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"Phytochemicals signal transduction and neurological disorders presents readers with cutting edge and comprehensive information not only on bioavailability, and mechanism of action of phytochemicals in the brain, but also provides the molecular mechanism associated with beneficial effects of phytochemicals in neurotraumatic (stroke, spinal cord trauma, and traumatic brain injury) and neurodegenerative (Alzheimers disease, parkinson disease, huntington disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) diseases."

"Latar belakang. Depresi merupakan salah satu gangguan psikiatri yang sering terjadi pada pasien epilepsi. Prevalensinya adalah 20-80%. Depresi bukan merupakan suatu pemeriksaan yang rutin dilakukan di poliklinik neurologi karena membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama, sehingga banyak pasien yang tidak terdiagnosis dan akhirnya tidak terobati, untuk itu diperlukan pemeriksaan yang singkat. The Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for-Epilepsi (NDDI-E) merupakan pemeriksaan skrining depresi yang terdiri dari 6-aitem. Tujuan. Menentukan akurasi dan titik potong NDDI-E versi Indonesia sebagai skrining depresi pada pasien epilepsi dewasa. Metode. Penelitian uji diagnostik yang dilakukan di poliklinik epilepsi RSCM. Pemeriksaan dilakukan pada semua pasien epilepsi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pasien mengisi sendiri formulir NDDI-E tanpa bantuan orang lain. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan the International Neuropsychiatric Interview Mini ICD-10 (MINI-ICD10) sebagai standar baku. Hasil. Dari 105 orang subyek penelitian terdapat 23 orang mengalami gangguan depresi mayor berdasarkan MINI-ICD 10. Didapatkan kurva Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) yang mendekati 100%, titik potong 11, dengan Sensitifitas 91,3% Spesifisitas 89% PPV 70% dan NPV 97,3%. Secara statistik NDDI-E versi Indonesia masuk dalam klasifikasi yang kuat, karena nilai Area Under the Curve (AUC) 97,5% dengan interval kepercayaan (95%CI 95%-99%). Kesimpulan. NDDI-E versi Indonesia memiliki nilai akurasi yang tinggi untuk menentukan gangguan depresi mayor pada pasien epilepsi dewasa pada titik potong 11.

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Background. Depression is a common psychiatric disorder in epilepsy. The prevalence is 20-80%. The depression is not a routinely assessed in neurology clinics, because the assestment takes a long time. So, many patients are under diagnosed and untreated. The Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for-Epilepsy (NDDI-E) is a depression screening examination consist of only 6-aitem.

Purpose. To determine the accuracy and cut-off point of NDDI-E Indonesian version as a screening depression examination for adult epilepsy patients.

Method. Diagnostic test study was conducted at epilepsy clinic on RSCM. All the epilepsy patient who met the inclusion criteria was examined. The patient took the NDDI-E Indonesian version as a self assesment. Then there were assest with used the International Neuropsychiatric Interview Mini ICD-10 (MINI-ICD10) as a gold standar.

Results. From the 105 subjects, there were 23 people suffered from major depression by MINI-ICD10. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve obtained which is close to 100%, cut-off point at 11, with Sensitivity 91.3% Specificity 89% PPV 70% and NPV of 97.3%. It was statistically classified as strong because the value of Area Under the Curve (AUC) is 97.5% with a confidence interval (95% CI 95% -99%).

Conclusion. NDDI-E Indonesian version has a high accuracy to determine major depressive disorder in adult epilepsy patients with the cut-off point at 11."

"Latar belakang: Semaphorin-3B (SEMA3B) sebagai faktor antiangiogenik dan Cullin-1 (CUL1) sebagai faktor proangiogenik merupakan contoh dua protein yang bekerja secara antagonis dalam invasi trofoblas, yang bila terjadi ketidakseimbangan akan menyebabkan preeklamsia (PE). VEGF, MMP9, E-cadherin, p21, dan CASP3 merupakan kandidat protein terkait kaskade hantaran sinyal SEMA3B dan CUL1. Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kadar SEMA3B dan CUL1, serta kandidat protein terkait kaskade hantaran sinyalnya pada patologi PE berdasarkan perbedaan usia kehamilan saat persalinan. Metode: Penelitian diadakan di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RS Budi Kemuliaan dari April 2017-April 2018. Studi potong lintang dengan observasi analitik dilakukan untuk mengukur kadar SEMA3B dan CUL1 dan kandidat protein terkait kaskade hantaran sinyalnya dalam plasenta, serta kadar SEMA3B dan CUL1 dalam serum ibu pada 70 pasien PE berdasarkan dua kelompok usia kehamilan saat persalinan: <34 minggu dan ≥34 minggu. Pemeriksaan dilakukan di Laboratorium Terpadu Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Hasil: Kadar SEMA3B, CUL1, VEGF, dan E-cadherin secara bermakna lebih rendah pada kelompok usia kehamilan <34 minggu. Pada kelompok usia kehamilan <34 minggu: terdapat korelasi positif antara usia kehamilan dengan SEMA3B, CUL1, dan protein terkait kaskade hantaran sinyalnya; terdapat korelasi positif antara SEMA3B dengan VEGF dan p21; terdapat korelasi positif antara CUL1 dengan VEGF, MMP9, E-cadherin, p21, dan CASP3; dan korelasi negatif antara rasio p21/CUL1 dengan usia kehamilan. Pada kelompok usia kehamilan ≥34 minggu: terdapat korelasi positif antara SEMA3B dalam plasenta dengan SEMA3B dalam serum ibu; tidak ada korelasi SEMA3B dengan kandidat protein terkait kaskade hantaran sinyalnya; terdapat korelasi positif antara CUL1 dengan MMP9, E-cadherin, p21, dan CASP3. Kadar proangiogenik CUL1 dan VEGF yang rendah rendah dan ratio p21/CUL1 yang tinggi secara bermakna berhubungan dengan usia kehamilan <34 minggu saat persalinan. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan kadar CUL1 yang rendah meningkatkan risiko melahirkan sebesar empat kali lebih besar pada usia kehamilan <34 minggu dibandingkan usia kehamilan ≥34 minggu. Kesimpulan: Pada PE usia kehamilan <34 minggu saat persalinan, gambaran patologi PE lebih berat, kadar SEMA3B yang lebih rendah, serta kadar CUL1 yang lebih rendah memiliki risiko empat kali lebih besar terjadi persalinan dibandingkan usia kehamilan ≥34 minggu saat persalinan.

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Background: Semaphorin-3B (SEMA3B) as an antiangiogenic factor and Cullin-1 (CUL1) as a proangiogenic factor are examples of two proteins that work antagonistically in trophoblast invasion, which will cause preeclampsia (PE) if an imbalance occurs. VEGF, MMP9, E-cadherin, p21, and CASP3 are protein candidates related to the signal transduction cascade of SEMA3B and CUL1. The aim of this study was to analyze SEMA3B and CUL1 levels, as well as protein candidates related to the signal transduction cascade in pathology of PE based on differences in gestational age at delivery.

Methods: The study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Budi Kemuliaan Hospital during April 2017 until April 2018. In this cross-sectional study SEMA3B, CUL1, and protein candidates related to the signal transduction cascade (VEGF, MMP9, E-cadherin, p21, CASP3) were measured in the placenta, as well as SEMA3B and CUL1 levels in maternal serum in 70 PE patients in two gestational age at delivery groups: <34 weeks and ≥34 weeks. Measurements were conducted at Integrated Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia.

Results: Levels of SEMA3B, CUL1, VEGF, and E-cadherin were significantly lower in the gestational age group of <34 weeks compared to ≥34 weeks. In the gestational age group of <34 weeks: there were positive correlation between age gestational age and SEMA3B, CUL1, protein candidates related to their signal transduction cascade; there were positive correlations between SEMA3B and VEGF, p21; there were positive correlations between CUL1 and MMP9, E-cadherin, p21, CASP3; there were negative correlation between p21/CUL1 ratio and gestational age. In the gestational age group of ≥34 weeks: there were positive correlation between SEMA3B in placenta and SEMA3B in maternal serum; there were positive correlations between CUL1 and MMP9, Ecadherin, p21, CASP3; there were no correlation between SEMA3B and candidate protein related to the signal transduction cascade. Significantly, low level of proangiogenic CUL1 and VEGF, and high ratio p21/CUL1 were associated with <34 weeks of gestational age at delivery. Multivariate analysis showed that at <34 weeks of gestational age, low levels of CUL1 increased the risk of giving birth by four times greater than at ≥34 weeks of gestational age.

Conclusions: In PE at <34 weeks of gestation age at delivery, pathology of PE was worse, level of SEMA3B was lower, and lower level of CUL1 had four times greater risk of labor than at ≥34 weeks of gestational age at delivery. "

"This book presents an comprehensive reviews on the antimicrobial and antiviral properties of numerous recently reported phytochemicals, and their mechanisms of antimicrobial actions. Some of the chapters have critically discussed the beneficial and adverse effects of antibacterial, and stimulatory activities of dietary phytochemicals on rumen microbial populations, and gut microbial populations of humans and animals. Microbial adaptation and resistance of microbes to phytochemicals has also been highlighted. On the applied apects, the use of phytochemicals against drug resistance microbes, to treat microbial diseases, for food preservation, to inhibit methanogenic archaea in the rumen, and to modulate lipid biohydrogenating microbial populations to increase conjugated linoleic acids in animal-derived foods have been presented in different chapters."

"The thesis by Mercè Pacios exploits properties of carbon nanotubes to design novel nanodevices. The prominent electrochemical properties of carbon nanotubes are used to design diverse electrode configurations. In combination with the chemical properties and (bio)functionalization versatility, these materials prove to be very appropriate for the development of electrochemical biosensors. Furthermore, this work also evaluates the semiconductor character of carbon nanotubes (CNT) for sensor technology by using a field effect transistor configuration (FET). The CNT-FET device has been optimized for operating in liquid environments. These electrochemical and electronic CNT devices are highly promising for biomolecule sensing and for the monitoring of biological processes, which can in the future lead to applications for rapid and simple diagnostics in fields such as biotechnology, clinical and environmental research."