertaken on family firms, relative to entrepreneurship and strategic management. This book addresses gaps in the literature by presenting a holistic, multi-disciplinary approach to the study and practice of family business that draws from such fields as psychology, anthropology, sociology, strategy, family therapy, family studies, wealth management, and international business. An international array of experts addresses both macro issues (including the role of family businesses in new business creation and economic development, influences of culture on family business, public policies that can encourage or threaten family business) and firm management (strategic and financial decision making, governance, entering and exiting). Featuring case studies from firms in a variety of industries, Understanding Family Businesses not only offers provocative new insights on family business dynamics, but outlines an agenda for future research.]"

"Melalui penelitian sebelumnya, diketahui bahwa kepemilikan terkonsentrasi dapat memotivasi controlling shareholder dengan insentif yang memadai untuk mengawasi manajer. Di sisi lain, kepemilikan terkonsentrasi dalam perusahaan keluarga dapat berfungsi secara berbeda, terutama ketika mereka memiliki kontrol atas perusahaan melalui struktur kepemilikan piramida. Keberadaan struktur kepemilikan piramida dalam perusahan keluarga menciptakan alignment effect dan entrenchment effect yang diukur oleh cash flow rights dan control rights dari ultimate shareholder. Penelitian ini berusaha menelusuri bagaimana mekanisme control-enchancing melalui struktur kepemilikan piramida berdampak pada pay-performance relationship. Berdasarkan sampel penelitian perusahaan keluarga Indonesia pada tahun 2011-2017, ditemukan terdapat pengaruh positif dari alignment effect dari cash flow rights terhadap pay-performance relationship, sementara perbedaan dari control rights dan cash flow rights tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan sehingga entrenchment effect tidak terbukti memberikan pengaruh terhadap pay-performance relationship. Hasil pengujian empiris ini membuktikan, struktur kepemilikan piramida memberikan pengaruh pada agency cost dalam pay-performance relationship.

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Prior research documents that concentrated ownership could motivate controlling shareholder with enough incentive and power to monitor manager. On the other hand, concentrated ownership in family firms could behave differently, especially when they retain control of company through pyramidal ownership structure. The existence of pyramidal ownership structure in family firms create the alignment effect and entrenchment effect as proxied by cash flow rights and control rights of ultimate shareholder.

This paper investigates the impact of control-enhancing mechanism through pyramidal ownership structure on pay-performance relationship. Using a sample of Indonesian listed family firms during 2011-2017, we find a positive influence of alignment effect between cash flow rights on pay-performance relationship, while excess control rights over cash flow rights does not has any effect on pay-performance relationship, suggesting no entrenchment effect. Our result provide evidence that pyramidal ownership structure has an influence on agency cost in pay-performance relationship."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah kepemilikan keluarga memiki dampak terhadap risiko perusahaan. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya keunikan tersendiri pada perusahaan keluarga dalam menjalakan bisnisnya, tidak hanya mengutamakan aspek keuangan akan tetapi juga aspek non keuangan seperti reputasi dan identitas keluarga itu sendiri. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh moderasi dari CEO Profesional terhadap hubungan kepemilikan keluarga dengan risiko perusahaan. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2015-2019. Adapun total sampel sebanyak 146 perusahaan yang akan diuji dengan regresi Data Panel. Hasilnya ditemukan bahwa kepemilikan keluarga memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap risiko perusahaan. ini mengindikasikan bahwa perusahaan berusaha menjaga wealth keluarga. Selain itu CEO profesional mampu bertindak lebih realistis dan independen, sehingga mampu memperlemah hubungan kepemilikan keluarga dan risiko perusahaan. Secara praktik, hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu berbagai pihak pemangku kepentingan dalam memahami bagaimana kepemilikan keluarga dapat mempengaruhi risiko perusahaan. Selain itu hasil penelitian ini juga dapat dapat menambah khasanah literatur terkait dengan hubungan kepemilikan keluarga dan risiko perusahaan.

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This study aims to examine whether family ownership has an impact on firm risk. This is due to the uniqueness of the family company in running its business, which prioritizes not only financial aspects but also non-financial aspects such as the reputation and identity of the family. In addition, this study also aims to examine the moderating effect of the Professional CEO on the relationship between family ownership and company risk.

The samples used in this study were all family firm listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019. The total sample is 146 companies that will be tested with Panel Data regression. The results found that family ownership has a negative effect on firm risk. This indicates that the company is trying to maintain wealth family. In addition, professional CEO can act more realistic and independent to weaken the relationship between family ownership and company risk. In practice, the results of this study are expected to help various stakeholders in understanding how family ownership can affect the company's risk. In addition, the results of this study can also add to the literature related to the relationship of family ownership and firm risk."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah kepemilikan keluarga memiki dampak terhadap agresivitas perpajakan. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya keunikan tersendiri pada perusahaan keluarga dalam menjalakan bisnisnya, tidak hanya mengutamakan aspek keuangan akan tetapi juga aspek non keuangan seperti reputasi dan identitas keluarga itu sendiri. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh moderasi dari koneksi politik terhadap hubungan kepemilikan keluarga dengan agresivitas perpajakan. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2017-2019. Adapun total sampel sebanyak 484 perusahaan yang akan diuji dengan regresi Data Panel. Hasilnya ditemukan bahwa kepemilikan keluarga memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap agresivitas perpajakan. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa perusahaan berusaha menjaga wealth keluarga. Selain itu koneksi politik tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap hubungan kepemilikan keluarga dan agresivitas perpajakan. Secara praktik, hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu berbagai pihak pemangku kepentingan dalam memahami bagaimana kepemilikan keluarga dapat mempengaruhi risiko perusahaan.

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This study aims to examine whether family ownership has an impact on tax aggressiveness. This is due to the uniqueness of the family company in running its business, which prioritizes not only financial aspects but also non-financial aspects such as the reputation and identity of the family. In addition, this study also aims to examine the moderating effect of political connection on the relationship between family ownership and tax aggressiveness. The samples used in this study were all firm listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2019. The total sample is 484 companies that will be tested with Panel Data regression. The results found that family ownership has a negative effect on tax aggressiveness. This indicates that the company is trying to maintain wealth family. In addition, political connection can not effect the relationship between family ownership and tax aggressiveness. In practice, the results of this study are expected to help various stakeholders in understanding how family ownership can affect tax aggressiveness."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh diversifikasi terhadap kinerja perusahaan serta pengaruh moderasi kepemilikan keluarga. Sampel dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 253 perusahaan publik di Indonesia dengan periode penelitian tahun 2011 hingga 2015, pengujian menggunakan regresi data panel. Berdasarkan pengujian disimpulkan bahwa diversifikasi geografi dan industri terbukti memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap kinerja perusahaan berdasarkan excess value, sedangkan diversifikasi industri lebih memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja perusahaan berdasarkan return on asset dibandingkan diversifikasi geografi. Selain itu, kepemilikan keluarga terbukti tidak mempengaruhi pengaruh diversifikasi geografi terhadap kinerja perusahaan, tetapi memperkuat pengaruh negatif diversifikasi industri terhadap kinerja perusahan baik berdasarkan EV maupun ROA.

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This study analyzes the effect of diversification on the performance of companies as well as moderating influence of family ownership. Samples were selected by purposive sampling with a sample of 253 public companies in Indonesia with the research period 2011 to 2015, using panel data regression testing. Based on testing concluded that diversification of geography and industry proven to have a negative effect on the performance of companies based on the excess value, while diversified industry has more influence on the performance of companies based on return on assets than its diversified geography. In addition, the proven family ownership does not affect the geographic diversification effect on corporate performance, but it reinforces the negative effect on the performance of diversified industrial companies either based EV and ROA."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh kecenderungan perusahaan keluarga di Indonesia dalam pengungkapan informasi tanggung jawab sosial dan untuk menguji komposisi Komisaris Independen terhadap pengungkapan informasi Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) di perusahaan keluarga di Indonesia. Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 148 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2014. Pengujian dilakukan dengan data cross-section. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan keluarga di Indonesia cenderung belum melakukan pengungkapan CSR dengan baik. Kepemilikan keluarga tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan CSR dan komposisi komisaris independen tidak mampu menurunkan efek negatif dari kepemilikan keluarga dalam pengungkapan CSR. Namun, pada saat diberikan uji tambahan dengan membagi kepemilikan keluarga menjadi tinggi dan rendah, terlihat bahwa kepemilikan keluarga yang tinggi berpengaruh negatif terhadap CSR, komisaris independen tidak berpengaruh positif terhadap CSR, namun moderasi dari komisaris independen terhadap kepemilikan keluarga mampu menurunkan efek negatif dari kepemilikan keluarga dalam pengungkapan CSR.

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The purpose of this study are to examine the trend of CSR disclosure in family firm in Indonesia and the effect of Independent Commissioner on the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure.The sample of this study consists of 148 companies using cross-section data. The empirical results of this study show that most of family firms in Indonesia are still not able to perform a good CSR disclosure. Family ownership has no effect on the CSR disclosure, and the composition of independent commissioner is not able to decrease the negative effect of family ownership in CSR disclosure. However, when the additional test is taken in which the ownership is divided into high and low, the family firm with high level of ownership has negative effect on CSR, independent commissioner has no effect to CSR, but the moderation of independent commissioner to family ownership can decrease the negative effect of the family ownership in CSR disclosure."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh prosentase kepemilikan dan kontrol keluarga dengan klasifikasi prosentase kepemilikan keluarga 0 -5 dan 5 -33 terhadap tingkat dividend payout ratio di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Selain prosentase kepemilikan dan kontrol keluarga, penelitian ini juga mengevaluasi beberapa variabel lainnya terhadap kebijakan dividen dan memasukkan faktor tahun krisis keuangan global 2008-2010. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode data panel generalized least square dengan data tahunan selama 14 tahun 2003-2016 . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prosentase kepemilikan keluarga pada perusahaan keluarga di Indonesia dan Malaysia pada periode 2003-2016 memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat dividend payout ratio. Klasifikasi prosentase kepemilikan keluarga 0 -5 dan 5 -33 memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat dividend payout ratio. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa pembagian dividen pada perusahan keluarga yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia dan Bursa Malaysia terbukti dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu cara untuk mengurangi masalah agensi.

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ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the influence of family ownership and family control by classifying the family ownership percentage between 0 5 and 5 33 on firm rsquo s dividend payout ratio in Indonesia and Malaysia. This study used the generalized least square panel data method with annual data for 14 years 2003 2016 and considering the period of global financial crisis 2008 2010. The results shows that there is a positive and significant influence of family ownership on family firms in Indonesia and Malaysia based on dividend policy. These findings indicate that dividend distribution can be used as a policy to reduce agency problems in the listed firms both in Indonesia and Malaysia. "

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh family ownership terhadap kinerja perusahaan (variabel dependen ROA dan Tobin's Q) dengan mempertimbangkan keberadaan dari family management dan family control. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel perusahaan-perusahaan keluarga yang bergerak pada bidang non keuangan dan terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2005-2010. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah General Least Square (GLS) dengan Random Effect Model. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan dari family ownership terhadap kinerja perusahaan di Indonesia. Pengaruh positif tersebut tidak signifikan ketika anggota keluarga pendiri perusahaan menjabat pada top management (CEO) perusahaan (family management). Selanjutnya juga ditemukan bahwa pengaruh positif dari family ownership terhadap kinerja perusahaan signifikan ketika anggota keluarga pendiri perusahaan menjabat pada posisi kontrol (Dewan Direksi) perusahaan (family control).

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This study aims to analyze the effect of family ownership on firm performance (proxied by ROA and Tobin's Q) by considering the influence of family management and family control. Using data of listed non-financial family firms in Bursa Efek Indonesia for the period 2005-2010. The analytical method used is GLS (General Least Square) Random Effect Model.

This study found that family ownership has a positive and significant effect on firm performance. However, The positive effect becomes not significant when founding family members serves as CEO family management). Furthermore this study also found that the positive effect of family ownership on firm performance becomes significant when founding family members involve in board directors (family control)."