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"Indonesia faces serious problems in agricultural development and its relation to foodsecurity, employment, and sustainability. Today, Indonesia is importer country of riceand other commodities that can actually flourish in Indonesia. Meanwhile, currentlyIndonesia is becoming the world’s biggest producer and exporter of palm—oil. Ironically,Indonesia has converted the most fertile agricultural land to other uses, and cut downits timber for the sake of planting oil palm. Indonesia also faces unemploymentproblem. Agricultural sector is unattractive to young people. Agricultural sector shouldkeep growing to be able to assure food security and absorb labor force. However, thereis no guarantee that modern, eflicient, and innovative agriculture requires large scalefarming (corporate farming)."

"Agricultural Census 2013 shows agricultural sector as a provider of food, as well aslivelihoods of majority of Indonesian people. The various agricultural sub—sectorsdevelop mainly in Java and Bali, particularly food crops, horticulture, plantation,and animal husbandries. Most of the agricultural processing and services are alsoconcentrated here. Social exclusion of smallholder households, as well as centralizingcontrol of big land, are simultaneously happened, also lowest layers of the ruler of theland of the most marginalized. Meanwhile, about 45 percent of land (O45-30 hectares)are owned by only 11 percent of affluent households. Clearly agricultural developmenttrajectory for peasant is still far away to reach."

"ABSTRAKBeras merupakan komoditas yang sangat penting dan memiliki nilai strategis yang tinggi di Indonesia. Beras merupakan bahan pangan pokok bagi masyarakat Indonesia, khususnya pada wilayah Jabodetabek. Permintaan akan Beras terus meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya pula pertumbuhan penduduk, namun fenomena ini tidak dapat diimbangi dengan jumlah pasokan yang memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan model konseptual dari sediaan beras di Indonesia, khususnya Jabodetabek dengan fokus kepada interaksi antara aspek Pasokan-permintaan dengan stabilitas harga, untuk mengukur dampak dari strategi penyediaan beras di Jabodetabek.

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ABSTRACTRice is a strategic and important commodity in Indonesia with its impacts on inflation rate. Rice is the staple food of most Indonesians. In general, the Indonesian government has been unsuccessful in controlling the supply chain of rice that resulted in the high price of national rice comparing to the world price. This study aims to understand the rice supply chain in Indonesia so that a better long term policy could be in place to dampen the fluctuation of rice distribution comparing with the demand. Using model conceptualization of the case study area in Jakarta and its surrounding, the analysis will start with the historical policy of Rice in Indonesia, the current policy in place by the current administration and the way to move forward."

"ABSTRAKProducer Support Estimate diakui sebagai indikator proteksi sektor agrikultur terbaik karena karakteristiknya yang memungkinkan untuk melihat proteksi secara menyeluruh dari hulu ke hilir. Namun demikian, indikator ini tidak memperhatikan dampak penyimpangan nilai tukar terhadap tingkat proteksi sehingga dapat menimbulkan bias pada analisa proteksi negara bersangkutan. Penelitian ini dibuat untuk menganalisa tingkat proteksi pada sektor agrikultur Indonesia dengan memperhitungkan dampak penyimpangan nilai tukar pada perhitungan PSE. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menghitung nilai tukar riil ekuilibrium untuk Indonesia pada tahun 1993-2009 dengan menggunakan model Montiel (1999). Variabel yang digunakan adalah proxy dari nilai tukar riil, komponen konsumsi dalam pengeluaran pemerintah, Balassa-Samuelson Effect, Terms of Trade, arus modal bersih, dan liberalisasi ekonomi. Dampak penyimpangan lalu dihitung dengan melihat selisih nilai tukar nominal dan nilai tukar nominal ekuilibrium untuk kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam perhitungan PSE baru. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dampak penyimpangan nilai tukar rupiah signifikan pada PSE untuk Indonesia, khususnya saat ekonomi sedang stabil. Nilai PSE akan semakin bias saat penyimpangan semakin besar. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa usaha pemerintah untuk melakukan proteksi atau disproteksi pada sektor agrikultur dapat terganggu dengan adanya penyimpangan nilai tukar.

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ABSTRACTProducer Support Estimate is an indicator that is approved by many researchers as the best measure to estimate the level of agriculture protection because of its ability to include protection at all levels of production. However, the current PSE indicator does not include the effect of exchange rate alignment and can result to a bias in the analysis of a country's protection. This study is written to provide an analysis of Indonesia?s agricultural protection using a modified PSE that takes into account the effect of exchange rate misalignment as a source of reference. The study uses Montiel?s (1999) model to determine Indonesia?s equilibrium real exchange rate from 1993-2009. The variable used are a proxy of Real Exchange Rate, Balassa-Samuelson Effect, Government Consumption Expenditure, Terms of Trade, Net Capital Inflow, and Economic Liberalization. The gap between the model?s nominal?s exchange rate and observed nominal exchange rate is used to calculate the new PSE. The study shows that exchange rate alignment is significantly affecting the level of protection measured by PSE. Result shows that a higher misalignment would lead to a higher bias in PSE calculation. The government?s effort to protect or diprotect the agricultural sector may be hampered by the exchange rate alignment effect."

"Penyakit infeksi pada balita merupakan masalah kesehatan yang perlu ditangani karena menjadi penyebab langsung kematian balita dan stunting. Salah satu penyebab tidak langsung dari penyakit infeksi balita adalah kerawanan pangan. Meskipun beberapa bukti saat ini menunjukkan ada hubungan antara kerawanan pangan dengan penyakit infeksi pada balita tetapi masih sedikit bukti yang meneliti hubungan ini di negara berpenghasilan sedang dan rendah seperti di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kerawanan pangan dengan penyakit infeksi pada balita di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan data SSGI Tahun 2021. Hubungan antara kerawanan pangan dengan penyakit infeksi dikontrol oleh variabel kovariat. Analisis multivariat dilakukan menggunakan uji multiple multinomial logistic untuk memperoleh nilai OR adjusted. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan balita dari rumah tangga dengan rawan pangan ringan berisiko 1,367 kali, rawan pangan sedang berisiko 1,490 dan pada rawan pangan berat 1,500 kali. Begitu juga risiko untuk menderita lebih dari satu penyakit infeksi. Balita dari rumah tangga dengan rawan pangan ringan berisiko 1,685 kali, pada rawan pangan sedang 2,418 kali dan rawan pangan berat 2,596 kali. Dapat disimpulkan risiko balita untuk menderita satu penyakit infeksi maupun lebih dari satu penyakit infeksi semakin meningkat seiring dengan level kerawanan pangan rumah tangga.

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Infectious diseases in toddlers are a health problem that needs to be addressed because they are a direct cause of toddlers deaths and stunting. One of the indirect causes of infant infection is food insecurity. Although some current evidence shows that there is a relationship between food insecurity and infectious diseases in toddlers, there is still little evidence examining this relationship in middle and low income countries such as Indonesia. Therefore this study aims to determine the relationship between food insecurity and infectious diseases in toddlers in Indonesia. The research was conducted with a cross-sectional design using SSGI data for 2021. The relationship between food insecurity and infectious diseases was controlled by covariate variables. Multivariate analysis was performed using the multiple multinomial logistic test to obtain an adjusted OR value. The results showed that toddlers from households with mild food insecurity had a risk of 1,367 times, moderate food insecurity had a risk of 1,490 and in severe food insecurity 1.500 times. Likewise, the risk of children suffering from more than one infectious disease. Toddlers from households with mild food insecurity have a risk of 1,685 times, in moderate food insecurity 2,418 times and severe food insecurity 2,596 times. It can be concluded that the risk of toddlers suffering from one infectious disease or more than one infectious disease increases along with the level of household food insecurity."