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"This book combines soil science, earth science, and environmental geochemistry, providing comprehensive background information for specialists interested in chemical-induced changes in the soil-subsurface system. The major focus of the book is on changes to the soil-subsurface matrix and properties caused by chemical pollution. The numerous examples presented in the book confirm that chemical contamination should be considered as an additional factor in the formation of a contemporary soil-subsurface regime that is different than that of the pristine system."

"Pondasi tiang bor merupakan tipe pondasi yang sering digunakan dalam konstruksi karena adanya fleksibilitas desain dan pelaksanaan di lapangan. Seringkali kapasitas lateral tiang pondasi ditingkatkan dengan penggunaan tiang grup. Pondasi diameter besar kemudian muncul pada struktur lepas pantai sebagai substitusi dari tiang grup tersebut guna mempermudah proses konstruksi dengan tingkat keamanan yang sama. Studi yang dilakukan adalah meninjau perilaku pondasi tiang bor dengan diameter besar pada tanah lunak terutama untuk meninjau gaya-gaya reaksi terbesar yang mempengaruhi pergerakan pondasi. Lapisan tanah lunak yang tebal kemudian diinterpretasikan melalui data tanah di Ancol, Jakarta Utara. Pemodelan tanah dan struktur pondasi tiang bor dilakukan dengan bantuan perangkat lunak PLAXIS 3D Foundation untuk meninjau arah gaya-gaya reaksi dalam tiga dimensi.

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Bored pile is one of the foundation type widely used in construction because of its design flexibility. For a laterally-loaded bored pile, an additional pile and pilecap plays an important role in influencing the lateral capacity. Large diameter bored pile then proposed to substitute group pile in order to simplify construction method. This study examine laterally-loaded large diameter bored pile behavior on soft soil to comprehend the distribution of lateral soil resistance and failure behavior. Thick soft soil layer interpreted through soil testing data at Ancol, North Jakarta with domination of silt. A thorough analysis of this system are modeled using three-dimensioal numerical method, PLAXIS 3D Foundation."

"Salah satu upaya untuk mencegah penyakit adalah menjaga kualitas lingkungan agar tetap pada kondisi yang sehat. Kualitas lingkungan yang sehat adalah keadaan lingkungan yang bebas dari risiko kesehatan dan keselamatan hidup manusia. Beberapa penyakit berbasis lingkungan antara lain adalah diare, TB paru, demam berdarah dan kecacingan. Prevalensi penyakit kecacingan di Indonesia masih tinggi. Selain itu penyakit kecacingan paling banyak ditemukan di daerah yang keadaan sanitasinya buruk. Prevalensi kecacingan dipengaruhi oleh tingginya pencemaran telur cacing pada tanah permukaan di lingkungan perumahan penduduk.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya pencemaran tanah oleh telur cacing dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pencemaran tanah oleh telur cacing pada lingkungan perumahan penduduk. Disain penelitian adalah Cross sectional, dengan unit analisa rumah tangga, besar sampel sama dengan total populasi (404 rumah) dari seluruh rumah yang memiliki jamban yang pembangunannya dibantu oleh pemerintah daerah.Hasil analisa multivariat diperoleh gambaran tentang besarnya risiko untuk terjadinya pencemaran tanah di lingkungan perumahan yaitu : (1) OR pemanfaatan jamban 4,89 (95%CI; 3,07 - 7,78), (2) OR genangan air hujan 2,10 (95%CI; 1,22- 3,62), (3) OR kebersihan jamban 2,77 (95%CI; 1,63-4,69).

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Factors Related to Contamination of Soil Transmitted Helminth in Housing Area in Walantaka Sub District, Serang Regency, The Year 1999.One of the effort to prevent any diseases is to permanently maintain the quality of environmental in a good manner. The quality of the environmental health is the condition that guarantees the absence from the risk of health and safety hazards for human life. Several infections diseases are closely related to environmental condition for example: diarrhea, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and dengue hemorrhagic fever and soil transmitted helminth. The prevalence disease of causal by soil transmitted helminth remain high in Indonesia, and mostly prevalent in the areas with poor sanitary condition. The high level of soil contamination by eggs of the intestinal namatode in the housing influences the prevalence level of diseases by soil transmitted helminth.The objective of this study is to identify the magnitude of soil contamination with eggs of intestinal nematode and factors related to the environment of community housing. The research design is cross sectional carried out among 404 households.The result of the multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors of soil contamination by eggs of intestinal nematode in housing area are as follows : (1) not using latrine has the highest level of risk OR = 4,89 (95 % CI : 3,07 - 7,78), (2) The cleanliness of Iatrine risk is OR = 2,77 (95 % CI : 1,63 - 4,69), (3) The stagnant of rain water risk is OR = 2,10 (95 % CI : 1,22 - 3,62)."

"Coral reefs are deteriorating worlwide due to various stresses, including pollution of hazardous chemicals such antifouling chemicals...."

"In this research a scattering technique employing f or war dscatter of a He-Ne C0,5328 pm, 30 mw) laser beam together with a 1024 x 1024 arrays CCD-V11 video camera as a detector was used for determining both particle size distribution and concentration. For determining the size distribution the "Differential Fourier Transform Technique" is chosen because it does not require matrix inversion or a priori knowledge of functional forms of size and it takes advantage of the Fast Fourier Transform.

Measurements have been performed using this technique on cigarette smoke and smoke coming out, from burning clothes. From the experimental results it is shown that the diameter of cigarette smoke particles is between 0.3 and 1 . 3 pm. similar to that from a previous research C0.O4 - 1.00 pm). The measured size of smoke particles from burning clothes is 0.5 - 1.5 pm. similar to standard data Cabout 1 pm). But the obtained size distribution curves are still rough because of the limited observation scattering angle. It is also shown that the minimum and maximum concentration which can be detected are 1.8 x 107 particles/mma Cor 12.8 ppm) and 12.7 x 100 particles/=O Cor 906 ppm). This means that this technique can be used for measuring air pollutant concentration, as especially from smoke."

"ABSTRAKThis study is intended to compare the performance of LPG fuel and CNG fuel under consideration from residential cooking fuel aspect as well as from its pollutant emission aspect. Fuel combustion using laboratory bumer (Bunsen bumer) was carried out. Emission of pollutant gases especially CO and NOx were observed and measured. Pollutant gas concentration in ambient air around the flame as pollution source produce by LPG combustion was compare to that producted by CNG combustion. Their flame characteristics especially their flame length and their flame color were maintained to be the same, so their heat losses and their temperature could be predicted (by calculation). The magnitude of flame temperature were used to conclude weather pollutant gases generated from combustion was caused by gas dissociation or by incomplete combustion. The result of experiment shows that LPG combustion emit more pollutants gases than CNG combustion does, and gases are caused by incomplete combustion.ABSTRACTPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kinerja bahan bakar LPG dan bahan bakar CNG ditinjau dari aspek bahan bakar memasak perumahan serta dari aspek emisi polutannya. Pembakaran bahan bakar menggunakan bumer laboratorium (Bunsen bumer) dilakukan. Emisi gas pencemar terutama CO dan NOx diamati dan diukur. Konsentrasi gas pencemar di udara ambien sekitar nyala api sebagai sumber pencemaran yang dihasilkan dari pembakaran LPG dibandingkan dengan yang dihasilkan oleh pembakaran CNG. Karakteristik nyala api terutama panjang nyala api dan warna nyala api dijaga agar tetap sama, sehingga kehilangan panas dan suhunya dapat diprediksi (dengan perhitungan). Besarnya temperatur nyala digunakan untuk menyimpulkan gas pencemar cuaca yang dihasilkan dari pembakaran disebabkan oleh disosiasi gas atau oleh pembakaran yang tidak sempurna. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pembakaran LPG mengeluarkan lebih banyak gas pencemar daripada pembakaran CNG, dan gas disebabkan oleh pembakaran yang tidak sempurna."