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"Originally, the concept of CSR was come from business ethic values that impose corporation’s ethical responsibly to their social and natural environment. That development of ethical business was part of social consciousness on the degradation of environment as impact of corporation activities. This reality also raised the deep environmental ethic or deep ecology which challenge anthropocentrism economical development and urged ecocentrism development. In Indonesia, this phenomenon was marked by the enactment of Act 4/1982 on Environmental Management.The constitutional debate on CSR just began when the Indonesian Constitutional Court heard and decided the judicial review case of Act 40/2007 on Limited Liability Company which stipulate CSR mandatory law for corporation that have activity in natural resources areas. In its decision, Constitutional Court refused the petition. This means that the court affirmed that CSR mandatory law is not contrary to the Constitution. However, the legal argumentation of the court was not shifted from economical and environmental perspectives. The constitutional basis of the decision is Article 33 (4) concerning national economic principles and Article 33 (3) concerning state power on land, water, and natural resources. The Constitutional Court did not use the human rights concept as the source of CSR mandatory law.In constitutional law perspective, we can justify the CSR mandatory law from human rights guarantee on the constitution. CSR is one of the obligations to respect, to protect, to fulfill, and to promote human rights. Those obligations are not only bind over the government, but also corporation and all citizens. In that perspective, CSR should be mandatory law not only for the corporation which manage or correlate with natural resource, but for all corporations that operate in the middle of the society."

"Munculnya PROPER mengisi kekosongan pedoman teknis mengenai implementasi CSR yang baik di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan teknik wawancara mendalam, penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi program CSR PGN yang berbasis PROPER dan mengaitkannya dengan konsep partisipasi dan capacity building sebagai indikator utama praktik CSR berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan tiga alat analisis evaluasi, yaitu gap analysis, means-ends dan main categorial analysis (dimensi evaluasi) serta SWOT analysis untuk mendapatkan gambaran komprehensif terhadap perencanaan maupun pelaksanaan program. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan program CSR PGN secara prosedural sudah memenuhi kriteria PROPER. Namun secara substantif, partisipasi dan capacity building pada program CSR mereka belum optimal. Partisipasi masyarakat terlihat rendah hampir di setiap tahapan (perencanaan, implementasi dan monitoring evaluasi) sehingga hal tersebut juga berimplikasi pada rendahnya capacity building. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan program CSR PGN hanya sebatas pemenuhan secara prosedural saja, tetapi masih belum sejalan dengan semangat PROPER untuk mendorong praktik CSR yang berkelanjutan. Kurangnya goodwill, pemahaman CSR yang terbatas di kalangan manajemen perusahaan dan karakteristik masyarakat yang pragmatis menjadi konteks dari implementasi CSR PGN yang prosedural tersebut.

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The emergence of PROPER fills the void of technical guidelines regarding the implementation of good CSR in Indonesia. Using qualitative methods and in-depth interview technique, this study aims to evaluate PGN's CSR program based on PROPER and linked it to the concepts of participation and capacity building as key indicators of sustainable CSR practices. This research was conducted using three evaluation analysis tools, namely gap analysis, means-ends and main categorial analysis (dimensions of evaluation) and SWOT analysis to get a comprehensive understanding of program planning and implementation. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of PGN's CSR program procedurally fulfills the PROPER criteria. But substantively, participation and capacity building in their CSR programs has not been optimal. Community participation was seen to be low at almost every stage (planning, implementation and evaluation monitoring) so that this also had implications for low capacity building. This shows that the implementation of PGN's CSR program is only limited to procedural fulfillment, but it is not yet in line with the spirit of PROPER to encourage sustainable CSR practices. Lack of goodwill, limited understanding of CSR among company management and pragmatic community characteristics are the context of PGN's procedural CSR implementation.

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"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai salah satu model pelaksanaan CSR pada perusahaan di Indonesia yang dilihat dari disiplin ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial. Urgensi dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah terdapat bentuk nyata yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan yang bekerja sama dengan yayasan dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan lingkungan melalui program CSR. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan salah satu program CSR dari PT. Astra International Tbk yang bekerja sama dengan Yayasan Peduli Lingkungan Semut Merah yaitu program Kampung Berseri Astra (KBA) sebagai upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat berbasis lingkungan di Kampung Rawajati, Jakarta. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan program serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dari pelaksanaan program KBA pada pilar lingkungan di KBA Rawajati. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2022 hingga November 2022 melalui studi literatur dan wawancara mendalam secara langsung terhadap 7 informan yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisa data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan serta verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pihak CSR Astra International telah melakukan program CSR pada pilar lingkungan berupa pemberdayaan masyarakat seperti pemberian pelatihan, pendampingan, pembinaan masyarakat, serta memberikan fasilitas sarana yang menunjang peningkatan kualitas lingkungan di wilayah KBA Rawajati. Namun, pelaksanaan program tersebut belum dilakukan secara maksimal dikarenakan partisipasi masyarakat tidak dilibatkan dalam tahap perencanaan program sehingga program yang dihasilkan kurang efektif terhadap peningkatan kualitas masyarakat dan lingkungan KBA Rawajati. Faktor pendukung program KBA pada pilar lingkungan di KBA Rawajati meliputi adanya partisipasi aktif dari penggiat kampung dan masyarakat, terdapat dukungan dari mitra program, adanya dukungan penuh dari pemerintah, dan terdapat lingkungan dan infrastruktur yang memadai. Sedangkan, faktor penghambat programnya adalah kurangnya sosialisasi program kepada seluruh masyarakat di KBA Rawajati yang menyebabkan masyarakat menolak keterlibatan dengan program CSR milik Astra, terdapat konflik perbedaan kepentingan antar masyarakat, pandemi COVID-19 sehingga menyebabkan adanya pembatasan aktivitas sosial masyarakat pada lingkungan KBA Rawajati, dan adanya permasalahan terkait pemberian dana dan bantuan program dari pihak Astra. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan bersumbangsih bagi program studi Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial berupa pengayaan mata kuliah Kesejahteraan Sosial dalam Sektor Industri dan intervensi komunitas dan pengembangan masyarakat.

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This study discusses one model of implementing CSR in companies in Indonesia, which is seen from the discipline of Social Welfare. The urgency of conducting this research is that there are concrete forms carried out by companies that work with foundations in improving the welfare of society and the environment through CSR programs. This study describes one of the CSR programs of PT. Astra International Tbk, in collaboration with the Peduli Lingkungan Semut Merah Foundation, namely the Kampung Berseri Astra (KBA) program as an effort to empower environment-based communities in Rawajati Village, Jakarta. The purpose of this research is to describe the implementation of the program and the factors that influence the implementation of the KBA program on the environmental pillar in Rawajati KBA. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive study. Data collection was carried out from March 2022 to November 2022 through a literature study and direct in-depth interviews with 7 informants who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis carried out in this study was data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions and verification. The results of the research show that Astra International's CSR has carried out CSR programs on the environmental pillar in the form of community empowerment such as providing training, mentoring, community development, as well as providing facilities that support environmental quality improvement in the Rawajati KBA area. However, the implementation of the program has not been carried out optimally because community participation was not involved in the program planning stage so that the resulting program was less effective in improving the quality of the community and environment of the Rawajati KBA. The supporting factors of the KBA program in the environmental pillar at Rawajati KBA include active participation from village and community activists, support from program partners, full support from the government, and adequate environment and infrastructure. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors for the program were the lack of socialization of the program to the entire community at Rawajati KBA which caused the community to refuse involvement with Astra's CSR program, there were conflicts of interest between communities, the COVID-19 pandemic had caused restrictions on community social activities within KBA Rawajati, and there are problems related to the provision of funds and program assistance from Astra. The results of this research are expected to contribute to the Social Welfare Science study program in the form of enrichment of Social Welfare courses in the Industrial Sector and community intervention and community development."

"Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dampak dan keberlanjutan dari program Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUB) Nelayan yang merupakan program CSR dengan karakteristik community empowerment milik Saka Indonesia Pangkah Limited (SIPL). Studi terdahulu menyebutkan bahwa keberlanjutan program CSR dengan karakteristik community empowerment dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik masyarakat lokal serta proses monitoring dan evaluasi yang dilakukan perusahaan. Penggunaan metode evaluasi yang kurang tepat dapat menyebabkan proses monitoring dan evaluasi menjadi kurang terarah sehingga keberlanjutan program menjadi sukar diraih. Berdasarkan analisis tersebut, peneliti berargumen bahwa penggunaan metode Main Analytical Categories (MAC) dapat menjadi metode evaluasi yang tepat untuk mengukur keberlanjutan program CSR dengan karakteristik community empowerment. Hal ini disebabkan karena MAC memiliki enam dimensi, dimana salah satu dimensinya yakni keberlanjutan, yang mana sesuai dengan konteks penelitian ini. Namun, sebelum mengukur keberlanjutan program, penting untuk mengukur dampak program terlebih dahulu. Untuk mengukur dampak, peneliti menggunakan kombinasi metode MAC dan Social Return On Investment (SROI) karena metode tersebut dapat mengukur dampak sosial yang dihasilkan program dalam bentuk valuasi moneter. Riset ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif serta alat evaluasi Main Analytical Categories (MAC) dan Social Return On Investment (SROI) untuk menganalisis serta mengevaluasi program Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUB) Nelayan sebagai program CSR milik Saka Indonesia Pangkah Limited (SIPL). Hasil analisis MAC menunjukkan bahwa program telah menghasilkan dampak yang sangat sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan harapan komunitas lokal serta memberi peningkatan kualitas sosio-ekonomi nelayan. Namun, program belum mampu meraih keberlanjutan yang maksimal karena ada beberapa parameter yang tidak tercapai. Analisis SROI menghasilkan nilai dampak dengan rasio Rp2,16 : 1 yang memberikan timbal balik yang positif sebagai investasi dampak. Riset ini juga memberikan rekomendasi model pengelolaan strategis program agar program KUB Nelayan mampu meraih dampak dan keberlanjutan yang lebih optimal di masa yang akan datang.

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This research aims to evaluate the impact and sustainability of the Fishermen's Joint Business Group (KUB) program, a CSR initiative characterized by community empowerment, implemented by Saka Indonesia Pangkah Limited (SIPL). Previous studies indicate that the sustainability of CSR programs with community empowerment characteristics is influenced by the characteristics of the local community as well as the monitoring and evaluation processes conducted by the company. The use of inappropriate evaluation methods can lead to unfocused monitoring and evaluation processes, making it difficult to achieve program sustainability. Based on this analysis, the researcher argues that the use of the Main Analytical Categories (MAC) method can be an appropriate evaluation method to measure the sustainability of CSR programs with community empowerment characteristics. This is because MAC has six dimensions, one of which is sustainability, which aligns with the context of this research. However, before measuring program sustainability, it is important to measure the program's impact first. To measure the impact, the researcher uses a combination of MAC and Social Return On Investment (SROI) methods because these methods can measure the social impact of the program in monetary valuation. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method and utilizes the Main Analytical Categories (MAC) and Social Return On Investment (SROI) evaluation tools to analyze and evaluate the Fishermen's Joint Business Group (KUB) program as a CSR initiative of Saka Indonesia Pangkah Limited (SIPL). The MAC analysis results show that the program has produced impacts that are highly aligned with the needs and expectations of the local community, as well as improving the socio-economic quality of the fishermen. However, the program has not yet achieved optimal sustainability because several parameters were not met. The SROI analysis yields an impact value with a ratio of Rp2.16:1, providing a positive return as an impact investment. This research also provides recommendations for strategic program plans so that the KUB Nelayan program is able to achieve more optimal impact and sustainability in the future."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi program CSR Agribisnis PT. NFI di wilayah Bogor dengan komoditinya yaitu Srikaya, serta faktor pendukung dan penghambatnya. Model evaluasi merunut dari Pietrzak (1991), meliputi evaluasi input, proses, dan outcome. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari input, dan proses cukup banyak ketidaksesuaian sehingga beberapa tujuan program tidak tercapai seperti rendahnya kompetensi petani dan turunnya jumlah partisipasi petani, meskipun penghasilan petani meningkat. Faktor pendukung program yaitu dukungan dari komisaris perusahaan, perkembangan ilmu teknologi pertanian, dan kebutuhan pasar terhadap komoditi srikaya yang luas. Faktor penghambat program dari internal yaitu keterbatasan jumlah tenaga pendamping, dan eksternal yaitu hama, musim, keterbatasan sumberdaya petani.

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ABSTRAK

This study aimed to evaluate the CSR program Agribusiness PT. NFI in Bogor with skrikaya as a commodity. The evaluation model was taken from Pietrzak (1991), includes the evaluation of input, process, and outcome. The results showed such low competence of farmers and the decreasing the number of farmers participation (input and process), although the income of farmers was increase. Programs supporting factors, among other are, the support of its commissioners, competent assistant program, the developing of agricultural technology and wide market needed for srikaya. Program inhibiting factors are lack of the facilitators, pests, season, limited resource farmers."

"Penelitian ini membahas implementasi, tahapan kemitraan dan manfaat kemitraan rantai pasokan Program Pengembangan Petani Kedelai Hitam (P3KH) terhadap program Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) PT. Unilever Indonesia, Tbk. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pertama dalam melakukan implementasi kemitraan rantai pasokan sebagai program CSR tahapan need assesment pemetaan sosial penerima manfaat dan potensi wilayah menentukan keberhasilan dan keberlanjutan program. Kedua, terjadinya pergeseran paradigma CSR ke Creating Share Value. Ketiga, kehadiran P3KH di Pringkuku dirasakan manfaatnya bagi sebagian besar petani kedelai hitam, meskipun belum signifikan pada peningkatan pendapatan para petani tetapi tetap dapat menjadi penghasilan tambahan selain pendapatan utamanya. Manfaat bagi Unilever adalah terjaminannya ketersediaan rantai pasokan.

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This study discusses the implementation stages of partnership and the benefits of supply chain partnerships Black Soybean Farmers Development Program (P3KH) on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) PT Unilever Indonesia, Tbk. This study used descriptive qualitative approach. The results showed, first in implementing supply chain partnerships as CSR program needs assessment stage of social mapping areas of potential beneficiaries and determine the success and sustainability of the program. Second, a paradigm shift CSR to Creating Share Value. Third, the presence P3KH in Pringkuku perceived benefits for the majority of black soybean farmers, although not significant in increasing farmers' income, but still can be an extra income in addition to its main income. Benefits for Unilever is availability guaranteed of the supply chain."

"PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk (PT HIL Tbk) merupakan perusahaan semen terbesar di Indonesia yang menggunakan bahan baku utama batu gamping (limestone). Secara positif, perusahaan ini telah memberikan kontribusi dalam bentuk devisa bagi negara, pendapatan asli daerah (PAD), membuka kesempatan lapangan pekerjaan, meningkatkan roda perekonomian sektor dan sub sektor lain di sekitarnya, namun juga menimbulkan dampak pengaruh terhadap lingkungan dan sosial ekonomi khususnya bagi masyarakat yang berada di sekitar areal pengusahaannya. Sebagai tanggung jawab terhadap seluruh pengaruh negatif yang ditimbulkan dan komitmen untuk mengurangi/menghapus citra buruk, perusahaan melakukan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan (corporate social responsibility/CSR).Tesis ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi program-program CSR PT HIL Tbk yang berkaitan dengan pemberdayaan masyarakat di desa Nambo, Kecamatan Klapanunggal Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi program implementasi program-program CSR PT HIL Tbk masih didominasi kegiatan yang bersifat charity dan yang berkaitan dengan pemberdayaan masyarakat masih belum berjalan efektif sebagaimana yang diharapkan.

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PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk (PT HIL Tbk) is the largest cement company in Indonesia which uses limestone as the main raw materials. Positively, the company has contributed in the form of foreign exchange for the country, local revenue (PAD), employment opportunities, improve the economy sectors and subsectors around them, but also impacts on the environment and the influence of socio-economic, especially for community around the company area. As the responsibility of all the negative influences and commitment to reduce/remove the bad image, the company conduct the Corporate Social Responsibility (Corporate Social Responsibility/CSR).

This thesis aims to analyze the implementation of CSR programs of PT HIL Tbk related to community empowerment in Nambo Village, Klapanunggal Sub-District, Bogor District. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach. The results showed that the implementation of CSR programs of PT HIL Tbk still dominated activity that is related to charity and community empowerment is still not effective as expected."

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang penerapan modal sosial yang dilakukan oleh PT. Telekomunikasi Selular dalam upaya membangun citra perusahaan melalui program CSR Indonesia NEXT. Modal sosial merupakan jaringan keterikatan sosial yang diatur oleh norma-norma yang menentukan produktivitas suatu kelompok masyarakat atau komunitas, sehingga memberikan kontribusi dalam aktivitas ekonomi masyarakat. IndonesiaNEXT yang bergerak di bidang pendidikan dengan menyasar peningkatan kualitas mahasiswa melalui acara seminar, pelatihan kompetensi bidang TIK dan kompetisi nasional. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan modal sosial yang dilakukan oleh PT. Telekomunikasi Selular dalam upaya mengubah citra perusahaan melalui program CSR Indonesia NEXT. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara secara virtuall, studi dokumen dan tinjauan literatur. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan aspek modal sosial yang dilakukan oleh Telkomsel dalam upayanya membangun citra perusahaan melalui transformasi program CSR Indonesia NEXT ini belum terlaksana dengan sempurna. Rencana strategis perusahaan sebagai norma/aturan tertulis yang memuat tentang transformasi perusahaan digital belum mengakomodasi proses pelaksanaan program Indonesia NEXT. Dibutuhkan kolaborasi dengan stakeholder lain, baik divisi lain maupun mitra dalam mencapai tujuan tersebut. Hal ini juga berkaitan dengan kepercayaan yang harus terus dibangun dalam jangka panjang.

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This study discusses the application of social capital conducted by PT. Telekomunikasi Selular in an effort to build a corporate image through the IndonesiaNEXT CSR program. Social capital is a network of social ties governed by norms that determine the productivity of a group of people or community, thus contributing to the economic activities of society. IndonesiaNEXT is engaged in education by targeting the improvement of the quality of students through seminars, ICT competency training and national competitions. This thesis aims to determine the application of social capital carried out by PT. Telekomunikasi Selular in an effort to change the company's image through the Indonesia NEXT CSR program. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data collection is done by virtual interviews, document studies and literature reviews. The research findings show that the application of social capital aspects by Telkomsel in its efforts to build a corporate image through the transformation of the Indonesia NEXT CSR program has not been implemented perfectly. The company's strategic plan as written norms/rules that contain the transformation of digital companies has not accommodated the Indonesia NEXT program implementation process. Collaboration is needed with other stakeholders, both divisions and partners in achieving these goals. This also relates to trust that must be built in the long run."