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"Tourism is an important sector in developing countries to support economic growth, and coastal areas are famous destinations in tourism. The plan and design for Balekambang coastal area as a tourism destination in East Java, Indonesia has been formulated and published. However, it seems lack ecological and social perspectives. This study examines coral reefs structure as one of the ecological parameter and tourist perspectives as social parameter for destination development evaluation. Twently belt-transect were established along balekambang coastline, and then divided into three sections, the east, the centre and the west sections. Every belt-transect was 200m in length and consist of 15 plots 1x2m. The tourist perspectives to Balekambang were determined using questionnaire among 234 respondent. Based on the Morisita similarity index, the coral reef of east section consists of 2 zones, the centre consists of 5 zones and west section consists of 4 zones. The shannon diversity index (H') among zones at every location was ranged. The diversity index of the east section ranged from 2.07 to 2.72, the central section ranged from 1.32 to 4,20, and the west section ranged from 3.13 to 4.20. Zones that were close to the coastline had lowest diversity indices than zones that located far from the coastline. Mostly, tourists stated that Balekambang was interesting, but the attraction of tourism should be added. Respondent knew there were forest surrounding Balekambang, and it has the possibility to develop as tourism destination. These findings argue that the forest conversion to cottage area that planned by the local government in the west section should be reviewed. It seems forest in the west section should be developed as a forest patk to meet tourist needs and redistribute tourist concentration in the coastline."

"ABSTRAK Skripsi ini membahas mengenai perkembangan pariwisata khususnya pariwisatabuatan di Kota Batu, Indonesia. Tuntutan internasional melihat bahwa semakinberkembangnya pariwisata tentu tidak meninggalkan dampak negatif khususnya padaalam dan kehidupan manusia. Skripsi ini memaparkan konsep pariwisatakeberlanjutan menjadi alternatif bagi industri-industri pariwisata untuk menjagakehidupan alam dan kehidupan manusia dari dampak pariwisata. Tentu, industripariwisata buatan tidak dapat bergerak sendiri menciptakan perkembangan menujupariwisata berkelanjutan, perlu adanya institusi lain yang terlibat. Selanjutnya, skripsiini melihat bagaimana peran institusi Pemerintah Daerah, institusi industri pariwisatabuatan, dan institusi masyarakat sekitar pariwisata buatan dalam mendukungpariwisata buatan menuju pariwisata berkelanjutan. Hasil yang diperoleh bahwaprinsip-prinsip pariwisata berkelanjutan masih belum diimplementasikan padamasing-masing dimensi. Akhirnya pariwisata buatan di Kota Batu masih berupayamenuju pariwisata berkelanjutan. Hasil lain yang diperoleh adalah kelekatankelembagaan yang terjadi masih lemah adanya diantara ketiga institusi, sehinggaperkembangan pariwisata buatan di Kota Batu masih berupaya menuju pariwisataberkelanjutan.

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ABSTRACT This paper discusses about tourism development especially artificial tourism in BatuCity, Indonesia. International demands see that the tourism development certainly notleave the negative impact, especially on the nature and human life. This paperexplains the concept of sustainability tourism for an alternative for tourism industriesto maintain the natural life and human life from the impacts of tourism. As personalinstitution, the artificial tourism can not create the tourism development towardsustainability tourism, and need for other institutions to involved. Furthermore, thispaper sees how embeddedness happens between the Local Government institutions,artificial tourism industry, and local communities of artificial tourism to supporting ofartificial tourism towards sustainability tourism. The results of research is theprinciples of sustainable tourism is still not implemented in dimension ofsustainability tourism. Finally, artificial tourism in City of Batu is still make effortsfor sustainable tourism Institutional embeddedness that happened are weak, so thedevelopment of artificial tourism in Batu City still make efforts for sustainabilitytourism."

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Tesis ini membahas mengenai transformasi ruang kehidupan kampung kumuh yang mengalami intervensi beautifikasi dan menjadi kampung wisata yang berkelanjutan. Beautifikasi merupakan salah satu strategi perbaikan kampung yang telah diaplikasikan di berbagai wilayah Indonesia, namun tidak sedikit yang gagal. Kampung Jodipan merupakan kasus unik, dimana hasil beautifikasi dijadikan objek wisata yang terus dikembangkan secara mandiri setelah adanya peningkatan kualitas hidup penduduk. Transformasi ruang kehidupan dalam penelitian ini menekankan pada perkembangan habitus dan struktur kampung sebagai penggerak utama agent dalam merespon perubahan kondisi eksternalnya. Pemahaman habitus Bourdieu dikembangkan dari konsep penduduk terhadap hasil beautifikasi yang kemudian mempengaruhi agent dan struktur Giddens dalam mereproduksi struktur sosial dan spasial baru agar kampung wisata dapat berkelanjutan. Untuk memahami transformasi habitus dan struktur dalam kampung wisata Jodipan, penelitian berfokus pada perubahan perilaku penduduk dalam kegiatan domestik, ekonomi, struktur sosial dan spasial. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara pengamatan, pengumpulan data kependudukan, wawancara tidak terstruktur dan pemetaan kampung Jodipan. Data akan dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk memahami setiap tahap perubahan. Beautifikasi kampung Jodipan dan adanya kegiatan wisata mendorong perubahan konsep dan sistem sosial penduduk yang berkembang di bawah pengaruh pimpinan kampung. Progam beautifikasi kampung yang berkelanjutan hanya dapat terwujud jika terdapat perubahan konsep bertinggal yang tidak hanya untuk kegiatan domestik, namun juga untuk kegiatan ekonomi, dimana dalam penelitian ini berupa kegiatan wisata. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi bagaimana program perbaikan pada kampung kumuh, terkhusus dengan intervensi fisik, dapat diterapkan dan berkelanjutan.

Kata kunci:

Beautifikasi, Habitus, Struktur, Kampung, Wisata

 

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The thesis discusses a transformation of the slum-dwelling living space after beautification and transforming into a sustainable tourism village. The beautification is one slum upgrading strategy applied in various regions in Indonesia, although many resulted in failure. However, Kampung Jodipan is a unique case where the beautification result has made to become tourism attractions, leading to the improvement of the economic condition of the villagers. The concept of living space transformation emphasizes the habitus and structure in inhabitants as a formation agent in responding to the change in their external condition. The understanding of habitus developed from the inhabitant concept of the beautification results. The transformation concept affects the reproduction of social structure and space aims to turn the village into a sustainable tourism village. This research focuses on the change inhabitants attitude towards domestic, social, and economic activities, social structure and spatial. To understand the changing, research was gathered through observation, semi-structured interview and participatory mapping of the physical condition of the neighborhood, as the source for descriptive analysis, with qualitative analysis methods. The finding demonstrates the beautification and tourism activity transforming the concept and the social system which developed by the community leaders authorizing. Sustainable tourism village will only happen if there is a change in the living concept, in which living is not only solely purposed for domestic activities, but also for economic activities. This research will give insight on how beautification as slum improvement program can be applicable and sustainable.

Key words:

Beautification, Habitus, Structure, Kampung, Tourism

 

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"This study aims to investigate whether there is seawater intrusion into the coastal-aquifer of the northern coast of Central Java and to study the seawater intrusion movement along the corresponding coastal area, particularly from the district of Brebes to Kendal. Geo-electrical sounding technique was applied by producing cross-section of resistivity value which were perpendicular to the eleven locations at the same spot. Resistivity shown in the cross section is the resistivity of the rock composition and the water in the aquifer. In this case, saline water has resistivity less than 1 ohm meter. Result shows that in 1989, among the eleven measured locations, there was only one location indicated interface between fresh water and saline water. This was at the cross section number 5 obtained in Pemalang. In 1996, there were 6 locations indicated the occurrence of interface. Connate saline water was detected at every cross section with various depths."

"ABSTRAKProgram yang dianggap penting oleh pemerintah terkadang tidak mampu mencapai target kinerja yang ditetapkan. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh kurangnya alokasi anggaran atau program tersebut sebenarnya kurang bermanfaat bagi masyarakat, sehingga perlu didesain ulang atau porsi anggarannya digeser untuk program lain yang lebih bermanfaat. Penelitian ini menggunakan Program Assessment Rating Tool untuk mengevaluasi Program 12 Jalur Destinasi Wisata Pesisir dengan menilai tujuan program, bagaimana perencanaan dan pelaksanaannya, serta manajemen dan pencapaiannya sehingga dapat diketahui hubungan antara sumber daya yang dialokasikan dengan hasil pelaksanaan program. Skor PART sebesar 36% menunjukkan bahwa program tidak efektif.

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ABSTRACTSometimes a program that is considered as important by the government is unable to achieve its performance targets. It could be caused by the lack of budget allocation or the program is actually less useful for the community that needs to be redesigned or its budget portion should be shifted to other important programs. This research used Program Assessment Rating Tool to evaluate the 12 Coastal Tourism Destination Program by assessed it goals, how it was designed and implemented, management and the results that have been achieved, to see the relationship between resource allocations to the program outcomes. 36% PART score means the program was ineffective."

"Evaluasi ini bertujuan untuk melihat proses pengelolaan program desa wisata oleh BP Dewi Tetebatu. Tujuan lainnya yaitu untuk mengetahui keberhasilan desa wisata berdasarkan aspek partisipasi dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Hal ini karena keterlibatan masyarakat dalam proses pengembangannya penting untuk memicu desa wisata yang partisipatif. Studi sebelumnya terkait evaluasi desa wisata fokus pada hasilnya saja, sehingga penting untuk mengevaluasi proses pengelolaan programnya. Maka, evaluasi ini akan berfokus pada evaluasi proses pengelolaan desa wisata oleh BP Dewi. Studi ini menggunakan metode means-ends structures untuk mengetahui kesesuaian program dengan tujuan awalnya. Metode ini tepat digunakan karena mampu membantu peneliti melihat proses input hingga impact suatu program. Hasil evaluasi berdasarkan metode ini menunjukkan bahwa proses pengelolaan desa wisata oleh BP Dewi di Tetebatu sudah berjalan baik. Melalui program SMI dan BAS, BP Dewi berhasil membuat masyarakat mampu mengelola dan mempromosikan destinasi wisatanya. Terkait tata kelola, masyarakat sudah mampu memberikan hospitality sesuai standar kepada pengunjung. Kemudian, pelaku wisata sudah mampu mempromosikan usahanya secara mandiri maupun kolaborasi dengan agen perjalanan wisata. Hasil ini tercapai karena partisipasi aktif masyarakat dalam setiap proses pengelolaan desa wisata.

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This evaluation aims to see the process of managing the tourism village program by BP Dewi Tetebatu. Another goal is to determine the success of the tourism village based on aspects of community participation and empowerment. This is because community involvement in the development process is important to trigger a participatory tourism village. Previous studies related to the evaluation of tourism villages focus on the results only, so it is important to evaluate the program management process. Thus, this evaluation will focus on evaluating the process of tourism village management by BP Dewi. This study uses the means-ends structures method to determine the suitability of the program with its initial objectives. This method is appropriate to use because it is able to help researchers see the input process to the impact of a program. The results of the evaluation based on this method show that the process of tourism village management by BP Dewi in Tetebatu has been running well. Through the SMI and BAS programs, BP Dewi succeeded in making the community able to manage and promote their tourist destinations. Regarding governance, the community has been able to provide hospitality according to standards to visitors. Then, tourism actors have been able to promote their businesses independently and collaborate with travel agents. These results were achieved due to the active participation of the community in every process of managing the tourism village."

"Peningkatan aktivitas budidaya di pantai utara Jawa secara signifikan menurunkan fungsi ekologis mangrove sebagai pelindung alami pantai dari pasang naik dan naiknya permukaan laut, sehingga menyebabkan kerentanan pantai terhadap banjir rob dan genangan berulang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1). pengkajian karakteristik fisik pesisir dan kerawanan sosial masyarakat nelayan terhadap banjir rob, (2). membuat peta zonasi kerentanan, dan (3). membangun model ketahanan pantai. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode indeks kerentanan pesisir (CVI) dan indeks kerentanan sosial (SoVI). Hasil penelitian menyajikan 22,13 persen dan 24,56 persen garis pantai di wilayah penelitian masing-masing memiliki nilai CVI tinggi dan sangat tinggi. Selain itu, nilai SoVI +1,76 juga menunjukkan kerentanan sosial tinggi terhadap banjir Rob. Berdasarkan analisis nilai kerentanan tersebut, penelitian ini mengusulkan  model strategi penanaman mangrove dengan wanamina tipe komplangan selebar 100 m sepanjang pesisir Kecamatan Indramayu untuk ketangguhan pesisir berkelanjutan. Hasil simulasi model menunjukkan strategi ini dapat menurunkan kerentanan dan meningkatkan pendapatan tambak secara signifikan. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada konsep 'kerentanan' dan 'ketangguhan', dengan menyoroti kapasitas adaptif lokal. Temuan memberi masukan bagi pembuat kebijakan untuk memberi dukungan mitigasi dan adaptasi yang relevan dalam mengaktivasi kapasitas adaptasi komunitas penambak.

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Increased aquaculture activity on the north coast of Java significantly decreases the ecological function of mangroves as natural protectors of the coastal from high tides and sea-level rise, therefore causing coastal vulnerability to tidal flooding and repeated inundation. The objectives of this study were: (1). assessment of the physical coastal characteristic and social vulnerability of fishing communities to Rob flooding, (2). create a vulnerability zoning map, and (3). build a coastal resilience model. This study uses the coastal vulnerability index (CVI) and the social vulnerability index (SoVi) methods. The results showed that 22.13 percent and 24.56 percent of the coastline in the study area had high and very high CVI values, respectively. In addition, the SoVI value of +1.76 also indicates a high social vulnerability to Rob floods. Based on the analysis of the vulnerability value, this study proposes a strategic model of mangrove planting with silvofishery (Komplangan) with a width of 100 m along the coast of Indramayu District for sustainable coastal resilience. The model simulation results show that this strategy can significantly reduce vulnerability and increase pond income. This research contributes to the concepts of 'vulnerability' and 'resilient', by highlighting local adaptive capacities. The findings provide input for policymakers to relevant mitigation and adaptation support to activate the adaptive capacity of fishing communities."

"ABSTRAKHal yang mendasari penelitian ini bahwa secara holistik, pertambahan penduduk dan aktivitas manusia telah mendorong menurunnya kualitas lingkungan. Laju pertambahan penduduk merupakan masalah pokok dalam perkembangan permukiman yang menuntut peningkatan kebutuhan akan tersedianya air bersih sebagai sumber kehidupan. Sedangkan perumahan ataupun bangunan sebagai sarana untuk berlindung atau melakukan kegiatan lain. Di samping itu perilaku masyarakat juga ikut menentukan terhadap kualitas lingkungan.Perkembangan permukiman menunjukkan bahwa antara luasan bangunan dan liputan bangunan (building coverage) sebagai permukiman tidak sebanding dengan kemampuan ketersediaan air bersih dalam mensuplai akan kebutuhan yang diperlukan.Sejauh ini kawasan pariwisata pantai Pangandaran dalam perkembangannya mempunyai potensi untuk dapat menarik wisatawan dan pertambahan penduduk. Daya tarik lingkungan pantai kawasan pariwisata ini cenderung dieksploitasi secara berlebihan (over exploited) bila tidak dikendalikan secara terencana dan hati-hati. Indikasi adanya eksploitasi lingkungan secara tidak terencana terlihat dengan banyaknya pembangunan sarana akomodasi pariwisata. Implikasi dari kenyataan tersebut merupakan perlakuan terhadap keseimbangan ekologis tata air menjadi tidak terkontrol.Oleh karena itu, perkembangan permukiman daerah Pangandaran merupakan konsekuensi logis dari pembangunan. Perkembangan permukiman kawasan Pangandaran akan cenderung mengarah kepada skala kota sebagai tantangan dan permasalahan pembangunan.Dari uraian tersebut timbul suatu permasalahan, khususnya berkaitan dengan informasi tentang daya dukung air tanah serta penataan permukiman di samping kondisi perilaku masyarakatnya. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu penilaian terhadap kuantitas dan kualitas air tanah. Selanjutnya mengkonversikan ' kuantitas air tanah terhadap kebutuhan ruang dari jumlah penduduk, dan bagaimana hubungannya kondisi air tanah dengan perilaku masyarakat.Tujuan penelitian adalah: 1) untuk mengetahui daya dukung dalam hal kuantitas dan kualitas air tanah; 2) untuk mengukur kebutuhan ruang, dalam hal ini jumlah luas bangunan berdasarkan kuantitas air tanah; 3) untuk mengidentifikasi perilaku masyarakat dalam pelestarian lingkungan air tanah.Jenis data yang diperlukan adalah data fisik dan data sosial. Data fisik untuk kuantitas air tanah dilakukan dengan uji pemompaan atau pemulihan Theis (Theis Recovery) dengan menggunakan alat Automatic Water Level Recorded (AWLR) dan pengeboran dengan Auger Hole. vntuk kualitas air tanah dilakukan analisis laboratorium. Data sosial dilakukan dengan random sampling. Besarnya sampel adalah sebesar 225 responden. Adapun populasi diambil dari proporsi 3 (tiga) registrasi desa yang merupakan kawasan pariwisata yaitu Desa Pangandaran, Desa Pananjung, dan Desa Babakan. Dalam analisis data sosial, untuk melihat adanya korelasi antara kondisi air tanah dengan perilaku masyarakat digunakan metode regresi berganda.Kesimpulan umum hasil penelitian ini adalah; kawasan pariwisata Pangandaran saat ini masih terjaga kondisi lingkungan air tanahnya, walaupun tingkat kesadaran masyarakatnya terhadap lingkungan relatif masih rendah. Namun demikian pada tahun mendatang ± 2018 perlu diantisipasi kondisi air tanahnya, dengan memperhatikan tingkat kedatangan wisatawan dan pertumbuhan penduduk yang mungkin terjadi.Secara parsial dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1) Kawasan pariwisata pantai Pangandaran menurut Schmidt dan Ferguson termasuk tipe A. Dengan kata lain, daerah penelitian tidak pernah terjadi periode bulan kering; 2) Klasifikasi nilai infiltrasi 80,4 mm/jam, menurut Richard dan Cossens > 53 mm/jam (tingkat infiltrasi sangat tinggi) daerah penelitian merupakan daerah umpan (recharge area) yang sangat baik; 3) Umpan air tanah yang berasal dari air hujan sebesar 4.304.995 m3/tahun. Selain dari air hujan, air tanah daerah penelitian berasal dari daerah di atasnya; 4) Pengukuran air tanah dengan metode pemulihan Theis (Theis Recovery Method) dan metode lobang pengeboran (Auger Hole Method) menghasilkan debit air tanah maksimum sebesar 57.693,40 m3/hari, sedangkan debit optimum sebesar 40.385,38 m3/hari. Adapun setiap Ha adalah sebesar 32,7 m3/hari; 5) Debit air tanah selama' kurun waktu 12 tahun terjadi penurunan setiap Ha sebesar 0,13 m3/hari; 6) Mengambil sampel wawancara dari penduduk sebesar 225 orang dapat dihasilkan pemakaian air per orang sebesar 115,65 1/hari. Adapun terhadap pengunjung dengan sampel sejumlah 25 orang atau 20% dari pengunjung rata-rata yang menginap per hari adalah sebesar 109,57 1/hari; 7) Berdasarkan debit air tanah optimal dan pemakaian air orang per hari dapat dihasilkan pengguna air tanah pada lokasi penelitian sebesar 349.112 orang; 8) Kualitas air tanah secara umum memenuhi syarat sebagai air minum. Masuknya air laut ke daratan (water intrusion) pada daerah penelitian dengan menggunakan metode Ghyben-Herzberg sampai saat ini belum terjadi. Semakin jauh dari pantai, semakin dalam posisi garis singgung antara air tanah tawar dengan air tanah asin (interface). Pada jarak 500 m dari pantai kedalaman interface berkisar 10 m, sehingga dapat dipastikan untuk tidak mengambil air tanah melebihi kedalaman 10 m pada jarak tersebut; 9) Dengan pengguna air tanah pada lokasi penelitian sejumlah 349.112 orang, dibutuhkan ruang untuk bangunan maksimum sebesar 29.674.520 m2. Sedang dengan liputan bangunan {Building Coverage) sebesar 40% di dapat jumlah lantai sejumlah 4 (empat) lantai dengan koefisien lantai bangunan (Floor Area Ratio/ FAR) sebesar 0,4 untuk bangunan perumahan permukiman dan 0,63 untuk bangunan hotel; 10) Perilaku masyarakat kawasan pariwisata Pangandaran dapat memperburuk kuantitas dan kualitas air tanah, dengan kata lain perkembangan permukiman di kawasan tersebut mampu mempengaruhi air tanah; 11) Sebagian besar kepedulian masyarakat di kawasan pariwisata Pangandaran terhadap lingkungan "relatif rendah". Hal ini terbukti bahwa hanya sebanyak 38% yang membuang sampah ditempat sampah sedang sisanya dengan cara lain. Adapun untuk limbah cair hanya 30% yang membuat septic tank dengan peresapan sedang sisanya dengan cara lain.

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ABSTRACT

The basis of this research is that holistically the population increase and human activities have caused deterioration of the environment quality. The rate of population increase is a major problem in settlement development, which demand an increase in water availability as a means for protection and performing other activities. Besides, the community behavior also determines the environment quality.

The settlement development indicates that it is not balanced between building area and building coverage with ability to provide to clean water in order to supply the needs.

So, far, the tourism area of Pangandaran beach in its development has a potential to attract tourists and population increase. The tourism beach area attractiveness tend to be overexploited if it' is not controlled with a well planned and coutious activities. The indication that there is environment exploitation can be seen in various tourism accommodation facilities development.

The implication of the fact is a treatment of water system ecological equilibrium which is not control.

Therefore, the settlement development in Pangandaran area is a logical consequence of the development. The Pangandaran area settlement development tends toward a city scale as a challenge and development problem.

From the above description there is one problem, especially those related with information regarding the ground water support capability and settlement arrangement, beside the community behavior condition. Therefore, an appraisal of quality and quantity of ground water is needed. Then how to convert the ground water quality to demand for space due to population increase, what is the relationship between ground water condition and the community behavior.

The purpose of the research is 1) to recognize the support capability in terms of quantity and quality of, ground water; 2) to measure the demand for space, in this case the building area based on the ground water; 3) to identify the community behavior in conservation of the ground water environment. The type of data needed is physical data and social data. In order to obtain the physical data for the ground water quantity, a Theis Recovery pumping test is performed by using AWLR (Automatic Water Level Recorder) and boring with Auger Hole. In order to obtain the ground water quality a laboratories analysis is performed. 'The social data is obtained by random sampling. The number of sample is estimated around 225 respondents. While the population is taken proportionately from 3 registration villages which include in the tourism area that is Pangandaran, Pananjung and Babakan. In analysis of the social data in order to see the corelationship between the ground water condition and the community behavior we use a multiple regression method.

The general conclusion of the research is that : the ground water environment condition of Pangandaran tourism area currently is still well maintained, even though the community awareness toward the environment is still relatively low. However, in the next 2018 the ground water condition should be anticipated, by considering the tourists flow and the possible population increase.

Partially it can be concluded that: 1) The Tourism area of Pangandaran beach according to Schmidt and Ferguson includes in type A area. In other words, in the research area never happened a dry month period; 2) The infiltration value classification is 80.4 mm/hour, according to Richard and Cossens > 53 mm/hour (the infiltration rate is very high). The researched area is a very good recharge area. 3)' The recharge area which results from rainfall which is 4,304,995 m3/year. Beside the rainfall, the ground water of the researched area results from the above area; 4) The ground water measurement with Theis Recovery Method and Auger Hole Method produce the ground water discharge of maximum 57,693.40 m3/day, and so the optimum water discharge is 40,385.38 m3/day. While each hectare of the maximum water discharge is 32.7 m3/day; 5) The ground water discharge during the 12 years period decrease 0.13 m3/day for each Ha; 6) Having taken interview samples from 225 population the water consumption is 115.65 1/day. While sampling on 25 visitors or 20% of the average visitors that stay overnight, the water consumption is 109.57 1/day; 7) Based on optimum the ground water discharge and individual daily water consumption, the supporting capability is 349,112 people; 8) The ground water quality in general satisfies as drink water. The water intrusion from the sea in the researched area by using the Ghyben-Herzberg method until now has not occurred. The farther from the coast area, the deeper the position of the tangential point between the fresh ground water and the salt ground water (interface). At a distance of 500 m from the coast area, the interface is about 10 in, that it can be certain that it is not allowed to take the ground water at a distance greater than 10m; 9) With the supporting capability of 349,112 people, the space building needed is 29,674,520 m2. With Building Coverage 40% we found out the stories is 4 with Floor Area Ratio of 0.4 for housing building and 0.63 for hotel building; 10) The behavior of the community in the Pangandaran tourism area can deteriorate the quantity and quality of the ground water; 11) The concern of the people in the Pangandaran tourism area toward the environment is "relatively low". This turns out that only 38% of the people that pitch the garbage in its place while the rest pitch in other place. While for liquid waste is only 30% which make the septic tank including infiltration while the rest pitch in other ways.

Pages : xxiii Introduction, 141 Contents, 29 Tables, 9 Figures, 56 Appendics."