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"As a member of 18 glycosyl hydrolase(GH), chitotriosidase (Chitinase 1, CHIT1) is a true chitinase mainly expressed in the differentiated family polarized macrophages. CHIT1 is an immune mediator that digest the cell walls of chitin-containing eukaryotic pathogens, such as fungi. These However CHIT1 is dysregulated in granulomatous and fibrotic interstitial lung diseases characterized by inflammation and tissue remodeling. These include tuberclosis, sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis interstitial lung diseases(SSc-ILD) and chronic obstructive of lung diseases(COPD). CHIT1 serum correlates with the progression or the severity of these diseases, suggesting a potential use of CHIT1 as a biomarker or a therapeutic target. concentration genetically modified mice demonstrate that CHIT1 enhances TGF-A1 receptor Recent studies with genetically modified mice demonstrate that CHIT1 enhances TGF-beta1 receptor expression and signaling, suggesting a role in initiating or amplifying the response to organ injury and repair. This additional activity is independent of its enzymatic activity. These studies suggest that CHIT1 serves a bridging function; it is both an innate immune mediator and regulator of COPD enzymatic These studies suggest that CHIT1 serves a bridging and tissue remodeling. This review will focus on recent data linking CHIT1 to the pathogenesis of inflammation, interstitial lung disease, and COPD."

"ABSTRAK Latar belakang : Penelitian ini merupakan studi awal untuk mengukur kapasitasdifusi paru DLCO-SB ipada pasien PPOK di RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta untukmengetahui prevalens penurunan nilai DLCO pada pasien PPOK.Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang (cross sectional study) pada pasien PPOK yang berkunjung di Poliklinik Asma-PPOK RSUPPersahabatan Jakarta. Dilakukan uji spirometri dan DLCO pada pasien PPOKyang diambil secara konsekutif antara bulan Mei-Juli 2015. Komorbiditas jugadicatat.Hasil : Uji Spirometri and DLCO dilakukan pada 65 subjek didapatkan 7 subjek (10,8%) termasuk kedalam PPOK Grup A, 19 subjek (29,2%) PPOK Grup B, 21subjek (32,3%) PPOK grup C dan 18 subjek (27,7%) PPOK grup D. rerata usia64,15 (45-89) tahun;rerata VEP1% 46,05%, rerata nilai DLCO 19,42ml/menit/mmHg dan rerata DLCO % adalah 72.00%. prevalens penurunanDLCO pasien PPOK adalah 56,92% (37/65 subjek) sedangkan 28 subjek dengannilai DLCO normal. Ditemukan 15 subjek (23,07%) dengan penurunan ringan, 18subjek (27.69%) penurunan sedang dan 4 subjek (6,15%) dengan penurunan berat.Ditemukan 47 subjek (72,3%) memiliki komorbid. Terdapat hubungan bermaknaantara grup PPOK, derajat spirometri, VEP1, IMT dan komorbiditas dengan nilaihasil uji DLCO. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara nilai DLCO denganjenis kelamin, umur, riwayat merokok, Indeks Brinkmann, obstruksi-restriksi danlama terdiagnosis PPOK.Kesimpulan : Proporsi penurunan nilai DLCO pada pasien PPOK adalah 56,92%. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara grup PPOK, derajat spirometri,VEP1, IMT dan riwayat TB dengan nilai hasil uji DLCO. Tidak terdapathubungan bermakna antara nilai DLCO dengan jenis kelamin, umur, riwayatmerokok, Indeks Brinkmann, obstruksi-restriksi, komorbid dan lama terdiagnosisPPOK.ABSTRACT Background and the aim of study : This is a preliminary study to measureDLCO-SB in COPD patients in Persahabatan Hospital. The aim of the study is toknow the magnitude of disturbance in diffusing capacity of the lung in COPDpatients.Methods : This was a cross sectional study in which COPD patients attending COPD-Asthma clinic in Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta were performed spirometryand DLCO-SB consecutively between May 2015?July 2015. Comorbiditiesconditions were also recorded.Results : Spirometry and DLCO-SB measurement were conducted on 65 COPDsubjects of which 7 subjects (10.8%) were COPD Group A, 19 subjects (29.2%)were Group B, 21 subjects (32.3%) were COPD group C and 18 subjects (27.7%)were COPD group D. The mean age was 64.15 (45-89); mean FEV1% was46.05%, mean DLCO measured was 19.42 ml/min/mmHg and the mean DLCO%was 72.00%. The prevalence of decreasing in diffusing capacity of the lung inCOPD patients was 56.92% (37 subjects) While 28 subjects were normal. Therewere 15 subjects (23.07%) with mild decrease in DLCO, 18 subjects (27.69%)were moderate decrease and 4 subjects (6.15%) with severe decrease. 47 subjects(72.3%) had comorbid conditions. There was significant correlation between grupCOPD, GOLD COPD grade, VEP1, BMI and comorbidities with magnitude ofdecreasing DLCO value. There was no correlation between DLCO value with sex,smoking history, Brinkmann index, age, obstruction-mix criteria, length of COPDperiod. Conclusion : The proportion of decreasing in DLCO in COPD patients are56.92%. There is significant correlation among the group of COPD, GOLDCOPD grade, VEP1, BMI and previous TB history with magnitude of decreasingDLCO value. There is no correlation between DLCO value with sex, smokinghistory, brinkmann index, age, obstruction-mix criteria, comorbidities and lengthof COPD period. ;Background and the aim of study : This is a preliminary study to measureDLCO-SB in COPD patients in Persahabatan Hospital. The aim of the study is toknow the magnitude of disturbance in diffusing capacity of the lung in COPDpatients.Methods : This was a cross sectional study in which COPD patients attending COPD-Asthma clinic in Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta were performed spirometryand DLCO-SB consecutively between May 2015?July 2015. Comorbiditiesconditions were also recorded.Results : Spirometry and DLCO-SB measurement were conducted on 65 COPDsubjects of which 7 subjects (10.8%) were COPD Group A, 19 subjects (29.2%)were Group B, 21 subjects (32.3%) were COPD group C and 18 subjects (27.7%)were COPD group D. The mean age was 64.15 (45-89); mean FEV1% was46.05%, mean DLCO measured was 19.42 ml/min/mmHg and the mean DLCO%was 72.00%. The prevalence of decreasing in diffusing capacity of the lung inCOPD patients was 56.92% (37 subjects) While 28 subjects were normal. Therewere 15 subjects (23.07%) with mild decrease in DLCO, 18 subjects (27.69%)were moderate decrease and 4 subjects (6.15%) with severe decrease. 47 subjects(72.3%) had comorbid conditions. There was significant correlation between grupCOPD, GOLD COPD grade, VEP1, BMI and comorbidities with magnitude ofdecreasing DLCO value. There was no correlation between DLCO value with sex,smoking history, Brinkmann index, age, obstruction-mix criteria, length of COPDperiod. Conclusion : The proportion of decreasing in DLCO in COPD patients are56.92%. There is significant correlation among the group of COPD, GOLDCOPD grade, VEP1, BMI and previous TB history with magnitude of decreasingDLCO value. There is no correlation between DLCO value with sex, smokinghistory, brinkmann index, age, obstruction-mix criteria, comorbidities and lengthof COPD period. ;Background and the aim of study : This is a preliminary study to measureDLCO-SB in COPD patients in Persahabatan Hospital. The aim of the study is toknow the magnitude of disturbance in diffusing capacity of the lung in COPDpatients.Methods : This was a cross sectional study in which COPD patients attending COPD-Asthma clinic in Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta were performed spirometryand DLCO-SB consecutively between May 2015?July 2015. Comorbiditiesconditions were also recorded.Results : Spirometry and DLCO-SB measurement were conducted on 65 COPDsubjects of which 7 subjects (10.8%) were COPD Group A, 19 subjects (29.2%)were Group B, 21 subjects (32.3%) were COPD group C and 18 subjects (27.7%)were COPD group D. The mean age was 64.15 (45-89); mean FEV1% was46.05%, mean DLCO measured was 19.42 ml/min/mmHg and the mean DLCO%was 72.00%. The prevalence of decreasing in diffusing capacity of the lung inCOPD patients was 56.92% (37 subjects) While 28 subjects were normal. Therewere 15 subjects (23.07%) with mild decrease in DLCO, 18 subjects (27.69%)were moderate decrease and 4 subjects (6.15%) with severe decrease. 47 subjects(72.3%) had comorbid conditions. There was significant correlation between grupCOPD, GOLD COPD grade, VEP1, BMI and comorbidities with magnitude ofdecreasing DLCO value. There was no correlation between DLCO value with sex,smoking history, Brinkmann index, age, obstruction-mix criteria, length of COPDperiod. Conclusion : The proportion of decreasing in DLCO in COPD patients are56.92%. There is significant correlation among the group of COPD, GOLDCOPD grade, VEP1, BMI and previous TB history with magnitude of decreasingDLCO value. There is no correlation between DLCO value with sex, smokinghistory, brinkmann index, age, obstruction-mix criteria, comorbidities and lengthof COPD period. "

"Latar Belakang: Jumlah kasus KPKBSK diperkirakan 85% dari seluruh kasus kanker paru dan 40% diantaranya adalah jenis adenokarsinoma. Sebanyak 10%-30% pasien adenokarsinoma mengalami mutasi EGFR dan mendapatkan terapi EGFR-TKI. Mayoritas pasien KPKBSK memiliki respons dan toleransi baik terhadap terapi EGFR- TKI tetapi sebagian kecil pasien mengalami penyakit paru interstisial akibat EGFR- TKI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proporsi gambaran penyakit paru interstisial pada pasien KPKBSK dengan terapi EGFR-TKI di RSUP Persahabatan.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendeketan kohort retrospektif yang dilakukan bulan Januari 2021 hingga Juni 2022. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien KPKBSK yang mendapatkan terapi EGFR-TKI. Subjek penelitian dipilih sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Pengambilan data melalu data sekunder berupa rekam medis dan hasil CT scan toraks pasien yang kontrol di poliklinik onkologi RSUP Persahabatan.Hasil: Pada penelitian ini diperoleh 73 subjek penelitian, pasien KPKBSK dengan mutasi EGFR yang mendapatkan terapi EGFR-TKI di RSUP Persahabatan. Sebanyak 12 dari 73 subjek penelitian mengalami gambaran ILD yang dievaluasi berdasarkan CT scan toraks RECIST I dan II dengan karakteristik jenis kelamin laki-laki (22,2%), kelompok usia 40-59 tahun (19,4%), perokok (24,1%), indeks brinkman berat (42,9%) dan mendapatkan terapi afatinib (26,1%). Proporsi gambaran ILD pada pasien KBPKBSK dengan terapi EGFR-TKI adalah opasitas retikular (58,3%), parenchymal band (33,3%), ground-glass opacities (25%), traction bronchiectasis (25%) dan crazy paving pattern (8,3%). Hasil analisis bivariat dan multivariat menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan antara faktor-faktor seperti jenis kelamin, usia, jenis EGFR-TKI, riwayat merokok, indeks brinkman, riwayat penyakit paru dan tampilan status terhadap gambaran ILD.Kesimpulan: Gambaran ILD pada pasien KPKBSK dengan terapi EGFR-TKI meliputi opasitas retikular, parenchymal band, ground-glass opacities, traction bronchiectasis dan crazy paving pattern. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik antara faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi terhadap gambaran ILD.

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Background: The number of cases of NSCLC is estimated around 85% of all lung cancer cases and 40% among them are adenocarcinoma. Approximately 10%-30% of adenocarcinoma patients have EGFR mutations and receive EGFR-TKI therapy. The majority of NSCLC patients have a good response and tolerance to EGFR-TKI therapy, but a small group of patients experience EGFR-TKI induced interstitial lung disease. This study aims to determine the proportion of features of interstitial lung disease ini NSCLC patients treated with EGFR-TKI at Persahabatan Hospital.

Methods: This study was an analytic observational with a retrospective cohort approach that was conducted from January 2021 until June 2022. The subject were NSCLC patients who received EGFR-TKI treatment. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to determine which subjects will be included in the study. Data collection through secondary data from medical record and chest CT scan results of patients controlled at oncology polyclinic at Persahabatan Hospital.

Result : In this study, there were 73 subjects of NSCLC with EGFR mutations and received EGFR-TKI therapy at Persahabatan Hospital. There were 12 out of 73 subjects had ILD features which were evaluated based on RECIST I and II chest CT scan with predominant of male (22.2%), age group 40-59 years old (19.4%), smokers (24.1%), severe Brinkman index (42.9%) and received afatinib (26.1%). The proportion of ILD features in NSCLC patients with EGFR-TKI therapy are reticular opacities (58.3%), parenchymal bands (33.3%), ground-glass opacities (25%), traction bronchiectasis (25%) and crazy paving pattern (8.3%). The results of bivariate and multivariate analyzes showed that there was no differences between factors such as sex, age, type of GEFR-TKI, smoking history, Brinkman index, history of lung disease and performance status with features of ILD.

Conclusion: Features of ILD in NSCLC patients with EGFR-TKI therapy include reticular opacities, parenchymal bands, ground-glass opacities, traction bronchiectasis and crazy paving pattern. There is no statistically significa"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan efektifitas biaya antara Puskesmas yang menerapkan PAL dengan yang tidak menerapkan PAL dalam penanganan Tuberkulosis Paru di Wilayah Kota Administratif Jakarta Timur, dengan melakukan perhitungan menggunakan metode Activity Based Costing (ABC) untuk mendapatkan biaya per aktifitas. Penilaian efektifitas berdasarkan perbandingan antara penjumlahan komponen biaya pada masing-masing alternatif dengan output penelitian yang meliputi efektifitas pengobatan, Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY's) serta Kegagalan/drop out yang dapat dihindari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Puskesmas PAL lebih efektif dalam penanganan Tuberkulosis Paru berdasarkan output kegagalan/drop out yang dapat dihindari.

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This research purposes to compare cost effectivity between Center of Health which implements PAL and Non PAL in treatment Pulmonary Tuberculosis on administrative district East Jakarta. It uses Activity Based Costing (ABC) method to obtain cost per activity. The effectivity evaluation is based on comparison between total cost component at each alternatives with output consists of medical treatment effectiveness, Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY's) and prevented failure/drop out. The result shows that Puskesmas with PAL is more effective in Pulmonary Tuberculosis treatment based on prevented failure/drop out."

"Tesis ini menganalisis sistem pencatatan dan pelaporan Practical Approach to Lung Health (PAL) pada 6 Puskesmas di Kabupaten Bogor pada tahun 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam pada 11 informan dan memeriksa laporan PAL selama bulan Januari-April 2013 pada 6 Puskesmas dengan memperhatikan ketepatan waktu laporan, kelengkapan laporan, dan keakuratan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan dalam beberapa faktor input, proses dan output dalam pelaksanaan pencatatan dan pelaporan PAL di Puskesmas yang diteliti. Puskesmas yang memenuhi indikator tampak lebih terorganisasi dengan adanya Tim PAL yang disahkan oleh Kepala Puskesmas, semua pihak tampak berkerjasama dalam melaksanakan pencatatan dan pelaporan PAL setiap hari, dan mempunyai komitmen yang tinggi baik Kepala Puskesmas, kordinator PAL, pelaksana harian dan petugas pencatatan dan pelaporan. Untuk itu, masih dibutuhkan perbaikan secara komprehensif dan terintegrasi melibatkan banyak pihak yang terkait sistem pencatatan dan pelaporan PAL di Puskesmas Kabupaten Bogor.

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This thesis discusses Recording and Reporting System of Practical Approach to Lung Health (PAL) in 6 Primary Health Center (Puskesmas) at Bogor District 2013. This research uses qualitative method by conducting in-depth interview to 11 key informants and checking PAL report for 6 Puskesmas since January until April 2013, by considering the timeliness, the completeness of the report, and accuracy. The result shows that there are differences in input, process and output in the the implementation of recording and reporting system. Puskesmas that meet the indicator are more organized with the PAL team authorized by the Head of Puskesmas, all parties cooperate in implementing the PAL recording and reporting every day, and everybody has commitment. Therefore, it is need to have comprenhensive and integrated improvements by involving others stakeholders related to recording and reporting PAL system in Puskesmas."

"Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK) merupakan penyakit paru-paru kronis progresif yang menyebabkan sesak napas dan mengancam nyawa. PPOK tidak dapat diobati, namun gejalanya dapat ditangani dan mengurangi risiko kematian. PPOK merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian di seluruh dunia, yang menyebabkan sebanyak 3,17 juta kematian secara global pada tahun 2015 dan diestimasikan akan menjadi penyakit tiga teratas yang menyebabkan kematian di seluruh dunia pada tahun 2030. PPOK juga merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian utama semua kelompok usia di Indonesia pada tahun 2014 dengan persentase sebesar 4,9%. Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK) dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor risiko, salah satunya adalah pencemaran udara partikulat. DKI Jakarta merupakan salah satu wilayah dengan udara tercemar di Indonesia dengan Jakarta Pusat sebagai kota yang memiliki jumlah parameter kritikal PM2.5 dan PM10 terbanyak dibandingkan dengan kota Jakarta lainnya. Secara umum, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kualitas udara ambien (PM2.5 dan PM10), Faktor Individu, dan Faktor Meteorologi dengan Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK) di Jakarta Pusat tahun 2018-2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi berdasarkan waktu (time trend). Hasil studi menunjukkan adanya korelasi yang lemah dengan pola positif antara konsentrasi PM2.5, PM10, dan suhu udara dengan kejadian PPOK di Jakarta Pusat tahun 2018-2020 (r= 0,172, r= 0,056, r= 0,147). Hubungan korelasi yang lemah dengan pola negatif antara kelembaban udara dengan kejadian PPOK di Jakarta Pusat tahun 2018-2020 (r= - 0,248). Hubungan korelasi yang kuat dengan pola positif antara usia ≤ 44 tahun dan jenis kelamin perempuan dengan kejadian PPOK di Jakarta Pusat tahun 2018-2020 (r= 0,534, r= 0,738). Hubungan korelasi yang kuat atau sempurna dengan pola positif antara usia 45-59 tahun, usia > 59 tahun, dan jenis kelamin laki-laki dengan kejadian PPOK di Jakarta Pusat tahun 2018-2020 (r= 0,882, r= 0,958, r= 0,897). Pada penelitian ini hanya ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara usia ≤ 44 tahun (p= 0,001), usia 45-59 tahun (p= 0,000), usia >59 tahun (p= 0,000), jenis kelamin laki-laki (p= 0,000), dan jenis kelamin perempuan (p= 0,000) dengan kejadian PPOK di Jakarta Pusat tahun 2018-2020.

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive chronic lung disease that causes shortness of breath and is life threatening. COPD cannot be treated, but symptoms can be managed and reduce the risk of death. COPD is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, causing 3.17 million deaths globally in 2015 and it is estimated that it will become the top three disease causing death worldwide by 2030. COPD is also one of the leading causes of death for all age group in Indonesia in 2014 with a percentage of 4.9%. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) can be influenced by various risk factors, one of which is particulate matter. DKI Jakarta is one of the areas with air pollution in Indonesia with Central Jakarta as the city that has the highest PM2.5 and PM10 pollution compared to other Jakarta administrative cities. In general, this study aims to determine the correlation between ambient air quality (PM2.5 and PM10), Individual Factors, and Meteorological Factors with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Central Jakarta in 2018-2020. This research uses an ecological study design based on time (time trend). The results of the study show a weak correlation with a positive pattern between concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and air temperature with the incidence of COPD in Central Jakarta in 2018-2020 (r= 0.172, r= 0.056, r= 0.147). Weak correlation with a negative pattern between relative humidity and the incidence of COPD in Central Jakarta in 2018-2020 (r= - 0.248). a strong correlation with a positive pattern between the age of ≤ 44 years and female with the incidence of COPD in Central Jakarta in 2018-2020 (r = 0.534, r = 0.738). a strong or perfect correlation with a positive pattern between the age of 45-59 years, age > 59 years, and male with the incidence of COPD in Central Jakarta in 2018-2020 (r = 0.882, r = 0.958, r = 0.897). In this study age ≤ 44 years (p = 0.001), age 45-59 years (p = 0.000), age >59 years (p = 0.000), male (p = 0.000), and female (p= 0.000) were significantly correlated with the incidence of COPD in Central Jakarta in 2018-2020."

""This book opens with a comprehensive overview of the scientific basis of lung function in health and disease. It then provides detailed coverage of the broad array of diseases and disorders affecting the respiratory system, including obstructive and restrictive diseases, pulmonary vascular disorders, sleep-disordered breathing, lung neoplasms, respiratory infections, and respiratory failure, among others.""

"Sebagian besar industri otomotif masih menggunakan thinner yang mengandung VOC (terdiri dari benzene, toluene, xylene dan lain-lain). Efek kesehatan dari VOC diantaranya adalah iritasi pada hidung dan tenggorokan dan serta kerusakan paru-paru (Ismail, 2011). Pajanan thinner kepada pekerja secara terus menerus dapat mengakibatkan iritasi saluran napas dan gangguan fungsi paru pada pekerja. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian cross sectional yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pajanan thinner dengan gangguan fungsi paru-paru setelah dikontrol variabel confounding pada pekerja bagian painting di industri otomotif. Setelah dikontrol dengan penggunaan APD, perilaku merokok dan terpajan sedikit thinner dan zat kimia lain diketahui bahwa risiko pekerja yang terpajan sebagian thinner untuk mengalami gangguan fungsi paru adalah 1,87 (95% CI = 0,74-4,71). Pada pekerja yang terpajan thinner penuh memiliki resiko untuk mengalami gangguan fungsi paru sebesar 3,23 (95% CI = 1,36-7,59). Semakin besar pajanan terhadap thinner maka semakin tinggi resiko untuk terkena gangguan fungsi paru. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut maka disarankan agar perusahaan melakukan upaya promosi kesehatan untuk meminimalkan risiko terjadinya gangguan fungsi paru pada pekerja pengecatan mobil.

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Most of the auto industry still use paint thinner containing VOCs (consisting of benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.). Health effects of VOCs include irritation of the nose and throat and impaired lung function (Ismail, 2011). Exposure paint thinner to workers continuously can cause respiratory irritation and lung function impairment in workers. This study is a cross-sectional study aimed to determine the relationship between exposure of thinner with impaired lung function after controlled confounding variable on painting workers in the automotive industry. After controlled by using mask variable, smoking behavior and exposure to a little thinner plus other chemicals, known that the risk for the paired exposed of thinner to suffer lung problems was 1.87 (95% CI = 0.74 to 4.71). In workers exposed to thinner at risk for developing impaired lung function of 3.23 (95% CI = 1.36 to 7.59). Greater and greater exposure to paint thinner, the risk for developing lung problems is higher. Based on the findings, it is recommended that companies conduct health promotion efforts to minimize the risk of impaired lung function in painting workers."