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"The road to democratization in Indonesia is embodied in its existing institutional design, which is a combination of presidentialism on the one hand, and multipartism on the other. However, this governance blue print is in herently problematic as it regularly results in an inflexible and deadlock situation due to the permanent tension between the executive and the legislative branches of government. Empirical evidence suggests that only one country in the world has relatively succeeded while others have failed. This paper suggests that it may now be time for Indonesia to consider an alternative form of governance, namely the experience of France in practicing of semi-presidentialism. Semi presidentialism is likely suitable to reconcile the benefits and disadvantages of presidentialism and multipartism in Indonesia."

"Partai, sistem pemilu dan sistem pemerintahan dalam praksisnya saling berhubungan satu sama lain. Sistem pemilihan umum akanmembentuk format sistem kepartaian dan memberi implikasi terhadap efektivitas pemerintahan presidensial. Meski Indonesia mengadopsi sistem pemerintahan presidensial namun sampai saat ini pemilihan umum belum mampu membentuk sistem kepartaian yang koherendengan presidensialisme. Tulisan ini hendak melihat mengenai pentingnya membangun sistem kepartaian yang koheren dengan penguatan sistem pemerintahan presidensial melalui rekayasa sistem pemilihan umum."

"This final assignment is observing about government system and institutions relationship in Indonesia, since Soeharto?s era until Reformation era. Its research is focused on presidentialism practice in Indonesia, study case of SBY-JK government (October 2004 ? March 2008). This objective study is based on the theories of presidentialism, democracy, political party, and presidential leadership especially in the third world with qualitative literature approach.Executive and legislative institution in Indonesia, had a dynamic relationship since Soeharto?s era. That situation made a problem in presidentialism practice. Within Soeharto?s power, new order era succeed to make executive heavy on the system. It means, Soeharto controlled the government system and became a centralistic of authority. On the other hand, legislative was powerless. This executive heavy caused dissatisfaction on the accountability, transparency, and mandate for the people. President is voted by legislative but in practical, executive was so powerful. Many people had realized then, if there were a disappointment on the government and political practice for 32 years of Soeharto?s era. After that, General economic distress was happened on 1997 in Indonesia within global monetary crisis. In addition, the government was controlled by corruption, collusion, and nepotism politician. As a result, people pushed the reform in 1998.Reformation 1998, has made a renewal in institutional relationship between executive, legislative, and judicative, especially President - House of Representative. With amendment UUD 1945, liberalization of political parties was occurred, House of Representative?s authority has been empowered, and all of the problems were started to be fixed. In the next four generation of President (B.J. Habibie, Gus Dur, Megawati, SBY), Indonesia had implemented those reform, but still adjusted. Until the election in 2004 and almost 10 years, reformation still has had a problem in presidentialism practice.The election in 2004 (within separated election and multiparty) was the new era for President who would be more powerful because of the direct election, but on the contrary, the combination between presidentialism and multiparty was a complicated combination. President faced with coalition party, minority president, and cohabitation in executive leadership. The fact, SBY-JK controls the government with weak management/policy and leadership of SBY-JK inside. So that, many problems which are faced by the government cannot be solved effectively/efficiently, at least during this research is being done."

"Mempertegas sistem pemerintahan presidensil adalah salah satu hasil penting Perubahan UUD 1945. Tujuannya membentuk pemerintahan stabil supaya dapat bekerja efektif membangun kemakmuran ekonomi dan keadilan sosial. Namun pada pihak lain upaya ini berhadapan dengan empirik politik sistem kepartaian multipartai yang secara teoritis merupakan sebuah kombinasi sulit (difficult combination) karena dapat menghasilkan pemerintahan terbelah (divided government), dan bahkan dapat menimbulkan jalan buntu dalam relasi presiden dan parlemen. Tulisan di bawah ini hendak melihat kompeksitas praktek presidensialisme Indonesia era reformasi dalam sistem multipartai dan berbagai upaya solusi."

"Kenyamanan dalam berkendara merupakan salah satu hal penting yang dikembangkan pada industri otomotif. Salah satu komponen yang memegang peranan penting dalam memberikan rasa nyaman bagi pengemudi saat berkendara adalah sistem suspensi, salah satu jenisnya adalah sistem suspensi semi-aktif. Sumber tenaga eksternal tidak diperlukan pada sistem suspensi semi aktif dimana nilai damping coefficient dapat diubah untuk mengendalikan disipasi energi pada damper. Karakteristik sistem suspensi semi-aktif yang hanya dapat mendisipasikan energi menjadi constraint sinyal kendali sesuai dengan state dari sistem. Kontur jalan juga menjadi gangguan pada sistem suspensi yang akan mempengaruhi kinerja sistem, oleh karena itu diperlukan pengendali yang prediktif.Pengendali model predictive control (MPC) dengan constraint digunakan untuk mengendalikan sistem suspensi semi-aktif diskrit hasil identifikasi dari sistem kontinu dengan menggunakan metode identifikasi least square. Perancangan pengendali MPC dilakukan dengan menentukan panjang prediction horizon, control horizon serta matriks bobot Q dan R. Uji pengendalian sistem suspensi semi-aktif menggunakan pengendali MPC dengan constraint dilakukan dengan mengamati kinerja pengendalian perpindahan sprung mass dari sistem suspensi semi-aktif dengan road profile sebagai gangguan sistem. Hasil pengendalian sistem suspensi semi-aktif kontinu dengan half car model yang dilakukan dengan simulasi menunjukkan kinerja pengendalian perpindahan sprung mass yang baik untuk berbagai jenis road profile.

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Ride comfort is one of the important things in automotive industry. The component which took the responsibility in ride comfort are suspension system, one of them is semi-active suspension. An external power source is not needed in semi-active suspension system where the damping coefficient value is adjusted to control the amount of dissipated energy by damper. The characteristics of semi-active suspension system which only can dissipate energy become constraints to control signal appropriate with the state of system. The height of road surface also affect suspension system?s performance as disturbances so in order to overcome that problem a predictive controller is needed.

Controller with model predictive control (MPC) strategy with constraints is used to control discrete semi-active suspension system from identification result of continuous system by using least square identification method. Design of MPC controller is done by determine the length of prediction horizon, control horizon and weight matrix Q and R. The test of semi-active suspension system control using MPC controller with constraints is determined by sprung mass displacement control performance of semi-active suspension system with road profile as disturbances. Simulation result of the control of continuous semi-active suspension system with half car model show that the sprung mass displacement control performance is good for many kinds of road profiles."

"Penggunaan komponen pasif pada sistem suspensi kendaraan mempunyai beberapa kelemahan, yaitu sistem tidak dapat menyesuaikan dengan kondisi permukaan jalan yang mengurangi kenyamanan serta keamanan dalam berkendara. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan menambahkan komponen aktif pada sistem suspensi pasif, yang kemudian lebih dikenal dengan sistem suspensi semi-aktif. Sumber tenaga eksternal tidak diperlukan pada suspensi semi-aktif, sehingga hanya perlu mengubah damping koefisien pada damper. Dengan mengendalikan output berupa suspension deflection dari gangguan eksternal berupa kontur jalan pada model kendaraan full car diperlukan pengendali yang prediktif. Salah satu pengendali prediktif yang umum digunakan dan sudah teruji adalah Model Predictive Control (MPC). MPC digunakan untuk mengendalikan sistem suspensi semi-aktif hasil dari identifikasi sistem dengan metode identifikasi least square bertingkat. Pada laporan skripsi ini diajukan metode simulasi untuk hasil kinerja dari sistem yang akan diuji dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak MATLAB. Sedangkan untuk pengambilan data dan melihat hasil kinerja simulasi pada model kendaraan dengan menggunakan simulator Carsim.

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The use of passive components in vehicle suspension systems has several disadvantages, one of them is the system cannot adjust to road surface conditions that reduce comfort and safety in driving. To overcome this problem can be done by adding active components to the passive suspension system, which is then better known as a semi-active suspension system. External power sources are not required for semi-active suspensions, so only need to change the damping coefficient on the damper. By controlling the output in the form of suspension deflection from external disturbances in the form of road contours on a full car vehicle model, a predictive controller is needed. One predictive controller that is commonly used and tested is the Model Predictive Control (MPC). MPC is used to control the semi-active suspension system as a result of identifying the system with the multistage least square identification method. In this thesis report, a simulation method is proposed for the performance results of the system to be tested using MATLAB software. Meanwhile, to data collecting and see the performance results on vehicle models using the Carsim simulator."

"Saat ini, Asrama Universitas Indonesia memiliki website yang menampilkan informasi umum yang dibutuhkan mahasiswa. Namun website Asrama Universitas Indonesia saat ini terbilang masih memiliki permasalahan dari informasi yang disajikan dan tampilan antarmukanya. Di sisi lain, layanan Asrama yang seharusnya dapat diakses melalui website untuk memudahkan penghuninya saat ini masih harus dilakukan secara langsung ke Tata Usaha Asrama Universitas Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan pada layanan dan website Asrama Universitas Indonesia serta memberikan solusi berupa rancangan desain antarmuka alternatif sehingga dapat meningkatkan usabilitas dan pengalaman penggunanya. Solusi perancangan desain alternatif pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode User Centered Design dengan menerapkan prinsip-prinsip Shneiderman’s Eight Golden Rules of Interface Design. Untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan yang dialami oleh pengguna, penulis melakukan wawancara, menyebarkan kuesioner daring dan system usability scale kepada setiap segmen pengguna layanan dan website Asrama Universitas Indonesia. Berdasarkan data yang dikumpulkan tersebut didapat daftar permasalahan dan saran dari pengguna, keluhan dan saran tersebut digunakan untuk merancang solusi berupa desain antarmuka alternatif website Asrama Universitas Indonesia dengan penambahan fitur layanan di dalamnya. Setelah proses perancangan desain antarmuka alternatif selesai, dilakukan evaluasi terhadap desain tersebut dengan menggunakan usability testing dan system usability scale. Hasil evaluasi desain alternatif dengan menggunakan usability testing mendapatkan hasil yang baik dengan rata-rata success rate sebesar 95,97% dan skor yang didapat dari system usability scale yaitu sebesar 88,86 yang mana merupakan hasil di atas rata-rata yang menunjukkan bahwa desain antarmuka alternatif yang dirancang telah baik dari sisi usabilitas. Dengan demikian, penerapan UCD dan Eight Golden Rules dalam perancangan desain antarmuka serta perbaikan dan penambahan fitur sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna dapat membantu dalam meningkatkan usabilitas dan pengalaman penggunanya dalam menggunakan layanan di Asrama Universitas Indonesia.

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Currently, the University of Indonesia Dormitory has a website that displays general information needed by students. However, the website of the University of Indonesia Dormitory is still facing issues regarding the information presented and its user interface. On the other hand, the services provided by the dormitory, which should be accessible through the website to facilitate its residents, still require direct interaction with the Dormitory Administration. This research aims to identify the problems in the services and website of the University of Indonesia Dormitory and propose a solution in the form of an alternative interface design to improve usability and user experience. The solution of alternative design in this research is carried out using the User-Centered Design method by applying Shneiderman's Eight Golden Rules of Interface Design principles. To identify the problems faced by users, interviews were conducted, online questionnaires and the System Usability Scale were distributed to each segment of users of the services and website of the University of Indonesia Dormitory. Based on the collected data, a list of problems and user suggestions was obtained. These complaints and suggestions were then used to design an alternative interface solution for the website of the University of Indonesia Dormitory, including the addition of service features. After the process of designing the alternative interface was completed, an evaluation was conducted using Usability Testing and the System Usability Scale. The results of the evaluation of the alternative design using Usability Testing yielded good results, with an average success rate of 95.97% and a System Usability Scale score of 88.86, which is above average. This indicates that the designed alternative interface is well-implemented in terms of usability. Thus, the application of UCD and the Eight Golden Rules of interface design, as well as the improvement and addition of features according to user needs, can help enhance the usability and user experience in utilizing the services at the University of Indonesia Dormitory."

"Saat ini, Asrama Universitas Indonesia memiliki website yang menampilkan informasi umum yang dibutuhkan mahasiswa. Namun website Asrama Universitas Indonesia saat ini terbilang masih memiliki permasalahan dari informasi yang disajikan dan tampilan antarmukanya. Di sisi lain, layanan Asrama yang seharusnya dapat diakses melalui website untuk memudahkan penghuninya saat ini masih harus dilakukan secara langsung ke Tata Usaha Asrama Universitas Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan pada layanan dan website Asrama Universitas Indonesia serta memberikan solusi berupa rancangan desain antarmuka alternatif sehingga dapat meningkatkan usabilitas dan pengalaman penggunanya. Solusi perancangan desain alternatif pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode User Centered Design dengan menerapkan prinsip-prinsip Shneiderman’s Eight Golden Rules of Interface Design. Untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan yang dialami oleh pengguna, penulis melakukan wawancara, menyebarkan kuesioner daring dan system usability scale kepada setiap segmen pengguna layanan dan website Asrama Universitas Indonesia. Berdasarkan data yang dikumpulkan tersebut didapat daftar permasalahan dan saran dari pengguna, keluhan dan saran tersebut digunakan untuk merancang solusi berupa desain antarmuka alternatif website Asrama Universitas Indonesia dengan penambahan fitur layanan di dalamnya. Setelah proses perancangan desain antarmuka alternatif selesai, dilakukan evaluasi terhadap desain tersebut dengan menggunakan usability testing dan system usability scale. Hasil evaluasi desain alternatif dengan menggunakan usability testing mendapatkan hasil yang baik dengan rata-rata success rate sebesar 95,97% dan skor yang didapat dari system usability scale yaitu sebesar 88,86 yang mana merupakan hasil di atas rata-rata yang menunjukkan bahwa desain antarmuka alternatif yang dirancang telah baik dari sisi usabilitas. Dengan demikian, penerapan UCD dan Eight Golden Rules dalam perancangan desain antarmuka serta perbaikan dan penambahan fitur sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna dapat membantu dalam meningkatkan usabilitas dan pengalaman penggunanya dalam menggunakan layanan di Asrama Universitas Indonesia.

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Currently, the University of Indonesia Dormitory has a website that displays general information needed by students. However, the website of the University of Indonesia Dormitory is still facing issues regarding the information presented and its user interface. On the other hand, the services provided by the dormitory, which should be accessible through the website to facilitate its residents, still require direct interaction with the Dormitory Administration. This research aims to identify the problems in the services and website of the University of Indonesia Dormitory and propose a solution in the form of an alternative interface design to improve usability and user experience. The solution of alternative design in this research is carried out using the method by applying Shneiderman's Eight Golden Rules of Interface Design principles. To identify the problems faced by users, interviews were conducted, online questionnaires and the System Usability Scale were distributed to each segment of users of the services and website of the University of Indonesia Dormitory. Based on the collected data, a list of problems and user suggestions was obtained. These complaints and suggestions were then used to design an alternative interface solution for the website of the University of Indonesia Dormitory, including the addition of service features. After the process of designing the alternative interface was completed, an evaluation was conducted using Usability Testing and the System Usability Scale. The results of the evaluation of the alternative design using Usability Testing yielded good results, with an average success rate of 95.97% and a System Usability Scale score of 88.86, which is above average. This indicates that the designed alternative interface is well-implemented in terms of usability. Thus, the application of UCD and the Eight Golden Rules of interface design, as well as the improvement and addition of features according to user needs, can help enhance the usability and user experience in utilizing the services at the University of Indonesia Dormitory."

"Saat ini, Asrama Universitas Indonesia memiliki website yang menampilkan informasi umum yang dibutuhkan mahasiswa. Namun website Asrama Universitas Indonesia saat ini terbilang masih memiliki permasalahan dari informasi yang disajikan dan tampilan antarmukanya. Di sisi lain, layanan Asrama yang seharusnya dapat diakses melalui website untuk memudahkan penghuninya saat ini masih harus dilakukan secara langsung ke Tata Usaha Asrama Universitas Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan pada layanan dan website Asrama Universitas Indonesia serta memberikan solusi berupa rancangan desain antarmuka alternatif sehingga dapat meningkatkan usabilitas dan pengalaman penggunanya. Solusi perancangan desain alternatif pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode User Centered Design dengan menerapkan prinsip-prinsip Shneiderman’s Eight Golden Rules of Interface Design. Untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan yang dialami oleh pengguna, penulis melakukan wawancara, menyebarkan kuesioner daring dan system usability scale kepada setiap segmen pengguna layanan dan website Asrama Universitas Indonesia. Berdasarkan data yang dikumpulkan tersebut didapat daftar permasalahan dan saran dari pengguna, keluhan dan saran tersebut digunakan untuk merancang solusi berupa desain antarmuka alternatif website Asrama Universitas Indonesia dengan penambahan fitur layanan di dalamnya. Setelah proses perancangan desain antarmuka alternatif selesai, dilakukan evaluasi terhadap desain tersebut dengan menggunakan usability testing dan system usability scale. Hasil evaluasi desain alternatif dengan menggunakan usability testing mendapatkan hasil yang baik dengan rata-rata success rate sebesar 95,97% dan skor yang didapat dari system usability scale yaitu sebesar 88,86 yang mana merupakan hasil di atas rata-rata yang menunjukkan bahwa desain antarmuka alternatif yang dirancang telah baik dari sisi usabilitas. Dengan demikian, penerapan UCD dan Eight Golden Rules dalam perancangan desain antarmuka serta perbaikan dan penambahan fitur sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna dapat membantu dalam meningkatkan usabilitas dan pengalaman penggunanya dalam menggunakan layanan di Asrama Universitas Indonesia.

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Currently, the University of Indonesia Dormitory has a website that displays general information needed by students. However, the website of the University of Indonesia Dormitory is still facing issues regarding the information presented and its user interface. On the other hand, the services provided by the dormitory, which should be accessible through the website to facilitate its residents, still require direct interaction with the Dormitory Administration. This research aims to identify the problems in the services and website of the University of Indonesia Dormitory and propose a solution in the form of an alternative interface design to improve usability and user experience. The solution of alternative design in this research is carried out using the User-Centered Design method by applying Shneiderman's Eight Golden Rules of Interface Design principles. To identify the problems faced by users, interviews were conducted, online questionnaires and the System Usability Scale were distributed to each segment of users of the services and website of the University of Indonesia Dormitory. Based on the collected data, a list of problems and user suggestions was obtained. These complaints and suggestions were then used to design an alternative interface solution for the website of the University of Indonesia Dormitory, including the addition of service features. After the process of designing the alternative interface was completed, an evaluation was conducted using Usability Testing and the System Usability Scale. The results of the evaluation of the alternative design using Usability Testing yielded good results, with an average success rate of 95.97% and a System Usability Scale score of 88.86, which is above average. This indicates that the designed alternative interface is well-implemented in terms of usability. Thus, the application of UCD and the Eight Golden Rules of interface design, as well as the improvement and addition of features according to user needs, can help enhance the usability and user experience in utilizing the services at the University of Indonesia Dormitory."