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"Latar belakang. Hipertensi pulmonal merupakan salah satu komplikasi jangka panjang pada stenosis mitral, dan meningkatkan morbiditas serta mortalitas. Peningkatan resistensi vaskular paru terjadi pada fase reaktif hipertensi pulmonal akibat stenosis mitral. Pada hipertensi pulmonal terjadi gangguan keseimbangan sistem otonom, yang berpengaruh pada perubahan laju jantung saat uji latih. Laju jantung pemulihan dihitung dari selisih laju jantung maksimal saat uji latih dengan laju jantung menit pertama fase pemulihan dipengaruhi oleh reaktivasi sistem parasimpatis saat akhir latihan, dan merupakan prediktor mortalitas jangka panjang. Metode. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 20 pasien stenosis mitral bermakna dengan hipertensi pulmonal yang menjalani pembedahan katup mitral di Pusat Jantung Nasional Harapan Kita dari bulan Agustus hingga November 2014. Dilakukan pengukuran resistensi vaskular paru sebelum operasi dan sebelum pasien dipulangkan. Laju jantung pemulihan diambil dari uji treadmil pada akhir program rehabilitasi kardiak fase 2. Dilakukan analisa statistik untuk mencari hubungan antara resistensi vaskular paru dengan laju jantung pemulihan saat latihan pasca operasi katup mitral. Hasil. Laju jantung pemulihan yang diukur pada menit pertama fase pemulihan uji treadmill adalah 11,5 + 5,9 kali per menit, dan perubahan resistensi vaskular paru pre dan paska operasi sebesar 1,55 + 2,1 WU. Laju jantung pemulihan menit pertama memiliki korelasi sedang dengan perubahan resistensi vaskular paru (r 0,537; p 0,015) . Analisa regresi linier laju jantung pemulihan menit pertama dengan perubahan resistensi vaskular paru pre dan paska operasi mendapatkan nilai koefisien β 1,52 dengan IK 95% 0,338-2,706 dengan nilai p 0,015. Analisa bivariat menyimpulkan bahwa digoxin merupakan variabel perancu (p 0,048). Analisa regresi linier antara perubahanresistensi vaskular paru pasca operasidengan laju jantung pemulihan menit pertama(adjusted analysis sesuai variable perancu)menunjukkan nilai koefisien β 1,244 dengan IK 95% 0,032-2,457 dengan nilai p 0,045. Kesimpulan. Perubahan resistensi vaskular paru pada pasien stenosis mitral dengan hipertensi pulmonal yang menjalani pembedahan berhubungan dengan laju jantung pemulihan menit pertama saat uji latih jantung.

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Background. Pulmonary hypertension is one of the long-term complication of mitral stenosis, resulting increase of morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is increase in reactive phase of pulmonary hypertension due to mitral stenosis. There is impaired autonom regulation following pulmonary hypertension, affecting heart rate changes during exercise test. Heart rate recovery (HRR) is defined as the difference between heart rate at peak exercise and 1 minute of recovery phase. It is affected by reactivation of parasympathetic system after cessation of exercise, and has been known as a long-term mortality predictor.

Method. A study of 20 patients with significant mitral stenosis with pulmonary hypertension who underwent mitral valve surgery in National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita was done from August to November 2014. PVR data from echocardiography was measured before surgery and before the patients were discharged. HRR data was taken from the treadmill test at the end of phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation program. Statistical analysis is done to explore the correlation between pulmonary vascular resistance and heart rate recovery after exercise test.

Result. Mean heart rate recovery after exercise test is 11,5 + 5,9 beat perminute, and changes of pulmonary vascular resistance after surgery is 1,55+2,1 WU. There was a correlation between change of PVR and heart rate recovery (r 0,537; p 0,015). Linear regression analysis of the change of PVR and heart rate recovery (unadjusted analysis) showed β coefficient 1,52 with 95% confidence interval 0,338-2,706 and p 0,015. Adjusted analysis to confounding variabel showed β coefficient 1,244 with 95% CI 0,032-2,457 and p 0,045.

Conclusion. Changes of pulmonary vascular resistance after mitral valve surgery in mitral stenosis pastient is positively correlated with heart rate recovery during exercise test."

"Latar belakang. Stenosis mitral masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di negara berkembang dengan hipertensi pulmoner sebagai salah satu komplikasinya. Disfungsi endothelium berperan penting pada hipertensi pulmoner dimana terdapat peningkatan produksi mediator vasoaktif. Endotelin-1 merupakan vasokonstriktor yang kuat dan berperan penting dalam hipertensi pulmoner. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort pada 32 pasien stenosis mitral bermakna dengan hipertensi pulmoner sedang-berat yang menjalani pembedahan katup mitral di Pusat Jantung Nasional Harapan Kita dari bulan April hingga November 2014. Dilakukan analisa statistik untuk mencari hubungan antara kadar endotelin-1 dengan tekanan sistolik arteri pulmoner pasca operasi. Hasil. Terdapat korelasi antara kadar endotelin-1 pre operasi dengan tekanan sistolik arteri pulmoner pasca operasi (r 0,387 dengan p 0,029). Analisa regresi linear antara kadar endotelin-1 pre operasi dengan tekanan sistolik arteri pulmoner pasca operasi (adjusted analysis sesuai usia, jenis kelamin, hipertensi, diabetes melitus, dislipidemia, atrial fibrilasi dan waktu cross clamp aorta dan penggunaan mesin cardiopulmonay bypass menunjukan nilai koefisien β 11,4 dengan IK 95% 2,9-19,9 dan nilai p 0,011. Analisa regresi linear antara kadar endotelin-1 pasca operasi dengan tekanan sistolik arteri pulmoner pasca operasi (adjusted analysis) menunjukan nilai koefisien β 4,3 dengan IK 95% -5,4-13,9 dan nilai p 0,367. Analisa regresi linear antara perubahan kadar endotelin-1 pre dan pasca operasi dengan tekanan sistolik arteri pulmoner pasca operasi (adjusted analysis) mendapatkan nilai koefisien β 12,5 dengan IK 95% 0,5-24,4 dan p 0,041. Kesimpulan. Kadar endotelin-1 pre operasi berhubungan dengan tekanan sistolik arteri pulmoner pasca operasi mitral pada pasien mitral stenosis dengan hipertensi pulmoner.

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Background. Mitral stenosis is still the major health problem in developing countries with pulmonary hypertension as one of the complications. Endothelial dysfunction play significant role in pulmonary hypertension where the production of vasoactive mediators increase. Endothelin-1 is a very strong vasoconstrictor which play role in pulmonary hypertension.

Methods. A cohort study in 32 patients with significant mitral stenosis complicated with moderate-severe pulmonary hypertension who underwent mitral valve surgery in National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita from April to November 2014. Statistical analysis is done to explore the correlation between endothelin-1 level and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure post surgery.

Results. There was correlation between endothelin-1 pre surgery with systolic pulmonary arterypressure after surgery (r 0,387 and p value 0,029). Linear regression analysis of the endothelin-1 level pre surgery with systolic pulmonary artery pressure post surgery (adjusted analysis to age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia atrial fibrillation, aortic cross clamp time and cardio-pulmonary bypass time) with β coefficient 11,4 with 95% confidence interval 2,9-19,9 and p 0,011. Linear regression analysis between endothelin-1 level post surgery with systolic pulmonary artery pressure (adjusted analysis) showed β coefficient 4,3 with 95% confidence interval -5,4-13,9 and p 0,367. Linear regression analysis between the difference of endothelin-1 level post and pre surgery and systolic pulmonary artery pressure post surgery (adjusted analysis) showed β coefficient 4,3 with 95% confidence interval 0,5-24,4 and p 0,041.

Conclusion. Endothelin-1 level pre surgery is correlated with systolic pulmonary artery pressure post mitral valve surgery in mitral stenosis patients with pulmonary hypertension."

"Latar Belakang : Peningkatan resistensi vaskular paru (RVP) pasien stenosis mitral (SM) disebabkan oleh proses reaktif hipertensi pulmoner (HP) sehingga mempengaruhi luaran klinis pascabedah katup mitral. Endotelin-1 (ET-1) sebagai mediator vasoaktif berperan penting pada HP reaktif. Belum ada penelitian yang menghubungkan kadar ET-1 vena pulmoner (VP) dengan RVP. Tujuan Penelitian : Menilai korelasi kadar ET-1 VP terhadap RVP sebelum dan sesudah pembedahan katup mitral pada pasien SM dengan HP. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang pada 28 pasien SM berat dengan HP sedang dan berat yang menjalani pembedahan katup mitral di Pusat Jantung Nasional Harapan Kita dari bulan April hingga November 2014. Dilakukan analisa statistik untuk mencari korelasi antara kadar ET-1 VP dengan RVP sebelum dan sesudah pembedahan katup mitral. Hasil Penelitian : Terdapat korelasi antara kadar ET-1 VP dengan RVP prabedah (r=0,49, p=0,008), sedangkan dengan RVP pascabedah tidak berkorelasi bermakna (r=0,204, p=0,32). Analisa regresi linear antara kadar ET-1 VP dengan RVP prabedah setelah disesuaikan dengan variabel perancu hipertensi, diabetes melitus tipe 2, fibrilasi atrial, penggunaan penyakat beta dan diuretik didapatkan r=0,5 koefisien β 1,04 dengan interval kepercayaan (IK) 95% (0,401-1,691) p=0,003, sedangkan dengan RVP pascabedah setelah disesuaikan dengan variabel perancu hipertensi, penghambat ACE/ARB, penyakat beta, vasodilator, waktu cross clamp didapatkan r=-0,08 koefisien β -0,2 dengan IK 95 % (-0,99-0,5) p=0,5. Kesimpulan : Terdapat korelasi positif bermakna dengan kekuatan sedang antara kadar ET-1 VP dengan RVP prabedah, Peningkatan kadar ET-1 VP sebesar 1 pg/ml, akan meningkatkan RVP prabedah sebasar 1,04 WU. Kadar ET-1 VP tidak memiliki korelasi bermakna terhadap RVP pascabedah.

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Background : The increased of Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) in mitral stenosis (MS) patient occurs in reactive pulmonary hypertension, and it affects clinical outcome after mitral valve surgery. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) as vasoconstrictive agent have important role in reactive pulmonary hypertension so far there is no study that corelate pulmonary vein (PV) ET-1 with PVR in MS.

Objectives : To study the correlation of PV ET-1 level with PVR measured by echo before and after mitral valve surgery in patient MS with pulmonary hypertension.

Methods : Twenty eight MS patients with moderate and severe pulmonary hypertension who underwent mitral valve surgery at National Cardiovascular Centre Harapan Kita from April to November 2014. Statistical analysis was done to see the correlation of PV ET-1 level with PVR before and after mitral valve surgery. Blood sample was taken from VP in the operating room and analyzed with Quantikine® ELISA ET-1 Immunoassay. PVR was measured by PVR-AMS formula by echocardiography.

Result : There was a correlation between PV ET-1 and PVR pre surgery (r=0,49, p=0,008), whereas, there was no significant correlation with PVR post surgery (r=0,204, p=0,32). Linear regression analysis was performed, PV ET-1 and PVR pre surgery were adjusted to confounding variables hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibilation, use of beta blocker and diuretic; r=0,5 β coefisien level 1,04 with confidance interval (CI) 95 % (0,401-1,691), p=0,003. PVR post surgery was adjusted to confounding variables hypertension, dislipidemia, use of ACE-I/ARB, beta blocker, vasodilator, cross clamp time, r=-0,08 β coefisien level -0,2 with CI 95 % (-0,99-0,5), p=0,5.

Conclusion : There was a moderate positive correlation between PV ET-1 with PVR pre surgery, the increased of PV ET-1 level 1 pg/ml, would increase PVR level 1,04 WU. There was no significant correlation between PV ET-1 with PVR post surgery."

"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang. Pada stenosis mitral sering timbul komplikasi hipertensi pulmoner dan disfungsi ventikel kanan. Belum ada penelitian yang menghubungkan antara resistensi vaskular paru sebelum operasi dengan fungsi jantung kanan saat pasca operasi serta perubahannya pasca operasi stenosis mitral rematik.Metode. Studi ini merupakan studi kohort prospektif pada 31 pasien stenosis mitral rematik yang menjalani operasi katup mitral di Rumah Sakit Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah Harapan Kita sejak April 2014 sampai Maret 2015. Pasien menjalani pemeriksaan ekokardiografi sebelum operasi, sebelum pulang perawatan pasca operasi serta saat follow up mid term di poliklinik. Dilakukan analisa statistik untuk melihat hubungan antara resistensi vaskular paru (RVP) pra operasi dengan strain longitudinal ventrikel kanan saat follow up mid term serta perubahan strain longitudinal ventrikel kanan pasca operasi (delta strain).Hasil. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara RVP pra operasi dengan strain longitudinal speckle tracking ventrikel kanan saat follow up mid term pasca operasi (r 0,199 p 0,264) serta dengan perubahan strain longitudinal ventrikel kanan pasca operasi atau delta strain (r 0,174 p 0,350).Kesimpulan. Resistensi vaskular paru pra operasi tidak berhubungan dengan strain longitudinal speckle tracking ventrikel kanan saat follow up mid term pasca operasi serta dengan perubahan strain longitudinal ventrikel kanan pasca operasi atau delta strain.

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ABSTRACTBackground. In MS right ventikel (RV) dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension often occur as complication. There is no research that connects the pulmonary vascular resistance before surgery with RV function and its changes in the case of rheumatic mitral stenosis who underwent mitral valve surgery.Methods. This study is a prospective cohort study which involves 31 patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis who underwent surgery at National Cardiovaskular Center Harapan Kita Hospital from April 2014 to March 2015. Patients underwent echocardiography before surgery, after surgery pre-hospital discharge and mid-term follow-up at clinic. Statistical analysis was performed to see the relationship between preoperative pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) with RV function at mid term follow up, which is assessed using echocardiographic parameters right ventricular longitudinal speckle strain, and also with right ventricle longitudinal speckle strain postoperative changes (delta strain).Results. There is no correlation between pre operative PVR with RV longitudinal speckle strain at mid term follow-up (r 0,199 p 0,264), and post operative changes or delta strain (r 0.174 p 0.350).Conclusion. RVP before surgery is not associated with right ventricle longitudinal speckle strain at follow up mid term and post operative changes or delta strain., Background. Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease is still regarded as animportant public health problem especially in developing countries. Mitral stenosis (MS) is asequale of rheumatic fever which are most commonly found. In MS right ventikel (RV)dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension often occur as complication. The right ventricle hasa smaller muscle mass so it is more sensitive to changes in pressure loads. There is noresearch that connects the pulmonary vaskular resistance before surgery with RV functionand also changes in the case of rheumatic mitral stenosis who underwent mitral valvesurgery.Methods. This study is a prospective cohort study which involves 31 patients with rheumaticmitral stenosis who underwent surgery at National Cardiovaskular Center Harapan Kita Hospital from April 2014 to March 2015. Patients underwent echocardiography before surgery, after surgery pre-hospital discharge and mid-term follow-up at clinic. Statisticalanalysis was performed to see changes in RV function with longitudinal speckle strain, aftersurgery pre-hospital discharge and mid-term follow-up at clinic. Analysis also performed tosee the relationship between preoperative pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) with RVfunction at mid term follow up, which is assessed using echocardiographic parameters rightventricular longitudinal speckle strain, and also with right ventricle longitudinal specklestrain postoperative changes (delta strain). Results. Right ventricular function after surgery seen with longitudinal speckle strainimproved from -12.94 ± 3.63 preoperatively into -13.06 ± 3.63 after surgery pre hospitaldischarge, and -15.25 ± 3.75 at follow-up evaluation (p 0.007). There is no correlationbetween pre operative PVR with longitudinal speckle strain at mid term follow-up (r 0,199 p0,264), and RV longitudinal speckle strain post operative changes or delta strain (r 0.174 p0.350). Conclusion. After mitral valve surgery, right ventricle longitudinal speckle strain improves.RVP before surgery is not associated with right ventricle longitudinal speckle strain at follow up mid term and right ventricle longitudinal speckle strain post operative changes or deltastrain. ]"

"Latar Belakang : Hipertensi pulmoner (HP) merupakan faktor independen kematian, kematian kardiovaskular, dan gagal jantung pada pengamatan 4 tahun pasien pascabedah katup mitral. Masalah pasien pascabedah thoraks adalah menurunnya fisiologi dan mekanik paru yang menyebabkan gangguan ventilasi perfusi dan hypoxia induced pulmonary vasoconstriction sehingga perbaikan HP pascabedah menjadi lambat. Tujuan Penelitian : Menilai efek latihan pernapasan sebagai adjuvan latihan fisik yang terstruktur terhadap penurunan tekanan sistolik arteri pulmoner (TSAP) pada pasien pascabedah katup mitral dengan hipertensi pulmoner. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental acak tersamar ganda dan prospektif. Kelompok perlakuan diberikan latihan pernapasan 50% volume inspirasi maksimal (VIM) sebagai adjuvan latihan fisik atau plasebo pada kelompok kontrol selama rehabilitasi fase 2. Sampel diambil secara konsekutif dari populasi terjangkau pascaoperasi katup mitral yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Didapatkan 43 subyek yang terbagi dalam 2 kelompok yakni 21 orang kelompok perlakuan dan 22 orang kelompok kontrol. TSAP dinilai dengan ekokardiografi sebelum dan sesudah program latihan. Hasil Penelitian : Didapatkan nilai TSAP sesudah latihan pada kelompok kontrol lebih rendah secara signifikan (35 (29-39) mmHg vs 43 (40-51) mmHg;P<0.001) dan ∆TSAP kelompok perlakuan lebih besar secara signifikan (16 (12-30) mmHg vs 3.5 (2-4) mmHg;P<0.001) bila dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulan : Terdapat penurunan TSAP yang lebih besar pada kelompok yang mendapatkan latihan pernapasan 50% VIM dibanding kelompok plasebo.

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Background: Pulmonary hypertension is an independent factor for mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and heart failure in four years observation of patients underwent mitral valve operation. In patient with open chest surgery, lung physiology and mechanic function deteriorates. This leads to ventilation perfusion mismatch and hypoxia induced pulmonary vasoconstriction, causing problems in recovery post operatively.

Objectives: To study the effect of respiratory training as an adjuvant to structured physical exercise in the decrease of pulmonary artery systolic pressure in patient with pulmonary hypertension post mitral valve surgery.

Methods: a double blind randomized trial was done, dividing 2 groups of subjects. It company the effect of respiratory training of 50% of maximum inspiratory volume (MIV) as an adjuvant intervention to the current phase 2 rehabilitation program in intervention group vs control group. Sample was taken consecutively in patient underwent mitral valve operation and fulfilled inclusion criteria. 43 subjects were divided in 2 groups. 21 patients were given respiratory training and 22 patients were in the placebo group. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) was measured by echocardiography before and after intervention was performed.

Result: sPAP and ∆sPAP in the intervention group were significantly lower compare to the placebo group; (35 (29-39) mmHg vs 43 (40-51) mmHg; p<0.001) and (16 (12-30) mmHg vs 3.5 (2-4) mmHg; p<0.001).

Conclusion: The decrease of sPAP was found to be significantly higher in the intervention group than placebo."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Studi sebelumnya menyimpulkan bahwa mitral valve gradient (MVG) merupakan parameter selain area katup mitral (AKM) yang berhubungan dengan perbaikan gejala pasca komisurotomi mitral transkateter perkutan (KMTP). Oleh karena itu, studi diperlukan untuk menjelaskan hubungan MVG terhadap perbaikan gejala secara objektif, dalam bentuk kapasitas fungsional.Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi hubungan MVG terhadap perubahan kapasitas fungsional pasca KMTP.Bahan dan Metode: Studi quasi experimental dengan one group pre-post design terhadap 78 subjek. Pemeriksaan ekokardiografi dan treadmill Bruce termodifikasi dilakukan 1-2 hari sebelum dan 1-2 minggu setelah KMTP. Data sebelum dan setelah KMTP dianalisis untuk mencari hubungan variabel terhadap perbaikan kapasitas fungsional pasca KMTP. Perbaikan kapasitas fungsional didefinisikan sebagai perubahan lama latihan > 180 detik pasca KMTP.Hasil: Rerata usia adalah 42 tahun, mayoritas perempuan (3,6:1) dengan rerata IMT 22,27 kg/m2. Sebesar 5,1% pasien merokok dengan komorbid stroke sebesar 14,1%. Sebelum KMTP, 53% memiliki irama sinus dengan mayoritas memiliki fungsi ventrikel kiri yang baik (rerata ejeksi fraksi 62%) dan fungsi ventrikal kanan yang baik (median tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) 20 mm). Sebesar 97% pasien datang dengan kelas NYHA II sebelum KMTP dan mengalami perbaikan signifikan kapasitas fungsional pasca KMTP berupa perbaikan median lama latihan (241(18-1080) ke 603(30-1900) detik, p < 0,001) dan perbaikan median nilai VO2max estimasi (18,8(10,2-51,4) ke 32,8(10,6-83,2) mlO2/kg/menit, p<0,001). Dari uji korelasi, didapatkan variabel usia (r -0,23, adjusted R2=4,1%), pre-MVG (r 0,23, adjusted R2=4,2%), Δ MVG (r 0,31, adjusted R2= 9,0%) , dan pre-TR Vmax (r 0,3, adjusted R2=1,3%) berkorelasi terhadap perubahan kapasitas fungsional. Perbaikan kapasitas fungsional segera pasca KMTP tidak berhubungan dengan AKM pasca KMTP ≥ 1,5 cm2 (p= 0,14) dan perubahan AKM ≥ 200% pasca KMTP (p= 0,18). Penurunan MVG > 50 % pasca KMTP (OR 2,89, IK 95% 1,06-7,92; p = 0,038) dan TR Vmax sebelum KMTP > 3,4 m/s (OR 3,42, IK 95% 1,19-9,83; p = 0,023) merupakan prediktor perbaikan kapasitas fungsional segera pasca KMTP.Kesimpulan: Penurunan MVG lebih dari 50% pasca KMTP berhubungan dengan perbaikan kapasitas fungsional segera pasca KMTP.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: Previous studies had shown that mitral valve gradient (MVG) was other parameter than mitral valve area (MVA) which had correlation with symptom improvement post baloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV). However, further study is needed to illuminate the assocation of MVG with clinical improvement objectively, in term of functional capacity.Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between MVG and functional capacity alteration after BMV.Material and Methods: Quasi exsperimental study with one group pre-post design was applied in 78 subjects. Echocardiography and Modified Bruce Protocol assessment were done 1-2 days before and 1-2 weeks after BMV. Pre and post data were analized to obtain association of variables with functional capacity alteration immediately after BMV. Improvement of functional capacity was defined as alteration of exercise time more than 180 seconds after KMTP.Results: The mean age was 42 y.o, female dominant (3,6:1), mean BMI was 22,27 kg/m2. Of 5,1% patient were smoker with most commonly observed comorbidities include stroke (14,1%). Majority 53% had sinus rhythm with dominant good left ventricular function (mean ejection fraction 62%) and good right ventricular function (median tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) 20 mm). Of 97% patients presented with NYHA class II before BMV with significant improvement of functional capacity after BMV such as median exercise time alteration (241(18-1080) to 603(30-1900) s, p < 0,001) and median estimate VO2 max value alteration (18,8(10,2-51,4) to 32,8(10,6-83,2) mlO2/kg/minute, p<0,001). From correlation test, age (r -0,23, adjusted R2=4,1%), pre-MVG (r 0,23, adjusted R2=4,2%), Δ MVG (r 0,31, adjusted R2= 9,0%), and pre-TR Vmax (r 0,3, adjusted R2=1,3%) were corelated with functional capacity alteration. Improvement of functional capacity did not significantly associate with post MVA>1,5 cm2 (p= 0,14) and AKM alteration after BMV ≥ 200% (p= 0,18). Reduction of MVG > 50 % after BMV (OR 2,89, 95% CI 1,06-7,92; p = 0,038) and TR Vmax before BMV > 3,4 m/s (OR 3,42, 95% CI 1,19-9,83; p = 0,023) were predictor of functional capacity improvement immediately after BMV.Conclusions: Reduction of MVG more than 50% had association with immediate improvement of functional capacity post BMV."

"Tujuan : Menilai korelasi antara kelentutan atrioventrikular (Cn) dengan tekanan sistolik arteri pulmonal dan besarnya penurunan tekanan arteri pulmonal segera setelah dilakukan komisurotomi mitral transvena perkutan (KMTP). Latar Belakang : Pada pasien stenosis mitral (SM) terjadinya peningkatan tekanan arteri pulmonal dan beratnya gambaran klinis tidak selalu berkaitan dengan area efektif katup mitral (MVA) serta perbedaan tekanan transmitral (MVG) karena beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelenturan atrioventrikular (Cn) juga mempengaruhi. Metode : Merupakan studi potong lintang yang dilakukan pada 30 pasien SM berat yang menjalani KMTP di PJNHK dari bulan Januari 2008 s/d oktober 2010. Pasien dibagi 2 kelompok, yakni kelompok I dengan Cn ::; 4 ml/mmHg dan kelompok II dengan Cn > 4 ml/mmHg. Pemeriksaan ekokardiografi dengan Vivid 7 dilakukan sebelum KMTP dan dalam 24 sampai 72 jam setelah KMTP. Cn ditentukan dengan persamaan : Cn = 1,270 (MV A I E-wave downslope), dan tekanan sistolik arteri pulmonal (sPAP) =Tricuspid valve gradient (TVG) + 10 mmHg. Hasil : Dari 194 subjek yang menjalani KMTP didapatkan sampel 30 orang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Proporsi kasus SM pada penelitian ini lebih banyak pada perempuan yaitu 70% dan usia rata- rata 36 tahun. Perbandingan sPAP pada kedua kelompok, baik sebelum ( 66,8 ± 21,7 mmHg V s 71,5 ± 31,5 mmHg, P = 0,64) maupun setelah KMTP ( 49,3 ± 10,8 mmHg Vs 56,4 ± 19,9 mmHg, P = 0,31) tidak berbeda bermakna, demikian pula besamya penurunan sPAP setelah KMTP pada kedua kelompok tidak berbeda bermakna ( 17,7 ± 15 mmHg Vs 15,7 ± 15,8 mmHg, P = 0,60). Kesimpulan : Kelenturan atrioventrikular (Cn) tidak mempengaruhi tekanan arteri pulmonal dan besamya perubahan tekanan arteri pulmonal segera setelah KMTP.

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Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation beetwen Cn with systolic artery pulmonal and the magnitude of decreasing systolic pulmonary pressure after balloon mitral valvuloplasty. Background : In patients with mitral stenosis (MS), the increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and severity of the clinical symptom are not only related to the mitral valve area and mitral vave gradient, but also related to the atrioventricular compliance (Cn). Methods : This is a cross sectional study in Thirty patients with severe mitral stenosis underwent Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasthy (BMV) procedure in NCCHKfrom January 2008 until October 20 I I. The patients were divided into two group, group I with Cn ~ 4 ml/mmHg and group II with Cn > 4 ml/mmHg. Echocardiograpy was done before BMV and 24 unti/72 hours after BMVwith vivid 7. Cn was derivedfrom the equation that has been previously validated (ie, Cn = I270 x [MV area by PHT I mitral Ewave downslope] and systolic pulmonary artery pressure(sPAP) = Tricuspid valve gradient (TV G) + I 0 mmHg. Results : There were I94 patients underwent BMV, but only 30 patients meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The women proportion were 70% and average of ages were 36 years old. The systolic pulmonary artery pressure in both group were not difference before ( 66,8 ± 2I, 7 mmHg Vs 7I,5 ± 3I,5 mmHg, P = 0,64) and after BMV ( 49,3 ± I0,8 mmHg Vs 56,4 ± I9,9 mmHg, P = 0,3I) and also the magnitude of decreasing systolic pulmonary artery pressure after BMV not difference between the groups. Conclusion: In patients with severe mitral stenosis, atrioventricular compliance was not affected systolic pulmonary artery pressure before and after BMV nor the magnitude of systolic pulmonaty artery pressure after BMV."

"Latar belakang : Stenosis mitral (SM) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang penting di Indonesia. Pada SM terjadi peningkatan kadar P selectin karena disfungsi endotel dan aktivasi platelet. Komisurotomi mitral transvena perkutan (KMTP) merupakan tatalaksana baku untuk penderita SM yang dapat memperbaiki kemampuan aktivitas fisik yang pada akhirnya akan mempengaruhi kadar P selectin. Belum ada penelitian yang menghubungkan antara tingkat aktifitas fisik dengan kadar P Selectin 3 bulan pasca KMTP pada SM rematik. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang. Dari 56 subyek penelitian yang menjalani KMTP sejak bulan Mei 2013 sampai Februari 2014 di Rumah Sakit Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah Harapan Kita, didapatkan 35 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria penerimaan . Data klinis dan data ekokardiografi sebelum dan 3 bulan pasca KMTP diambil dari catatan medis. Dilakukan wawancara 3 bulan pasca KMTP. Tingkat aktivitas fisik dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok: kelompok 1 1-4 METs, kelompok 2 > 4 METs. Kadar P selectin diambil 3 bulan pasca KMTP. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisa statistik untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat aktivitas fisik dengan kadar P Selectin 3 bulan pasca KMTP pada SM rematik. Hasil : Pasien yang akan menjalani KMTP memiliki rerata usia 40,00±11,58 tahun dengan proporsi perempuan lebih tinggi daripada laki-laki (74,3%) dan dengan proporsi irama sinus yang lebih tinggi daripada irama atrial (57,1%). Dari uji T didapatkan ada perbedaan bermakna rata-rata kadar P selectin 3 bulan pasca KMTP pada tingkat aktivitas fisik 1-4 METs dan > 4 METs, dimana rerata kadar P selectin 3 bulan pasca KMTP pada tingkat aktivitas fisik > 4 METs lebih rendah secara bermakna dibandingkan 1-4 METs (p=0,003). Setelah dilakukan analisa multivariat terlihat tingkat aktivitas fisik pasca KMTP tetap berpengaruh terhadap kadar P Selectin 3 bulan pasca KMTP (p=0,001). Area Katup Mitral (AKM) pasca KMTP berpengaruh terhadap kadar P selectin 3 bulan pasca KMTP (p=0,018), namun tingkat aktivitas fisik pasca KMTP lebih besar pengaruhnya dibandingkan AKM. Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan antara tingkat aktivitas fisik dengan kadar P selectin 3 bulan pasca KMTP dimana pada tingkat aktivitas yang lebih tinggi ( > 4 METs) kadar P selectin lebih rendah 10,489 ug/ml dibandingkan tingkatan aktivitas fisik 1-4 METs.

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Background : Mitral stenosis (MS) is an important health problem in Indonesia. P selectin level in MS increases due to endothelial dysfunction and platelet activation. Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) is one of the management for MS patients. Thus, the physical activity can improve and in turn affect the level of P selectin. There has been no study link the level of physical activity with the level of P Selectin 3 months after of PTMC.

Method : This is a cross sectional study with 56 subjects who underwent PTMC from May 2013 to February 2014 at the Hospital of National Heart Centre Harapan Kita. Then, 35 samples met the inclusion criteria. Clinical and echocardiography data before and 3 months after PTMC were taken from medical records. Interviews were conducted 3 months after PTMC. Physical activity levels were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (1-4 METs) and group 2 (> 4 METs). Sample for P selectin was taken 3 months after PTMC. Further statistical analysis was done to determine the relationship between physical activity level with level of P Selectin 3 months after PTMC in rheumatic MS.

Result : Patients who will undergo PTMC have the mean age of 40.00 ± 11.58 years with a higher proportion of women than men (74.3%) and the proportion of sinus rhythm is higher than atrial rhythm (57.1%) . T-test analysis result showed significant difference in the average levels of P selectin 3 months after PTMC on the level of physical activity 1-4 METs and > 4 METs. The average P selectin levels on the level of physical activity in group with > 4 METs was significantly lower compared with group 1-4 METs (p = 0.003). After multivariate analysis, the physical activity level still has an effect on the P selectin levels 3 months after PTMC (p = 0.001). The Mitral Valve Area (MVA) after PTMC also has an effect on P selectin levels (p = 0.018). However, the level of physical activity after PTMC has a greater effect than MVA.

Conclusion : There is a relationship between the level of physical activity with P selectin levels 3 months after PTMC.Group with higher activity level (> 4 METs) have lower level of P selectin (with the mean difference levels of P Selectin 10,489 ug/ml)."

"Latar belakang: Operasi maze untuk mengkoreksi fibrilasi atrium atrial fibrillation, AF bersamaan dengan operasi katup mitral sudah cukup diketahui manfaatnya, akan tetapi keberhasilan operasi maze pada kasus reumatik masih diragukan. Beberapa penelitian tidak menyarankan operasi maze pada kasus reumatik, sedangkan etiologi reumatik merupakan penyebab tersering penyakit jantung katup di Indonesia. Kami mencoba melakukan penelitian untuk melihat pengaruh etiologi reumatik terhadap keberhasilan operasi maze di Rumah Sakit Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah Harapan Kita, Indonesia.Metode: Penelitian kohort restrospektif dengan mengambil data 55 pasien yang menjalani operasi katup mitral dan maze pada Januari 2012 sampai Januari 2017 secara consecutive sampling. Etiologi penyakit katup mitral dikelompokkan menjadi reumatik 33 sampel dan degeneratif 22 sampel. Kemudian dicatat irama pada 7 hari, 1 bulan, dan 3 bulan pascaoperasi, serta faktor perancu dan karakteristik dasar sampel.Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna angka bebas AF pada kedua grup p>0,05 . Perbedaan bermakna ditemukan antara rerata umur dan jenis kelamin pada kedua grup etiologi. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada variabel lain.Simpulan: Keberhasilan operasi maze sebanding pada kedua etiologi penyakit katup mitral, sehingga dapat diterapkan pada kedua jenis etiologi.

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Backgrounds: The benefits of maze surgery to correct atrial fibrillation AF concomittant with mitral valve surgery is well known, but the outcome of maze surgery in rheumatic cases remains in doubt. Some studies do not recommend maze surgery in rheumatic cases, whereas rheumatic etiology is the most common etiology of valvular heart diseases in Indonesia. We are trying to do a research to see the relationship of rheumatic etiology on the outcome of maze surgery at Rumah Sakit Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah Harapan Kita, Indonesia.

Methods: This is a restrospective cohort study. We collected from medical records of 55 patients underwent mitral and maze valve surgery from January 2012 to January 2017 by consecutive sampling. The etiology of mitral valve disease are grouped into 33 rheumatic samples and 22 degenerative samples. Then we recorded the heart rhythm on 7 days, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively, as well as confounding factors and basic characteristics of the sample.

Results: There was no significant difference in the freedom of AF in both groups p 0.05 . Significant differences were found between mean age and sex in both etiologic groups. There was no significant difference in other variables.

Conclusions: The outcome maze surgery is comparable in both the etiology of mitral valve disease, thus it can be applied equally to both etiologies."

"ABSTRAKPendahuluan Keputusan untuk melakukan tindakan operasi reparasi dan replace katup mitral pada stenosis mitral masih diperdebatkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mencari hubunganantara Wilkin?s score dengan keputusan operasi reparasi dan replace katup mitralpada stenosis mitral, serta mencari titik potong nilai Wilkins? score pada operasireparasi dan replace katup mitralMetodePenelitian adalah deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional secararetrospektif mencakup seluruh pasien dari RS Harapan Kita Jakarta yang dilakukanoperasi stenosis mitral pada Januari 2010 ? September 2015 oleh satu orang dokterbedah Jantung. Hubungan Wilkins? score dengan keputusan operasi serta nilai titikpotong Wilkins? score pada operasi reparasi dan replace menjadi luaran yang akanditeliti.HasilSeratus dua puluh lima subjek dengan usia rata-rata kelompok reparasi 36,78 ± 9,37tahun dan replace 44,49 ± 9,29 tahun. Didapatkan nilai mean Wilkins? score padakelompok reparasi 6,5 (4-12) dan kelompok replace 8 (4-14) dengan nilai signifikansip<0,001. Dengan area under curve 0,786 dan p<0,001, dapat dinilai titik potongWilkins? score berada pada nilai 7. Dengan memerhatikan variabel lain yangmenunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan pada analisis bivariat yaitu usia,regurgitasi mitral dan Euro score, dilakukan analisis multivariate dengan uji regresilogistic didapatkan area under curve 0,946 dan p<0,001, dapat dinilai titik potongWilkins? score berada pada 5. KesimpulanWilkins? score berhubungan dalam pengambilan keputusan tindakan operasi reparasidan replace katup pada subjek dengan stenosis mitral, dengan titik poin pada putusanoperasi reparasi dan replace yaitu Wilkins? score 7. Jika Wilkins? scoremempertimbangkan faktor usia, regurgitasi mitral dan Euro score titik poin padaputusan operasi reparasi dan replace yaitu Wilkins? score 5.

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ABSTRACTIntroductionDecision on the repair and replacement of mitral valve surgery in mitral stenosispatients is still being debated. The aim for this research is to find the relationshipbetween Wilkins? score and the decision between repair and replacing mitral valve inmitral stenosis cases, and to find the cut off point for Wilkins?score in the mitralvalve repair and replacement procedureMethodsThe research is an analytic descriptive study with restrospective cross sectionaldesign. This research covered all patients of Harapan Kita Hospital for Heart andBlood vessels that had mitral stenosis operations from January of 2010 untilSeptember 2015 that is conducted by one of the surgeon in that hospital. Therelationship between Wilkin?s score and the decision to operate and the cut of pointof the Wilkins? score on the repair and replacement decision is the outcome that weare going to study in this research.ResultsOne hundred and twenty five subjects with the mean age of repair 36,78 ± 9,37 yearsold and replacement age of 44,49 ± 9,29 years old. We found that the mean ofWilkins? score in the reparation group is 6,5 (4-12) and in the replacement group is 8(4-14) with the significance value is p <0,001. With area under the curve of 0,786 andp<0,001 we can see that the the cut off point for Wilkins? score is 7. By seeing othervariables to show the significance between all bivariates variable such as age, mitralregurgitation and Euro score, we conducted multivariate analysis of regression testwe found area under the curve 0,946 with p<0,001. We can assess that the cut offpoint of Wilkins? score is 5 ConclusionWilkins score is related with decision making of valve repair and replacmentprocedure in patients with mitral stenosis with poin between decision is 7. If Wilkinsscore consider other factors such as age, the presence of mitral regurgitation and EuroScore the point that determine the decision to repair and replace mitral valve isWilkins? score 5."