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"[ABSTRAKKanker payudara adalah penyakit multifaktor yang mengakibatkan insiden kematian wanita tertinggi di dunia. Pengobatan kanker payudara berupa pembedahan, radioterapi, dan kemoterapi memiliki efek samping sehingga perlu pengobatan alternatif, salah satunya menggunakan bahan herbal. Daun sirsak (Annona muricata Linn) dilaporkan memiliki efek antitumor dan sitotoksik, tetapi penelitian in vivo terhadap kanker payudara masih sedikit, dibutuhkan penelitian lanjut mengenai efektivitas dan jalur penghambatan daun sirsak terhadap berbagai kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat dan dosis efektif ekstrak metanol daun sirsak (Annona muricata Linn) terhadap pertumbuhan tumor payudara mencit C3H secara in vivo. Sebanyak 30 ekor mencit galur C3H yang ditransplan dengan tumor payudara dari mencit C3H donor bertumor, dibagi dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kontrol negatif hanya diberi pelarut CMC 0,5%, kontrol positif diberi doksorubisin, kelompok pemberian ekstrak daun sirsak dosis 15, 30, dan 45 mg/kg BB. Setiap mencit dicekok ekstrak daun sirsak 0,2 cc per hari selama 21 hari, sedangkan kelompok kontrol positif diberikan doksorubisin secara intra vena 0,03 μg/20g BB seminggu sekali selama 21 hari. Panjang dan lebar tumor diukur di awal dan seminggu sekali selama perlakuan untuk mendapatkan data volume tumor. Pada akhir penelitian mencit dinekropsi, tumor mencit ditimbang dan dilakukan pewarnaan AgNOR untuk diukur aktivitas proliferasi sel. Hasil uji Anova menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,007) antar perlakuan terhadap volume tumor akhir dan terhadap aktivitas proliferasi (p=0,001). Uji Kruskal Wallis terhadap berat tumor menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antar perlakuan (p=0,03). Hasil uji korelasi Spearman secara bermakna (p=0,03) menunjukkan ada korelasi positif antara aktivitas proliferasi sel dengan pertumbuhan volume tumor dengan kekuatan korelasi yang lemah (r=0,39). Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak metanol daun sirsak (Annona muricata Linn) dapat menghambat laju pertumbuhan volume tumor dan aktivitas proliferasi sel kanker payudara mencit C3H dan optimum penghambatan pada dosis 30 mg/kg

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ABSTRACTBB.;Breast cancer is a multifactor disease that has been a leading cause of woman?s mortality. Treatments for breast cancer such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have their own side effects, so that alternative treatments such as herbal medicine are needed. Soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) has been reported to have antitumor and cytotoxic effects, but only few conducted in vivo, an advanced research is needed to find the effectiveness and the inhibition pathway of the soursop leaf. The purpose of this research is to find out the inhibition capacity and the effective dose of soursop leaf methanol extract (Annona muricata Linn) against the development of C3H mice?s breast cancer in vivo. There were thirty mice of C3H strain which were transplanted with breast tumor and they were divided into five groups consisting of negative control group which was given only solvent CMC 0.5%, a positive control group which was given doxorubicin, a dose group of 15 mg/kg BB, a dose group of 30 mg/kg BB, and a dose group of 45 mg/kg BB. Each mouse was given 0,2 cc soursop leaf extract every day for 21 days while the positive control group was given doxorubicin 0,03 μg/20 gram BB once a week for 21 days intravenously. The length and the width of the tumor were measured at the beginning and also measured once a week during the experiment process to gain the data of the tumor volume. At the end of the research, the tumor of the mice was lifted and weighed and it was stained by AgNOR to measure the proliferation activity of the cell. The Anova result showed that there was a significant difference (p=0,007) between treatment against the development of tumor which was marked by the decrease of the tumor volume and proliferation activity (p=0,001). The Kruskal Wallis result showed that there was no significant difference (p<0,33) in the tumor weight. Spearman correlation study significantly (p=0,03) indicated that there was a positive correlation between the cell proliferation activity and the growth of the tumor but in a weak correlation (r=0,39). Therefore, it could be concluded that the methanol extract of soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) can inhibit the growth rate of tumor volume as well as the proliferation activity of the breast cancer cell of C3H mice and it worked optimally at 30 mg/kg BB dose.;Breast cancer is a multifactor disease that has been a leading cause of woman?s mortality. Treatments for breast cancer such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have their own side effects, so that alternative treatments such as herbal medicine are needed. Soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) has been reported to have antitumor and cytotoxic effects, but only few conducted in vivo, an advanced research is needed to find the effectiveness and the inhibition pathway of the soursop leaf. The purpose of this research is to find out the inhibition capacity and the effective dose of soursop leaf methanol extract (Annona muricata Linn) against the development of C3H mice?s breast cancer in vivo. There were thirty mice of C3H strain which were transplanted with breast tumor and they were divided into five groups consisting of negative control group which was given only solvent CMC 0.5%, a positive control group which was given doxorubicin, a dose group of 15 mg/kg BB, a dose group of 30 mg/kg BB, and a dose group of 45 mg/kg BB. Each mouse was given 0,2 cc soursop leaf extract every day for 21 days while the positive control group was given doxorubicin 0,03 μg/20 gram BB once a week for 21 days intravenously. The length and the width of the tumor were measured at the beginning and also measured once a week during the experiment process to gain the data of the tumor volume. At the end of the research, the tumor of the mice was lifted and weighed and it was stained by AgNOR to measure the proliferation activity of the cell. The Anova result showed that there was a significant difference (p=0,007) between treatment against the development of tumor which was marked by the decrease of the tumor volume and proliferation activity (p=0,001). The Kruskal Wallis result showed that there was no significant difference (p<0,33) in the tumor weight. Spearman correlation study significantly (p=0,03) indicated that there was a positive correlation between the cell proliferation activity and the growth of the tumor but in a weak correlation (r=0,39). Therefore, it could be concluded that the methanol extract of soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) can inhibit the growth rate of tumor volume as well as the proliferation activity of the breast cancer cell of C3H mice and it worked optimally at 30 mg/kg BB dose.;Breast cancer is a multifactor disease that has been a leading cause of woman?s mortality. Treatments for breast cancer such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have their own side effects, so that alternative treatments such as herbal medicine are needed. Soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) has been reported to have antitumor and cytotoxic effects, but only few conducted in vivo, an advanced research is needed to find the effectiveness and the inhibition pathway of the soursop leaf. The purpose of this research is to find out the inhibition capacity and the effective dose of soursop leaf methanol extract (Annona muricata Linn) against the development of C3H mice?s breast cancer in vivo. There were thirty mice of C3H strain which were transplanted with breast tumor and they were divided into five groups consisting of negative control group which was given only solvent CMC 0.5%, a positive control group which was given doxorubicin, a dose group of 15 mg/kg BB, a dose group of 30 mg/kg BB, and a dose group of 45 mg/kg BB. Each mouse was given 0,2 cc soursop leaf extract every day for 21 days while the positive control group was given doxorubicin 0,03 μg/20 gram BB once a week for 21 days intravenously. The length and the width of the tumor were measured at the beginning and also measured once a week during the experiment process to gain the data of the tumor volume. At the end of the research, the tumor of the mice was lifted and weighed and it was stained by AgNOR to measure the proliferation activity of the cell. The Anova result showed that there was a significant difference (p=0,007) between treatment against the development of tumor which was marked by the decrease of the tumor volume and proliferation activity (p=0,001). The Kruskal Wallis result showed that there was no significant difference (p<0,33) in the tumor weight. Spearman correlation study significantly (p=0,03) indicated that there was a positive correlation between the cell proliferation activity and the growth of the tumor but in a weak correlation (r=0,39). Therefore, it could be concluded that the methanol extract of soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) can inhibit the growth rate of tumor volume as well as the proliferation activity of the breast cancer cell of C3H mice and it worked optimally at 30 mg/kg BB dose.;Breast cancer is a multifactor disease that has been a leading cause of woman?s mortality. Treatments for breast cancer such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have their own side effects, so that alternative treatments such as herbal medicine are needed. Soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) has been reported to have antitumor and cytotoxic effects, but only few conducted in vivo, an advanced research is needed to find the effectiveness and the inhibition pathway of the soursop leaf. The purpose of this research is to find out the inhibition capacity and the effective dose of soursop leaf methanol extract (Annona muricata Linn) against the development of C3H mice?s breast cancer in vivo. There were thirty mice of C3H strain which were transplanted with breast tumor and they were divided into five groups consisting of negative control group which was given only solvent CMC 0.5%, a positive control group which was given doxorubicin, a dose group of 15 mg/kg BB, a dose group of 30 mg/kg BB, and a dose group of 45 mg/kg BB. Each mouse was given 0,2 cc soursop leaf extract every day for 21 days while the positive control group was given doxorubicin 0,03 μg/20 gram BB once a week for 21 days intravenously. The length and the width of the tumor were measured at the beginning and also measured once a week during the experiment process to gain the data of the tumor volume. At the end of the research, the tumor of the mice was lifted and weighed and it was stained by AgNOR to measure the proliferation activity of the cell. The Anova result showed that there was a significant difference (p=0,007) between treatment against the development of tumor which was marked by the decrease of the tumor volume and proliferation activity (p=0,001). The Kruskal Wallis result showed that there was no significant difference (p<0,33) in the tumor weight. Spearman correlation study significantly (p=0,03) indicated that there was a positive correlation between the cell proliferation activity and the growth of the tumor but in a weak correlation (r=0,39). Therefore, it could be concluded that the methanol extract of soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) can inhibit the growth rate of tumor volume as well as the proliferation activity of the breast cancer cell of C3H mice and it worked optimally at 30 mg/kg BB dose.;Breast cancer is a multifactor disease that has been a leading cause of woman’s mortality. Treatments for breast cancer such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have their own side effects, so that alternative treatments such as herbal medicine are needed. Soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) has been reported to have antitumor and cytotoxic effects, but only few conducted in vivo, an advanced research is needed to find the effectiveness and the inhibition pathway of the soursop leaf. The purpose of this research is to find out the inhibition capacity and the effective dose of soursop leaf methanol extract (Annona muricata Linn) against the development of C3H mice’s breast cancer in vivo. There were thirty mice of C3H strain which were transplanted with breast tumor and they were divided into five groups consisting of negative control group which was given only solvent CMC 0.5%, a positive control group which was given doxorubicin, a dose group of 15 mg/kg BB, a dose group of 30 mg/kg BB, and a dose group of 45 mg/kg BB. Each mouse was given 0,2 cc soursop leaf extract every day for 21 days while the positive control group was given doxorubicin 0,03 μg/20 gram BB once a week for 21 days intravenously. The length and the width of the tumor were measured at the beginning and also measured once a week during the experiment process to gain the data of the tumor volume. At the end of the research, the tumor of the mice was lifted and weighed and it was stained by AgNOR to measure the proliferation activity of the cell. The Anova result showed that there was a significant difference (p=0,007) between treatment against the development of tumor which was marked by the decrease of the tumor volume and proliferation activity (p=0,001). The Kruskal Wallis result showed that there was no significant difference (p<0,33) in the tumor weight. Spearman correlation study significantly (p=0,03) indicated that there was a positive correlation between the cell proliferation activity and the growth of the tumor but in a weak correlation (r=0,39). Therefore, it could be concluded that the methanol extract of soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) can inhibit the growth rate of tumor volume as well as the proliferation activity of the breast cancer cell of C3H mice and it worked optimally at 30 mg/kg BB dose.;Breast cancer is a multifactor disease that has been a leading cause of woman’s mortality. Treatments for breast cancer such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have their own side effects, so that alternative treatments such as herbal medicine are needed. Soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) has been reported to have antitumor and cytotoxic effects, but only few conducted in vivo, an advanced research is needed to find the effectiveness and the inhibition pathway of the soursop leaf. The purpose of this research is to find out the inhibition capacity and the effective dose of soursop leaf methanol extract (Annona muricata Linn) against the development of C3H mice’s breast cancer in vivo. There were thirty mice of C3H strain which were transplanted with breast tumor and they were divided into five groups consisting of negative control group which was given only solvent CMC 0.5%, a positive control group which was given doxorubicin, a dose group of 15 mg/kg BB, a dose group of 30 mg/kg BB, and a dose group of 45 mg/kg BB. Each mouse was given 0,2 cc soursop leaf extract every day for 21 days while the positive control group was given doxorubicin 0,03 μg/20 gram BB once a week for 21 days intravenously. The length and the width of the tumor were measured at the beginning and also measured once a week during the experiment process to gain the data of the tumor volume. At the end of the research, the tumor of the mice was lifted and weighed and it was stained by AgNOR to measure the proliferation activity of the cell. The Anova result showed that there was a significant difference (p=0,007) between treatment against the development of tumor which was marked by the decrease of the tumor volume and proliferation activity (p=0,001). The Kruskal Wallis result showed that there was no significant difference (p<0,33) in the tumor weight. Spearman correlation study significantly (p=0,03) indicated that there was a positive correlation between the cell proliferation activity and the growth of the tumor but in a weak correlation (r=0,39). Therefore, it could be concluded that the methanol extract of soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) can inhibit the growth rate of tumor volume as well as the proliferation activity of the breast cancer cell of C3H mice and it worked optimally at 30 mg/kg BB dose., Breast cancer is a multifactor disease that has been a leading cause of woman’s mortality. Treatments for breast cancer such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have their own side effects, so that alternative treatments such as herbal medicine are needed. Soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) has been reported to have antitumor and cytotoxic effects, but only few conducted in vivo, an advanced research is needed to find the effectiveness and the inhibition pathway of the soursop leaf. The purpose of this research is to find out the inhibition capacity and the effective dose of soursop leaf methanol extract (Annona muricata Linn) against the development of C3H mice’s breast cancer in vivo. There were thirty mice of C3H strain which were transplanted with breast tumor and they were divided into five groups consisting of negative control group which was given only solvent CMC 0.5%, a positive control group which was given doxorubicin, a dose group of 15 mg/kg BB, a dose group of 30 mg/kg BB, and a dose group of 45 mg/kg BB. Each mouse was given 0,2 cc soursop leaf extract every day for 21 days while the positive control group was given doxorubicin 0,03 μg/20 gram BB once a week for 21 days intravenously. The length and the width of the tumor were measured at the beginning and also measured once a week during the experiment process to gain the data of the tumor volume. At the end of the research, the tumor of the mice was lifted and weighed and it was stained by AgNOR to measure the proliferation activity of the cell. The Anova result showed that there was a significant difference (p=0,007) between treatment against the development of tumor which was marked by the decrease of the tumor volume and proliferation activity (p=0,001). The Kruskal Wallis result showed that there was no significant difference (p<0,33) in the tumor weight. Spearman correlation study significantly (p=0,03) indicated that there was a positive correlation between the cell proliferation activity and the growth of the tumor but in a weak correlation (r=0,39). Therefore, it could be concluded that the methanol extract of soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) can inhibit the growth rate of tumor volume as well as the proliferation activity of the breast cancer cell of C3H mice and it worked optimally at 30 mg/kg BB dose.]"

"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Respons tumor setelah pemberian sitostatik sebagai kemoterapi neoajuvan pada pasien kanker payudara masih belum memuaskan dan respons tumor baru dapat dinilai setelah siklus ke-3; untuk mengurangi efek samping sitostatik dan penghematan biaya bagi yang tidak respons dibutuhkan faktor prediksi respons tumor lebih awal.Tujuan penelitian: Untuk mengetahui apakah perubahan rasio choline/water pada pemeriksaan magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) dapat digunakan sebagai faktor prediksi awal respons tumor pasien kanker payudara yang memperoleh sitostatik sebagai kemoterapi neoajuvan dan menganalisis korelasi persentase perubahan rasio choline/water eksternal dengan internal.Bahan dan cara: Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) pada bulan Agustus 2011 sampai April 2014. Subjek memperoleh sitostatik sebagai kemoterapi neoajuvan. Pemeriksaan MRI/MRS 1,5 T dilakukan sebelum sitostatik I, 20 atau 21 hari setelah sitostatik I dan setelah sitostatik III, menggunakan program syngo-GRACE untuk MRS. Tumor diukur berdasarkan RECIST 1.1. Respons tumor ≥ 30% dinyatakan positif, dan < 30% dinyatakan negatif. Hasil: Diperoleh 40 subjek dengan kanker payudara ukuran tumor ≥ 5 cm tanpa ulkus respons tumor positif 47,5%, peningkatan rasio choline/water eksternal 35% dan choline/water internal 42,5%. Peningkatan rasio choline/water eksternal pada MRS I- MRS II pada hari ke-20 atau ke-21 setelah pemberian sitostatik 1 menunjukkan respons tumor positif, RR=0,49 (IK 0,26-0,90) terutama untuk stadium < IIIC. Pada peningkatan rasio choline/water internal RR=0,54 (IK 0,28-1,04) dan penurunan nilai Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) RR= 0,51 (IK 0,23-1,13), didapatkan hubungan yang sama tetapi lebih lemah. Didapatkan pula korelasi sedang arah positif antara persentase perubahan rasio choline/water eksternal dengan persentase perubahan rasio choline/water internal (r=0,572, p=0,000). Derajat keganasan, Ki67, Bcl2 dan MVD tidak dapat digunakan sebagai faktor prediksi respons tumor. Pada Ki67 sama dengan atau lebih dari 14%, masih diperoleh repons tumor positif sedangkan pada Ki67 kurang dari 14%, tidak ditemukan respon tumor positif.Simpulan: Peningkatan rasio choline/water eksternal pada MRS I-MRS II pada hari ke-20 atau ke-21 setelah pemberian sitostatik 1 sebagai kemoterapi neoajuvan dapat memprediksi pengecilan tumor setelah sitostatik III sama dengan atau lebih besar dari 30% terutama untuk stadium < IIIC. Perubahan rasio choline/water eksternal dan internal dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi respons tumor setelah pemberian sitostatik.;

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ABSTRACTBackground : Cytostatics administration as neoadjuvant chemotherapy does not provided satisfactory tumor response in breast cancer patients and could be asses after 3rd cycle. To minimize the side effects and cost of cytostatics, early predictive factor of tumor response following neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer patients is required. Objectives: The purpose of this study was, to asses of choline/water ratio by usingmagnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) as an early predictive factor of cytostatics response after neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer patients, secondly to analyze the correlation between external choline/water ratio and internal choline/water ratio.Material and method: This study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital since August 2011 to April 2014. Subjects received cytostatics as neoadjuvant chemotherapy underwent MRI/MRS prior to cytostatics I, 20/21 days after having cytostatics I and after cytostatics III. MRI 1.5 T was used for MRI examination and syngo-GRACE program for MRS. Tumor measurement was based on RECIST 1.1, tumor response of ≥ 30% is considered positive, and < 30% is considered negative.Results: Among 40 non-ulcerating breast cancer subjects with tumor size of more or equal to 5 cm, 47.5% show positive response. MRS I and II showed escalation of external choline/water ratio on days 20/21 after the introduction of cytostatic I as neoadjuvant treatment, which could be used to predict tumor shrinkage after cytostatic III as high as 30% or more, RR = 0.49 (CI 0.26 - 0.90), especially for < IIIC stage. Changes of internal choline/water ratio, RR= 0.54 (CI 0.28 - 1.04) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) changes, RR= 0.51 (CI 0.23-1.13) show similar result but less related. A positive moderate correlation between changes of external choline/water ratio and changes of internal choline/water ratio is seen (r=0,572, p=0,000). No correlation between degree of malignancy, Bcl2, Ki67 dan MVD with tumor response. Changes of choline/water ratio combined with Ki67 higher than or equal with 14% could give positive tumor response, on the other hand, declining of choline/water ratio combined with Ki67 less than 14%, no positive tumor response could be found. Conclusion: Increased of external choline/water ratio on MRS I-MRS II on day 20 or 21 following cytostatic 1 as neoadjuvant chemotherapy can predict tumor shrinkage following cytostatic III of equal or more than 30%, especiallyfor < IIIC stage. Changes of external and internal choline/water ratio could be used to predict tumor response following cytostastic administration., Background : Cytostatics administration as neoadjuvant chemotherapy does not provided satisfactory tumor response in breast cancer patients and could be asses after 3rd cycle. To minimize the side effects and cost of cytostatics, early predictive factor of tumor response following neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer patients is required. Objectives: The purpose of this study was, to asses of choline/water ratio by usingmagnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) as an early predictive factor of cytostatics response after neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer patients, secondly to analyze the correlation between external choline/water ratio and internal choline/water ratio.Material and method: This study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital since August 2011 to April 2014. Subjects received cytostatics as neoadjuvant chemotherapy underwent MRI/MRS prior to cytostatics I, 20/21 days after having cytostatics I and after cytostatics III. MRI 1.5 T was used for MRI examination and syngo-GRACE program for MRS. Tumor measurement was based on RECIST 1.1, tumor response of ≥ 30% is considered positive, and < 30% is considered negative.Results: Among 40 non-ulcerating breast cancer subjects with tumor size of more or equal to 5 cm, 47.5% show positive response. MRS I and II showed escalation of external choline/water ratio on days 20/21 after the introduction of cytostatic I as neoadjuvant treatment, which could be used to predict tumor shrinkage after cytostatic III as high as 30% or more, RR = 0.49 (CI 0.26 - 0.90), especially for < IIIC stage. Changes of internal choline/water ratio, RR= 0.54 (CI 0.28 - 1.04) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) changes, RR= 0.51 (CI 0.23-1.13) show similar result but less related. A positive moderate correlation between changes of external choline/water ratio and changes of internal choline/water ratio is seen (r=0,572, p=0,000). No correlation between degree of malignancy, Bcl2, Ki67 dan MVD with tumor response. Changes of choline/water ratio combined with Ki67 higher than or equal with 14% could give positive tumor response, on the other hand, declining of choline/water ratio combined with Ki67 less than 14%, no positive tumor response could be found. Conclusion: Increased of external choline/water ratio on MRS I-MRS II on day 20 or 21 following cytostatic 1 as neoadjuvant chemotherapy can predict tumor shrinkage following cytostatic III of equal or more than 30%, especiallyfor < IIIC stage. Changes of external and internal choline/water ratio could be used to predict tumor response following cytostastic administration.]"

"Menurut beberapa peneliti salah satu faktor penyebab timbulnya kanker, adalah terapi dengan betaestradiol dosis tinggi, atau dosis adekuat yang tidak terkontrol. Terapi ini telah digunakan selama 30 tahun terakhir terutama kaitannya dengan menopause prematur, hysterektomi total, salpingo-ooforektomi, kontrasepsi, dll. Namun demikian tidak mudah melakukan penilaian keuntungan yang diperoleh serta efek sampingnya. Terlebih lagi bila pemanfaatan estradiol dilakukan pada penderita kanker payudara. Sehingga perlu dicari dosis yang masih aman pada keadaan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah implantasi estradiol sekali selama penelitian dengan dosis 7 mg berpengaruh terhadap perangai pertumbuhan sel tumor transpiantabel kelenjar susu mencit GR, serta terhadap imunitas humoral mencit tersebut. Mencit yang digunakan adalah mencit betina yang pada awal penelitian berumur 6 bulan dan ditumbuhi (diinokulasi) sel tumor kelenjar susu. Mencit dibagi ke dalam 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok kelola yang terdiri atas mencit bertumor kelenjar susu tidak diimplantasi estradiol dan kelompok perlakuan yang diimplantasi estradiol. Dengan menganalisa data volume tumor pada saat tumor berumur 1 minggu dan 2 minggu, diketahui bahwa implantasi estradiol tidak meningkatkan pertumbuhan tumor. Sedangkan dari analisa kadar imunoglobulin diketahui bahwa tidak ada pengaruh implantasi estradiol terhadap kadar Ig G dalam serum mencit. Sebaliknya transplantasi tumor ada pengaruhnya terhadap kadar Ig G serum mencit. Pengaruh implantasi estradiol terhadap kadar Ig A pada serum mencit juga tidak bermakna. Tetapi transplantasi sel tumor justru menurunkan kadar Ig A dalam serum mencit. Kadar Ig M serum tidak dipengaruhi baik oleh implantasi estradiol maupun transplantasi sel tumor."

"ABSTRAKKanker payudara merupakan salah satu jenis kanker terbanyak di Indonesia dan lebih dari 80% kasus ditemukan berada pada stadium yang lanjut. Akupunktur sebagai salah satu alternatif terapi memiliki peran pada kasus keganasan. Dari penelitian-penelitian terdahulu diketahui bahwa mekanisme akupunktur sebagai terapi kanker dengan mengaktivasi jalur neurohormonal dan modulasi sistem imun, terutama meningkatkan aktivitas sel NK. Sel NK banyak terdapat dalam limpa sebagai organ limfoid. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental laboratorik yang bertujuan untuk membuktikan tindakan EA dapat meningkatkan diameter pulpa alba limpa. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 20 sediaan preparat tumor dari mencit C3H model adenokarsinoma mammae yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok. Kelompok tersebut adalah kelompok yang tidak mendapatkan EA, kelompok yang mendapatkan 1x EA, kelompok yang mendapatkan 2x EA dan kelompok yang mendapatkan 3x EA. Tindakan elektroakupunktur menggunakan gelombang kontinyu dengan frekuensi 2 Hz selama 15 menit, pada titik ST36 Zusanli, BL18 Ganshu dan BL20 Pishu. Hasil penelitian didapatkan rerata diameter terbesar terdapat pada kelompok yang mendapatkan 3x EA (497,86 ± 122,261). Namun dengan uji ANOVA tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok penelitian, dengan nilai p = 0,094. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh yaitu elektroakupunktur dapat meningkatkan diameter pulpa alba limpa mencit C3H model adenokarsinoma mammae.

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ABSTRACT<>br>Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in Indonesia and more than 80% of cases are found to be in an advanced stage. Acupuncture as an alternative therapy has a role in the case of malignancy. From previous studies known that the mechanism of acupuncture as cancer therapy by activating neurohormonal pathways and immune system modulation, especially increase the activity of NK cells. NK cells are widely present in the spleen as lymphoid organs. This research is a laboratory experimental study that aims to prove the action of EA can increase the diameter of the white pulp spleen. This study was conducted on 20 preparations of tumor preparations from C3H mice of mammae adenocarcinoma model divided into 4 groups. The group is a group that does not get an EA, a group that gets 1x EA, a group that gets 2x EA and a group that gets 3x EA. The electroacupuncture uses a continuous wave, frequency of 2 Hz for 15 minutes, at the point ST36 Zusanli, BL18 Ganshu and BL20 Pishu. The results showed that the largest diameter was found in the group that received 3x EA (497,86 ± 122,261). However, the ANOVA test showed no significant difference between the study groups, with p = 0,094. The conclusions obtained are that electroacupuncture can increase the diameter of the white pulp spleen in C3H mice with adenocarcinoma mammae."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan meneliti ekstrak etanol Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. yang dihipotesakan menjadi terapi alternatif komplementer kanker payudara. Ekstrak dibuat dengan maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Hewan yang digunakan adalah tikus putih betina strain Sprague-Dawley dibagi dalam 9 kelompok yaitu kontrol normal, kontrol DMBA, kontrol doksorubisin, kelompok perlakuan kuratif dan kelompok perlakuan adjuvan. Setiap tikus, kecuali kontrol normal, diinduksi dengan 7-12-dimetilbenz(a)antrasena (DMBA) 20 mg/kgBB sebanyak 5 kali, dua kali seminggu. Masa inkubasi tumor 8 minggu. Kelompok perlakuan mendapatkan ekstrak dalam 3 variasi dosis yaitu 40 mg/200gBB, 80 mg/200gBB dan 160 mg/200gBB. Palpasi dilakukan seminggu sekali. Pada minggu terakhir perlakuan dilakukan pembedahan. Tumor dibuat preparat histopatologi hematoksilin-eosin dan AgNOR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua kelompok kuratif dan kelompok adjuvan (2 dan 3) berat tumornya lebih rendah secara signifikan (P<0.05) dibandingkan DMBA. Volume tumor kelompok kuratif dosis 1 dan 3 serta adjuvan 2 lebih rendah secara signifikan (P<0.05) dibandingkan DMBA. Skor HE kelompok kuratif dosis 1 dan 3 lebih rendah signifikan (<0.05) dibandingkan DMBA. Nilai mAgNOR dan pAgNOR seluruh kelompok lebih rendah secara signifikan (P<0.05) dibandingkan DMBA. Secara keseluruhan disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak temu hitam dapat menghambat pertumbuhan tumor payudara tikus khususnya kelompok perlakuan kuratif dosis 3 (160 mg/200gBB), meskipun tidak sebanding dengan doksorubisin.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the ethanolic extract of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. which hypothesised to become complementary alternative therapies for breast cancer. Extracts were made by maceration using ethanol 96%. Animals used were female white rats of Sprague-Dawley strain which divided into nine groups: normal control, DMBA control, doxorubicin control, curative treatment groups and adjuvant treatment groups. Each rat, except for the normal controls, induced by 7-12-dimetilbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA) 20 mg/kgBW 5 times, twice a week. The incubation period of tumors was 8 weeks. Extract in the treatment group were given 3 variant of doses, 40 mg/200gBW, 80 mg/200gBW and 160 mg/200gBW. Palpation done once a week. Surgery was done in the last week of treatment. Histopathological slides of tumor in hematoxylin-eosin and AgNOR staining was made. The results showed that tumor weight of all curative groups and adjuvant groups (2 and 3) was significantly lower (P <0.05) than DMBA. Tumor volume of curative groups dose 1 and 3 and adjuvant 2 significantly lower (P <0.05) than DMBA. HE score of curative groups dose 1 and 3 significantly lower (<0.05) than DMBA. The value of mAgNOR and pAgNOR of the whole group was significantly lower (P <0.05) than DMBA. Overall can be concluded that the extract of temu hitam can inhibit the rat breast tumors growth particularly the curative treatment dose 3 (160 mg/200gBW) although not comparable to doxorubicin."

"ABSTRAKKanker payudara merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian terbesar di dunia. Pengobatan kanker payudara saat ini mulai banyak menggunakan bahan alam Salah satu tanaman yang dapat digunakan untuk pengobatan kanker adalah ekstrak daun jambu biji. Untuk pengembangan lebih lanjut ekstrak dibuat dalam liposom. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan aktivitas antiproliferasi dari ekstrak daun jambu biji menggunakan liposom. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode lapis tipis dan dikecilkan ukurannya menggunakan metode ekstrusi. Liposom yang sudah jadi dikarakterisasi secara morfologi menggunakan TEM, distribusi ukuran partikel menggunakan PSA, dan zeta potensial menggunakan zetasizer.Setelah dikarakterisasi, dilanjutkan dengan pengujian antiproliferasi menggunakan metode MTT. Dari hasil karakterisasi, liposom beerukuran dibawah 748 nm dan termasuk Unilamellar Vesicle dengan nilai zeta potensial -12,7. Dari hasil pengujian antiproliferasi didapatkan nilai IC50 liposom 194,034 μg/mL dan IC50 dari larutan ekstrak yaitu 224,863 μg/mL yang menunjukan bahwa liposom dapat mempengaruhi aktivitas antiproliferasi pada ekstrak daun jambu biji.

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ABSTRAKBreast cancer is one of the biggest causes of death in the world. Now, the treatment for breast cancer is more using natural ingredients.One of the plants that can be used for cancer treatment is guava leaves extract.For further development,the extract is made into liposomes. The purpose of this research is to increase the antiproliferative activity of guava leaves extract using liposomes.The method is using thin layer’s method and reduced in sizing using the extrusion method.Liposome that have been made was characterization by morphology using TEM, particle size distribution using PSA, and potential zeta using zetasizer. After characterized, followed by antiproliferative test using MTT method. From the result of characterization, liposome size below 748 nm and include as Unilamellar Vesicles with potential zeta -12,7.From the result of antiproliferative test, IC50 liposomes is 194.034 μg/mL and IC50 of the extract solution is 224.863 μg/mL which proves that liposomes can approve the antiproliferative activity in the guava leaves extract."

"Latar belakang: Kanker payudara (KP) termasuk penyebab umum kematian pada wanita di dunia. Salah satu tumor marker yang digunakan sebagai penanda proliferasi sel kanker payudara yakni Ki-67. Ki-67 merupakan protein yang mudah diekspresikan di inti sel selama siklus sel, ekspresi Ki-67 yang tinggi menandakan semakin banyak sel yang berproliferasi. Terapi KP yang dijalani sekarang masih banyak ditemukan efek samping sehingga dibutukan terapi adjuvant dalam pengobatan KP yakni kedelai, kedelai dipilih karena murah, mudah dijangkau serta diyakini mampu menurunkan angka kejadian KP. Riset ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek lunasin dalam menurunkan ekspresi Ki-67 pada kelenjar payudara tikus. Metode: : Tikus jenis Sprague dewlay (SD) berjumlah 25 ekor dibagi secara acak ke dalam 5 kelompok yakni kelompok normal, kelompok kontrol negatif atau hanya dinduksi DMBA saja, kelompok tamoksifen, kelompok lunasin + tamoksifen dan kelompok lunasin kuratif. Setiap sedian jaringan kanker payudara diberi pewarnaan immunohistokimia terhadap Ki-67 kemudian akan dilihat dibawah mikroskop cahaya dengan pembesaran 400x,perhitungan jumlah sel dilakukan pada 5 lapang pandang untuk menilai ekspresi Ki-67.Perhitungan jumlah sel dengan menggunakan aplikasi Image J dan IHC profiler Hasil: Lunasin mampu menurunkan ekspresi Ki-67. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada setiap kelompok uji jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif (p=0,000). Akan tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok tamoksifen dengan kelompok terapi lunasin+ tamoksifen (p=0,961). Kesimpulan: Pemberian lunasin, tamoksifen dan lunasin+tamoksifen mampu menurunkan ekspresi Ki-67 pada sel kanker payudara tikus SD yang diinduksi DMBA. Kata kunci: DMBA, kanker payudara, lunasin, kedelai, protein Ki-67, tamoksifen.

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Introduction: Background: Breast cancer (KP) is a common cause of death in women around the world. One of the tumor markers used as a marker for breast cancer cell proliferation is Ki-67. Ki-67 is a protein that is easily expressed in the cell nucleus during the cell cycle, high Ki-67 expression indicates more cells are proliferating. There are still many side effects of KP therapy currently being carried out, so adjuvant therapy is needed in the treatment of KP, namely soybeans, soybeans were chosen because they are cheap, easy to reach, and are believed to be able to reduce the incidence of KP. This research was conducted to determine the effect of lunasin in reducing the expression of Ki-67 in the breast glands of rats. Method: 25 Sprague dewlay (SD) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups namely the normal group, negative control group or DMBA-induced only, tamoxifen group, lunasin + tamoxifen group and curative lunasin group. Each breast cancer tissue preparation was given immunohistochemical staining of Ki-67 and then viewed under a light microscope with 400x magnification, cell counts were performed in 5 fields of view to assess Ki-67 expression. Cell counts were performed using Image J and IHC profiler applications. Result: Lunasin was able to reduce the expression of Ki-67. There was a significant difference in each test group when compared to the negative control (p=0.000). However, there was no significant difference between the tamoxifen group and the lunasin + tamoxifen therapy group (p=0.961). Conclusion: Administration of lunasin, tamoxifen and lunasin+tamoxifen was able to reduce Ki-67 expression in DMBA-induced SD rat breast cancer cells. Keywords: DMBA, breast cancer, lunasin, soybean, Ki-67 protein, tamoxifen"

"Latar belakang: Kanker payudara merupakan kanker tersering dengan mortalitas kematian kelima tertinggi di dunia. Tamoksifen, terapi hormon lini pertama kanker payudara ditemukan kasus resisten pada sel kanker dengan ekspresi c-myc yang tinggi. C-myc adalah faktor transkripsi yang menginduksi proliferasi, diferensiasi, serta metastasis sel kanker. Penelitian terbaru telah menemukan lunasin, protein dari ekstrak kedelai yang dinilai memiliki berbagai efek antikanker. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui apakah lunasin dapat menurunkan ekspresi protein c-myc pada sel kanker payudara. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah true-experimental laboratorium dengan sampel preparat jaringan kanker payudara tikus tersimpan. Kelompok sediaan terdiri kelompok normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, terapi kombinasi (lunasin dan tamoksifen) dan lunasin. Jaringan diwarnai secara imunohistokimia dengan diaminobenzinidie (DAB) dan antibodi anti-c-myc. Sediaan dipotret dengan mikroskop cahaya perbesaran 400 kali sebanyak 5 lapang pandang secara acak. Hasil berupa H-score ekspresi c-myc yang dihitung menggunakan software ImageJ dengan plugin immunohistochemistry (IHC) Profiler. Hasil: Kelompok dengan indeks H-score tertinggi berurutan adalah kontrol negatif (174), terapi tamoksifen, (149,4), terapi lunasin (146,6), kombinasi (138,6), dan normal (129,4). Ekspresi c-myc pada seluruh kelompok berbeda signifikan dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif. Perbandingan setiap dua kelompok juga berbeda signifikan kecuali antara kelompok kontrol positif dengan lunasin. Kesimpulan: Lunasin dari ekstrak kedelai menghambat ekspresi protein c-myc pada sel kanker payudara tikus yang diinduksi DMBA. Lunasin dan tamoksifen masing-masing mampu menurunkan ekspresi protein c-myc. Terapi kombinasi lunasin dan tamoksifen paling efektif menurunkan ekspresi c-myc sel kanker payudara

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Introduction: Breast cancer is the most prevalent and the fifth leading cause of death in the world. Tamoxifen, the first-line hormone therapy, which is found to be resistant to breast cancer cells with high c-myc expression. C-myc is a transcription factor that induces the proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis of cancer cells. Recent research has discovered lunasin, protein derived from soybean extract that have anticancer activities. The aim of this study was to determine whether lunasin can reduce c-myc protein expression in breast cancer. Method: The study design is a true-experimental laboratory with stored rat breast cancer tissue samples. The group was consisted of normal group, negative control, positive control, combination therapy (lunasin and tamoxifen) and lunasin. Tissues were stained with anti-c-myc adnd was photographed with a light microscope equipped with a 400x magnification camera with 5 fields of view at random. The result is an H-score of c-myc expression which is calculated using Image J software with the immunohistochemistry profiler plugin. Result: The groups with the highest H-score value to the lowest, respectively, are negative control (174), positive control (149,4), lunasin therapy (146,6), combination therapy (138,6), and normal (129,4). The C-myc expression in all groups is significantly different compared to the negative control. Conclusion: Lunasin inhibits the expression of c-myc protein in DMBA-induced rat breast cancer. Lunasin and tamoxifen are each able to reduce c-myc expression. The most effective way to reduce c-myc expression on breast cancer cells is combination therapy (lunasin and tamoxifen)."

"[ABSTRAKTanaman sambiloto (Andrographis Paniculata Nees ) memiliki banyak manfaat dalam pengobatan, salah satunya sebagai obat antikanker. Liposom merupakan salah satu perkembangan dari sistem penghantaran obat yang telah diteliti dapat digunakan sebagai pembawa obat-obat, protein, dan zat?zat molekuler lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan obat dengan bahan dasar ekstrak herba sambiloto yang dienkapsulasi liposom dan diuji aktivitas antiproliferasinya terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan liposom ini adalah metode hidrasi lapis tipis. Pengecilan ukuran partikel dilakukan dengan cara ekstrusi. Evaluasi yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah distribusi ukuran partikel dan zeta potensial dengan alat DLS, efisiensi penjerapan dengan alat dialisis, morfologi ukuran dengan alat TEM. Uji antiproliferasi sel kanker menggunakan metode MTT. Hasil yang diperoleh pada TEM yang menggambarkan model liposom OLV dengan ukuran ±50 nm; distribusi ukuran partikel liposom sebesar 452,5 dan 43,82 nm serta zeta potensial sebesar -11,3 mV; efisiensi penjerapan sebesar 61,63 %. IC50 dari liposom ekstrak dan larutan ekstrak berturut-turut adalah 11,997 ppm dan 27,488 ppm. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa enkapsulasi ekstrak herba sambiloto dengan liposom memberikan pengaruh terhadap aktivitas antiproliferasi sel kanker payudara T47D.

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ABSTRACT

;A Sambiloto?s Plant (Andrographis paniculata Nees) has many benefits in the medicals treatment, one of them as an anticancer drug. Liposomes are one of the development of drug delivery systems that have been studied can be used as carriers of drugs, proteins, and other molecular substances. This research aims to develop drugs with a basis of extract of bitter herbs are encapsulated with liposomes for comparison their antiproliferation activity against T47D breast cancer cells. The method which used in the manufacture of liposomes is thin layer hydration method. Reduction of particle size liposomes is done by extrusion. Evaluations were performed in this study is the particle size distribution and zeta potential by DLS, entrapment efficiency by dialisis, morphology size by TEM. Antiproliferation cancer cells test using MTT method. Results obtained at the TEM depicting the model OLV liposomes with a size of about ±50 nm; liposome particle size distribution of 441 and 45.3 nm, and zeta potential of -11.3 mV; The entrapment efficiency of 61.69%. Showed IC50 of liposomes extract and extract solution are respectively 11,997 ppm and 27,488 ppm. This result showed that the extract of bitter herbs encapsulation with liposomes give effect to the antiploriferative activity of T47D breast cancer cells.

;A Sambiloto?s Plant (Andrographis paniculata Nees) has many benefits in the medicals treatment, one of them as an anticancer drug. Liposomes are one of the development of drug delivery systems that have been studied can be used as carriers of drugs, proteins, and other molecular substances. This research aims to develop drugs with a basis of extract of bitter herbs are encapsulated with liposomes for comparison their antiproliferation activity against T47D breast cancer cells. The method which used in the manufacture of liposomes is thin layer hydration method. Reduction of particle size liposomes is done by extrusion. Evaluations were performed in this study is the particle size distribution and zeta potential by DLS, entrapment efficiency by dialisis, morphology size by TEM. Antiproliferation cancer cells test using MTT method. Results obtained at the TEM depicting the model OLV liposomes with a size of about ±50 nm; liposome particle size distribution of 441 and 45.3 nm, and zeta potential of -11.3 mV; The entrapment efficiency of 61.69%. Showed IC50 of liposomes extract and extract solution are respectively 11,997 ppm and 27,488 ppm. This result showed that the extract of bitter herbs encapsulation with liposomes give effect to the antiploriferative activity of T47D breast cancer cells.

, A Sambiloto’s Plant (Andrographis paniculata Nees) has many benefits in the medicals treatment, one of them as an anticancer drug. Liposomes are one of the development of drug delivery systems that have been studied can be used as carriers of drugs, proteins, and other molecular substances. This research aims to develop drugs with a basis of extract of bitter herbs are encapsulated with liposomes for comparison their antiproliferation activity against T47D breast cancer cells. The method which used in the manufacture of liposomes is thin layer hydration method. Reduction of particle size liposomes is done by extrusion. Evaluations were performed in this study is the particle size distribution and zeta potential by DLS, entrapment efficiency by dialisis, morphology size by TEM. Antiproliferation cancer cells test using MTT method. Results obtained at the TEM depicting the model OLV liposomes with a size of about ±50 nm; liposome particle size distribution of 441 and 45.3 nm, and zeta potential of -11.3 mV; The entrapment efficiency of 61.69%. Showed IC50 of liposomes extract and extract solution are respectively 11,997 ppm and 27,488 ppm. This result showed that the extract of bitter herbs encapsulation with liposomes give effect to the antiploriferative activity of T47D breast cancer cells.

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"Latar belakang: Kanker payudara adalah salah satu jenis penyakit kanker yang sering terdiagnosis dan menjadi penyebab banyak kematian di dunia. Kanker merupakan penyakit multi faktor yang berarti ada banyak faktor penyebab kanker. Faktor genetik, lingkungan dan gaya hidup memiliki peran dalam perkembangan kanker. Salah satu mekanisme perkembangan kanker adalah ketika terjadinya ketidakseimbangan antara radikal bebas dan antioksidan di tubuh manusia. Jumlah radikal bebas yang tidak terkontrol dan berlebihan dan menyebabkan kerusakan sel dan pertumbuhan sel yang tidak terkontrol. Bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea) adalah tumbuhan yang sering ditemukan di Asia dan memiliki banyak manfaat.Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan fitokimia, aktivitas antioksidan, dan aktivitas sitotoksik dari ekstrak bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea) terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D.Metode: Clitoria ternatea yang sudah berupa serbuk kering dimaserasi bertingkat dengan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan etanol secara berurutan untuk menghasilkan ekstrak n-heksana, ekstrak etil asetat, dan ekstrak etanol Clitoria ternatea. Setiap ekstrak dianalisis kandungan fitokimianya melalui uji fitokimia, dievaluasi aktivitas antioksidannya dengan metode DPPH, dan ditentukan aktivitas sitotoksiknya terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D menggunakan uji MTT.Hasil: Skrining uji fitokimia dari ekstrak Clitoria ternatea menunjukan adanya kandungan senyawa glikosida, flavonoid, tanin dan triterpenoid. Uji KLT menunjukan adanya sepuluh komponen senyawa fitokimia dalam ekstrak Clitoria ternatea. Uji DPPH menunjukan bahwa ekstrak Clitoria ternatea memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat tinggi terhadap radikal bebas DPPH. Uji MTT menunjukan bahwa ekstrak Clitoria ternatea memberikan efek sitotoksik yang kuat terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D.Kesimpulan: Clitoria ternatea berpotensi dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai antioksidan dan antikanker payudara.

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Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common and deadly forms of cancer in the world. Cancer is a multifactorial disease. Genetic factors, environment and lifestyle have a role in the development of cancer. One of the mechanisms of cancer development is when an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the human body occurs. An uncontrolled and excessive amount of free radicals and cause cell damage and uncontrolled cell growth. Clitoria ternatea is a plant that is often found in Asia and many of the benefits of this flower have been studied.

Aim: This study aims to determine the phytochemical constituents, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxic activity of Clitoria ternatea against T47D breast cancer cells.

Method: Clitoria ternatea in the form of dry powder is macerated in a multi-level manner with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol as solvents, producing a Clitoria ternatea extract of the respective solvents. Each extract is then evaluated for its phytochemical constituents, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxic activity using a phytochemical test, thin layer chromatography (TLC), DPPH assay, and MTT assay respectively.

Results: Phytochemical analysis of Clitoria ternatea shows the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, tannins and triterpenoids with TLC revealing the presence of ten phytochemical constituents. DPPH assay reveals that Clitoria ternatea exhibits a very active antioxidant activity. MTT assay reveals Clitoria ternatea has high cytotoxic activity towards the T47D breast cancer cell line.

Conclusion: Chemical constituents of Clitoria ternatea are responsible for the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity towards the T47D breast cancer cell line."