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"[ABSTRAKPenelitian mengenai peran siput Terebralia dalam mengurai serasah mangrove dan menyimpan karbon telah dilakukan pada bulan November hingga Desember 2013. Hasil penelitian kepadatan, Terebralia palustris memiliki nilai kepadatan yang paling tinggi yaitu 25 individu/m2. Sedangkan Terebralia sulcata memiliki nilai kepadatan yang lebih rendah yaitu 15 individu/m2. Kandungan karbon yang tersimpan dalam tubuh T. palustris berkisar antara 16,27?18,89% dengan rata-rata sebesar 17,45%. Sedangkan karbon yang tersimpan dalam tubuh T. sulcata berkisar antara 15,98?17,62% dengan rata-rata 16,87%. Potensi penyimpanan karbon oleh T.palustris sebesar 4374 gr C/m2 dan T. sulcata, berpotensi menyimpan karbon sebesar 2609 gr C/m2. Berdasarkan analisis statistik, terdapat korelasi antara panjang maupun berat T. palustris terhadap total karbon dengan masing-masing P= 0,001 dan P= 0,002. Sebaliknya, pada T.sulcata tidak terdapat korelasi antara panjang maupun berat cangkangnya terhadap total karbon yang dikandungnya dengan masing-masing P= 0,071 dan P= 0,289. Penelitian mengenai penguraian seresah dilakukan hanya menggunakan Terebralia dewasa yaitu, Terebralia palustris lebih dari 5 cm dan Terebralia sulcata lebih dari 3 cm. Dalam pengambilan data selanjutnya, dibuat 30 titik kuadran dengan ukuran 0,25 x 0,25 m yang ditentukan secara acak. Rata-rata persentase penguraian serasah oleh T. palustris adalah sebesar 3,48% ± 0,18 /hari untuk R. apiculata dan 8,28% ± 0,13 /hari untuk R. stylosa. Sedangkan T. sulcata mengurai serasah rata-rata sebesar 4,07% ± 0,12 /hari untuk R. apiculata dan 4,93 % ± 0,15 /hari untuk R. stylosa. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa tidak ditemukan korelasi antara panjang dan berat T.palustris dengan persentase penguraiannya. Begitu pula dengan T.sulcata, tidak ditemukan korelasi antara berat dengan laju penguraiannya. Sebaliknya, terdapat korelasi antara panjang T. sulcata dengan persentase penguraiannya.

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ABSTRACTResearch on the role of Terebralia snails in mangrove leaf litter removal and store carbon was held in November and December 2013. Density of research results, Terebralia palustris has the highest density value of 400 individu/m2 . While Terebralia sulcata has a lower density value is 240 individu/m2. Carbon content stored in the body T. palustris ranged from 16.27 to 18.89 % with an average of 17.45 % . While the carbon stored in the body of T. sulcata ranged from 15.98 to 17.62 % with an average of 16.87 %. Potential carbon storage by T. palustris is 4374 g C/m2, whereas T. sulcata potentially storing carbon at 2609 g C/m2. Measurement of litter removal activity was carried out in mangrove dominated by Rhizophora sp. The research location was located in the intertidal mangrove affected part tide. Research conducted using only adult Terebralia such as, Terebralia palustris more than 5 cm and Terebralia sulcata more than 3 cm. In subsequent data collection, we made 30 points quadrant with 0.25 x 0.25 m size was determined at random. The average percentage of leaf litter removal by T. palustris is equal to 3,48% ± 0,18 / day for R. apiculata and 8,28% ± 0,13/ day for R. stylosa . While T. sulcata litter parse an average of 4,07% ± 0,12 / day for R. apiculata and 4,93 % ± 0,15 / day for R. stylosa . The results also show that there were no correlation was found between the length and weight percentage T.palustris with decay. Similar with T.sulcata, no correlation was found between the weight of the rate of decay. Instead, there is a correlation between the length of T. sulcata with the percentage of decay.;Research on the role of Terebralia snails in mangrove leaf litter removal and store carbon was held in November and December 2013. Density of research results, Terebralia palustris has the highest density value of 400 individu/m2 . While Terebralia sulcata has a lower density value is 240 individu/m2. Carbon content stored in the body T. palustris ranged from 16.27 to 18.89 % with an average of 17.45 % . While the carbon stored in the body of T. sulcata ranged from 15.98 to 17.62 % with an average of 16.87 %. Potential carbon storage by T. palustris is 4374 g C/m2, whereas T. sulcata potentially storing carbon at 2609 g C/m2. Measurement of litter removal activity was carried out in mangrove dominated by Rhizophora sp. The research location was located in the intertidal mangrove affected part tide. Research conducted using only adult Terebralia such as, Terebralia palustris more than 5 cm and Terebralia sulcata more than 3 cm. In subsequent data collection, we made 30 points quadrant with 0.25 x 0.25 m size was determined at random. The average percentage of leaf litter removal by T. palustris is equal to 3,48% ± 0,18 / day for R. apiculata and 8,28% ± 0,13/ day for R. stylosa . While T. sulcata litter parse an average of 4,07% ± 0,12 / day for R. apiculata and 4,93 % ± 0,15 / day for R. stylosa . The results also show that there were no correlation was found between the length and weight percentage T.palustris with decay. Similar with T.sulcata, no correlation was found between the weight of the rate of decay. Instead, there is a correlation between the length of T. sulcata with the percentage of decay.;Research on the role of Terebralia snails in mangrove leaf litter removal and store carbon was held in November and December 2013. Density of research results, Terebralia palustris has the highest density value of 400 individu/m2 . While Terebralia sulcata has a lower density value is 240 individu/m2. Carbon content stored in the body T. palustris ranged from 16.27 to 18.89 % with an average of 17.45 % . While the carbon stored in the body of T. sulcata ranged from 15.98 to 17.62 % with an average of 16.87 %. Potential carbon storage by T. palustris is 4374 g C/m2, whereas T. sulcata potentially storing carbon at 2609 g C/m2. Measurement of litter removal activity was carried out in mangrove dominated by Rhizophora sp. The research location was located in the intertidal mangrove affected part tide. Research conducted using only adult Terebralia such as, Terebralia palustris more than 5 cm and Terebralia sulcata more than 3 cm. In subsequent data collection, we made 30 points quadrant with 0.25 x 0.25 m size was determined at random. The average percentage of leaf litter removal by T. palustris is equal to 3,48% ± 0,18 / day for R. apiculata and 8,28% ± 0,13/ day for R. stylosa . While T. sulcata litter parse an average of 4,07% ± 0,12 / day for R. apiculata and 4,93 % ± 0,15 / day for R. stylosa . The results also show that there were no correlation was found between the length and weight percentage T.palustris with decay. Similar with T.sulcata, no correlation was found between the weight of the rate of decay. Instead, there is a correlation between the length of T. sulcata with the percentage of decay., Research on the role of Terebralia snails in mangrove leaf litter removal and store carbon was held in November and December 2013. Density of research results, Terebralia palustris has the highest density value of 400 individu/m2 . While Terebralia sulcata has a lower density value is 240 individu/m2. Carbon content stored in the body T. palustris ranged from 16.27 to 18.89 % with an average of 17.45 % . While the carbon stored in the body of T. sulcata ranged from 15.98 to 17.62 % with an average of 16.87 %. Potential carbon storage by T. palustris is 4374 g C/m2, whereas T. sulcata potentially storing carbon at 2609 g C/m2. Measurement of litter removal activity was carried out in mangrove dominated by Rhizophora sp. The research location was located in the intertidal mangrove affected part tide. Research conducted using only adult Terebralia such as, Terebralia palustris more than 5 cm and Terebralia sulcata more than 3 cm. In subsequent data collection, we made 30 points quadrant with 0.25 x 0.25 m size was determined at random. The average percentage of leaf litter removal by T. palustris is equal to 3,48% ± 0,18 / day for R. apiculata and 8,28% ± 0,13/ day for R. stylosa . While T. sulcata litter parse an average of 4,07% ± 0,12 / day for R. apiculata and 4,93 % ± 0,15 / day for R. stylosa . The results also show that there were no correlation was found between the length and weight percentage T.palustris with decay. Similar with T.sulcata, no correlation was found between the weight of the rate of decay. Instead, there is a correlation between the length of T. sulcata with the percentage of decay.]"

"Penelitian komunitas ikan yang tertangkap dengan jaring push net dan kaitannya dengan produksi serasah hutan mangrove di Pulau Panjang, Teluk Banten telah dilakukan pada bulan Oktober?Desember 2014 saat pasang purnama. Tujuan penelitian untuk melihat keanekaragaman dan komunitas ikan serta mengetahui besarnya serasah yang dilepas ke perairan laut dan hubungan antara C, N, P serasah dengan C, N, P Chandidae (famili ikan dominan dalam penelitian). Metode penangkapan ikan dengan push net secara manual dan pemasangan perangkap serasah berupa paralon yang mengarah ke perairan laut di Stasiun 1 dan 2. Hasil tangkapan ikan yaitu 1.770 individu (14 famili, 16 marga, dan 22 spesies). Jumlah terbanyak di Stasiun 1 (1.213) dan bulan November (749). Nilai H? di Stasiun 1 (0,71) dan 2 (0,81) adalah rendah dan sedang, didukung rendahnya nilai E dan tingginya D. Sebanyak 51% ikan yang tertangkap adalah Ambassis gymnocephalus dari famili Chandidae. Ikan komersial yang tertangkap yaitu dari famili Mugilidae dan Serranidae. Mayoritas ikan yang tertangkap juga merupakan ikan penetap sejati (true resident) yaitu berjumlah 1.248 ekor. Biomassa serasah dan Chandidae terbesar yaitu di bulan Desember (219,49 g dan 75,85 g). Sementara Stasiun 1 memberikan biomassa terbesar untuk serasah (162,99 g) dan Stasiun 2 untuk Chandidae (19,14 g). Nilai serasah terbanyak yang dilepas ke laut yaitu pada bulan Desember di Stasiun 1 (47,47 g/m³/s). Nilai koefisien relasi C, N, P serasah dengan C, N, P Chandidae memberikan hasil yang sama yaitu 0,999. Model regresi yang terbentuk berturutturut yaitu Chandidae = 0,889 C Serasah, Chandidae = 11,367 N Serasah, dan Chandidae = 5,407 P Serasah.

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The research of fish community and its correlation with the production of mangrove forest litter in Panjang Island, Banten Bay had been conducted from October to December 2014 while spring tide. The research?s aim was to know the fish diversity and fish community, to identify mangrove litter?s value to the sea and correlation between C, N, P of mangrove litter and C, N, P of Chandidae (the biggest fish family captured). The method was used push net manually active and also water pipes were put to captured mangrove?s litter to the sea at Station 1 and 2. In total, 1770 species were captured (14 families, 16 genera, and 22 species), the most large number were at Station 1 and in November (1.213 and 749 individus). H? value at Station 1 was low (0,71), meanwhile at Station 2 was moderate (0,81). It supported by low E value. 51% fish captured was Ambassis gymnocephalus from Chandidae family. Economic value fish captured were Mugilidae and Serranidae. Mostly fish captured also were true resident fish (1.248). The biggest biomass of mangrove litter was been at Station 1 (162,99 g), while Chandidae was been at Station 2 (19,14 g). The biggest removed mangrove litter to the sea water was in December and Station 1 (47,47 g/m³/s). The Pearson correlation from C, N, P of mangrove litter and C, N, P of Chandidae gave the same value (0,999). The model of Linear Regression were Chandidae = 0,889 C Mangrove litter, Chandidae = 11,367 N Mangrove litter, dan Chandidae = 5,407 P Mangrove litter."

"Karbon di Indonesia semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya, hal ini memberikan dampak buruk bagi kehidupan manusia. Salah satu langkah untuk mengurangi CO2 di alam adalah dengan meningkatkan jumlah penyerapan CO2, dan hutan mangrove merupakan salah satu tempat penyimpanan CO2 di bumi. Mangrove dapat menyerap CO2 di tegakan mangrove, sedimen, dan fauna mangrove seperti T. palustris. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis perbandingan simpanan karbon T. palustris dan sedimen serta pengaruh pH, salinitas, dan suhu terhadap jumlah karbon yang dapat disimpan oleh T. palustris di Pulau Rambut, DKI Jakarta pada tahun 2022 dan 2023. Sampel diambil dari 4 stasiun, lalu sampel cangkang dan tubuh T. palustris dipisahkan. Siput dan sedimen dikeringkan di oven, kemudian ditumbuk menggunakan alu mortar. Sedimen disaring menggunakan sieve net. Cangkang diberi larutan HCl 1N, tubuh dan sedimen di furnace. Perhitungan nilai karbon dihitung menggunakan rumus dari masing-masing sampel. Data yang diperoleh dihitung nilai korelasi dan uji-T dengan menggunakan SPSS. Hasil Rata-rata karbon tahun 2022 untuk cangkang T. palustris adalah 10,559 ± 0,201, tubuh T. palustris 26,019 ± 2,697, sedimen 148,185 ± 11, 683. Tahun 2023 rata-rata karbon untuk cangkang T. palustris adalah 10,398 ± 0,588, tubuh T. palustris 22,162 ± 1,838, dan sedimen 143,671 ± 11, 442. Korelasi antara cangkang dan tubuh T. palustris, dan T. palustris terhadap sedimen dapat dikatakan tidak memiliki korelasi, terdapat korelasi negatif di cangkang dan tubuh T. palustris tahun 2023, dan hasil perbandingan yang diperoleh pada tahun 2022 dan 2023 untuk cangkang, tubuh, dan sedimen menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan.

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Carbon in Indonesia is increasing every year, this has a negative impact on human life. One of the steps to reduce CO2 in nature is to increase the amount of CO2 absorption, and mangrove forests are one of the CO2 storage places on earth. Mangroves can absorb CO2 in mangrove stands, sediments, and mangrove fauna such as T. palustris. This study aims to determine and analyze the comparison of T. palustris and sediment carbon storage and the influence of pH, salinity, and temperature on the amount of carbon that can be stored by T. palustris on Rambut Island, DKI Jakarta in 2022 and 2023. Samples were taken from 4 stations, then the shell and body samples of T. palustris were separated. The snails and sediments were oven dried, then crushed using a mortar and pestle. Sediment was filtered using a sieve. The shell was given a 1N HCl solution, the body and sediment in the furnace. Calculation of carbon value was calculated using the formula of each sample. The data obtained were calculated the correlation value and T-test used SPSS. Average carbon results in 2022 for T. palustris shells amounted to 10.559 ± 0.201, T. palustris body 26.019 ± 2.697, sediment 148.185 ± 11.683. In 2023 the average carbon for T. palustris shell was 10.398 ± 0.588, T. palustris body 22.162 ± 1.838, and sediment 143.671 ± 11.442. The correlation between T. palustris shell and body, and T. palustris with sediment can be said to have no correlation, there is a negative correlation in T. palustris shell and body in 2023, and the comparison results obtained in 2022 and 2023 for shell, body, and sediment show no significant difference."

"Penelitian mengenai potensi stok dan serapan karbon ekosistem mangrove di Pulau Tunda telah dilakukan pada bulan April--Juni 2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi stok dan serapan karbon ekosistem mangrove, mengetahui spesies mangrove yang memiliki stok dan serapan karbon potensial, dan memperoleh estimasi harga karbon ekosistem mangrove di Pulau Tunda. Penentuan lokasi pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling pada enam stasiun bagian selatan dan timur Pulau Tunda. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kandungan karbon ekosistem mangrove Pulau Tunda, diperoleh nilai biomassa 196,76 ton/ ha, stok karbon 91,48 ton/ ha, dan serapan karbon 335,06 ton/ ha. Proporsi stok dan serapan karbon terbesar tingkat pohon dan pancang mangrove di Pulau Tunda berasal dari spesies Excoecaria agallocha yaitu 107,47 ton/ ha dan 392,23 ton/ ha. Ekosistem mangrove Pulau Tunda memiliki estimasi harga karbon sebesar Rp 88.690.382--Rp 221.725.955 ton/ ha.

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Research on the carbon uptake and stock potency of mangrove ecosystem in Tunda Island was conducted on April--June, 2016. The aim of the study was to analyze the mangrove ecosystem potency of carbon stock and its uptake, to know the mangrove species that has potential carbon stock and its uptake, and to estimate the potency of carbon price mangroveecosystem in Tunda Island. The location of sampling was determined by purposive sampling at six stations of south and east part Tunda Island.

The analysis result of carbon content at Tunda Island mangrove ecosystem showed that, biomass 196.76 ton/ ha, carbon stock 91.48 ton/ ha, and carbon uptake 335.06 ton/ ha. The largest proportion of the stock and carbon uptake at the level of mangrove tree and sapling in Tunda Island derived from Excoecaria agallocha, that is 107.47 ton/ ha and 392.23 ton/ ha. Tunda Island mangrove ecosystem have an estimated total carbon price of Rp 88.690.382--Rp 221.725.955 ton/ ha."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian telah dilakukan di kawasan hutan mangrove cagar alam Pulau DuaSerang, Banten pada bulan September hingga November 2011. Tujuan daripenelitian adalah untuk mengetahui produksi dan potensi unsur hara, seratamenduga pelepasan unsur hara dari serasah ke lingkungan perairan laut.Pengambilan sampel untuk analisis vegetasi mangrove dilakukan denganmenggunakan metode transek-kuadrat. Guguran serasah ditangkap dengan littertrapdan besarnya serasah yang dilepas ke perairan laut dilakukan pengujiandengan menyaring serasah di aliran air yang menghubungkan antara hutanmangrove dengan perairan laut, untuk produksi potensial unsur hara dari serasahdilakukan analisis unsur hara (C, N, P) di laboratorium. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa jenis mangrove yang mendominasi yaitu Avicennia marinadan Rhizophora apiculata dengan kerapatan relatif sebesar 51,43% dan 36,19%.Hutan mangrove cagar alam Pulau Dua menghasilkan total rata-rata serasahsebesar 4,05 gr/m2/hari atau 14,78 ton/ha/tahun dengan penyumbang terbesar dariserasah daun. Produksi potensial unsur hara serasah yang dihasilkan sebesar0,3456 gr-C/m2/hari atau 1,2616 ton-C/ha/tahun, 0,0091 gr-N/m2/hari atau 0,0333ton-N/ha/tahun, 0,0008 gr-P/m2/hari atau 0,0031 ton-P/ha/tahun. Hutan mangrovecagar alam Pulau Dua turut menyumbangkan serasahnya ke perairan laut sebesar855,4724 gr/m3/hari.

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ABSTRACTThe research has been conducted at mangrove forest of Pulau Dua conservation inSerang town of Banten province from September to November 2011. Thepurposes of study were to know the production and potential nutrient of mangrovelitter and to expect the nutrients released into marine environment. The samplewas taken by employing transect-square method. Mangrove litter avalanches werecaught by litter-trap and the size was examined by filtering the litter in water flowwhich connected mangrove forest and marine. The potential nutrient production ofmangrove litter was analyzed by administering nutrient analysis of C, N, and P inlaboratory. The findings showed that the dominating mangrove types wereAvicennia marina and Rhizophora apiculata with 51.43% and 36.19%.of relativedensity. The mangrove forest of Pulau Dua conservation produced 4.05 gr/m2 /daylitters on average total or 14.78 ton/ha/year litters, and the largest contributor wasleaves. The production of litters’ potential nutrient achieved 0.3456 gr-C/m2/dayor 1.2616 ton-C/ha/year, 0.0091 gr-N/m2/day or 0.0333 ton-N/ha/year, 0.0008 gr-P/m2/day or 0.0031 ton-P/ha/year. Mangrove forest of Pulau Dua conservationalso contributed 855.4724 gr.day/m3 litters to marine waters."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai kepadatan populasi, pola persebaran, morfometrik, kecenderungan waktu makan, dan rekonstuksi lubang pada spesies kepiting Metopograpsus latifrons (White, 1987) di Pulau Panjang, Serang, Banten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepadatan populasi, pola distribusi, morfometri, pola makan serta rekonstruksi lubang kepiting M. latifrons. Kepadatan kepiting M. latifrons rata-rata di pulau panjang 26 individu per m2, dengan pola persebaran mengelompok.Hasil penghitungan morfometrik pada masing-masing jenis kelamin allometrik (b≠3), dan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada jantan dan betina (P<0, 01). Hasil pengamatan pola makan menunjukkan jam makan tertentu pada jenis kepiting tersebut. Hasil rekonstruksi lubang kepiting M. latifrons memperlihatkan bentuk yang bercabang-cabang, namun hanya memiliki satu pintu masuk dan keluar.

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Population density, dispersion pattern, morphometric, feeding time, and crab burrow reconstruction was studied for mangrove leave feeder crab Metopograpsus latifrons (White, 1987) in Pulau Panjang, Serang, Banten. This study aims to determine the population density, distribution pattern, morphometric differences between male and female, feeding pattern and burrow reconstruction of mangrove crab M. latifrons. Indirect technique by counting burrow opening have been employed to measure crab population density, average population density of M. latifrons in Pulau Panjang is 26 individual per m2, with clumped dispersion pattern.Morphometric analysis result shows allometric pattern (b≠3), and shows no significant differences between male and female (P<0, 01). Feeding activities of M. latifrons is time independent. Burrow reconstruction by making resin cast shows branching burrow shape, and only have one opening. However, the importance of burrow morphology is not yet confirmed."

"Mangrove memiliki peranan yang sangat besar, terutama bagi pulau kecil seperti Pulau Panjang yang rentan akan pengaruh arus dan gelombang. Penelitian mengenai perubahan mangrove di Pulau Panjang dilakukan untuk mengetahui perubahan distribusi area dan kerapatan tajuk mangrove selama kurun waktu 17 tahun (1991-2008) melalui interpretasi citra Landsat yang dikaitkan dengan variabel perkembangan jumlah penduduk, perubahan penutup lahan dan kondisi fisik perairan Pulau Panjang. Dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif secara keruangan, terungkap bahwa mangrove di Pulau Panjang terus mengalami degradasi, baik dari segi luas area maupun kerapatan tajuknya, akibat dari peningkatan abrasi pantai, pertambahan jumlah penduduk dan konversi area mangrove, yang terutama terjadi di bagian luar area mangrove yang berbatasan dengan lahan terbangun maupun lahan terbuka.

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Mangroves has very important function, especially for isle like Panjang Island which susceptable from wave and current influence. The research about mangroves change at Panjang Island is done to detect distribution change area and coronet closeness mangrove during range of time 17 year (1991-2008) pass image landsat interpretation relating with citizen total development variable, land cover change and waters physical condition in Panjang Island. By using qualitative descriptive analysis method according to spatial, revealed that is mangrove at long island then experiences degradation, either from vast aspect area also the coronet closeness, effect of enhanced abrasi coast, citizen total increase and conversion area mangrove, most off all happen at exterior area mangrove that abut on tune awaken also opened tune."

"Increased plastic waste in the environment, particularly in the mangrove forest of Pulau Rambut, Jakarta Bay, has the potential to affect the abundance of microplastics in the surrounding waters. Microplastics, which are very small in size (<5mm), can be accidentally ingested by marine organisms such as Terebralia palustris and have negative effects on marine life, the environment, and humans. This study aims to analyze the comparison of microplastic abundance in T.palustris and sediment in the mangrove forest of Pulau Rambut, Jakarta Bay, in 2022 and 2023, as well as to determine the correlation between microplastic abundance in T.palustris and sediment. Twenty samples of T.palustris and sediment were collected at four stations in 2022 and 2023. The body tissue of T.palustris was separated from its shell, then dissolved with HNO3 and added to saturated NaCl. Sediment samples were dissolved with saturated NaCl. Microplastic abundance was observed and calculated using a Sedgwick Rafter Chamber under a microscope. Four forms of microplastics were observed in the T. palustris and sediment samples, namely fibers, fragments, films, and granules. The results showed an increase in microplastic abundance from 2022 to 2023. In 2022, the microplastic abundance was 363,592 ± 11,511 particles/g in T. palustris and 66,69 ± 7,638 particles/g in sediment, while in 2023, it reached 406,574 ± 6,154 particles/g in T. palustris and 79,7 ± 12,992 particles/g in sediment. From 2022 to 2023, the abundance of microplastic in T.palustris (particle/g) increased by 5%, T.palustris (particle/individual) increased by 37%, and sediment by 19%. There is a positive correlation between the microplastic abundance of T.palustris and sediment, with value of 0,768 obtained from the Spearman correlation test.Increased plastic waste in the environment, particularly in the mangrove forest of Pulau Rambut, Jakarta Bay, has the potential to affect the abundance of microplastics in the surrounding waters. Microplastics, which are very small in size (<5mm), can be accidentally ingested by marine organisms such as Terebralia palustris and have negative effects on marine life, the environment, and humans. This study aims to analyze the comparison of microplastic abundance in T.palustris and sediment in the mangrove forest of Pulau Rambut, Jakarta Bay, in 2022 and 2023, as well as to determine the correlation between microplastic abundance in T.palustris and sediment. Twenty samples of T.palustris and sediment were collected at four stations in 2022 and 2023. The body tissue of T.palustris was separated from its shell, then dissolved with HNO3 and added to saturated NaCl. Sediment samples were dissolved with saturated NaCl. Microplastic abundance was observed and calculated using a Sedgwick Rafter Chamber under a microscope. Four forms of microplastics were observed in the T. palustris and sediment samples, namely fibers, fragments, films, and granules. The results showed an increase in microplastic abundance from 2022 to 2023. In 2022, the microplastic abundance was 363,592 ± 11,511 particles/g in T. palustris and 66,69 ± 7,638 particles/g in sediment, while in 2023, it reached 406,574 ± 6,154 particles/g in T. palustris and 79,7 ± 12,992 particles/g in sediment. From 2022 to 2023, the abundance of microplastic in T.palustris (particle/g) increased by 5%, T.palustris (particle/individual) increased by 37%, and sediment by 19%. There is a positive correlation between the microplastic abundance of T.palustris and sediment, with value of 0,768 obtained from the Spearman correlation test.

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Increased plastic waste in the environment, particularly in the mangrove forest of Pulau Rambut, Jakarta Bay, has the potential to affect the abundance of microplastics in the surrounding waters. Microplastics, which are very small in size (<5mm), can be accidentally ingested by marine organisms such as Terebralia palustris and have negative effects on marine life, the environment, and humans. This study aims to analyze the comparison of microplastic abundance in T.palustris and sediment in the mangrove forest of Pulau Rambut, Jakarta Bay, in 2022 and 2023, as well as to determine the correlation between microplastic abundance in T.palustris and sediment. Twenty samples of T.palustris and sediment were collected at four stations in 2022 and 2023. The body tissue of T.palustris was separated from its shell, then dissolved with HNO3 and added to saturated NaCl. Sediment samples were dissolved with saturated NaCl. Microplastic abundance was observed and calculated using a Sedgwick Rafter Chamber under a microscope. Four forms of microplastics were observed in the T. palustris and sediment samples, namely fibers, fragments, films, and granules. The results showed an increase in microplastic abundance from 2022 to 2023. In 2022, the microplastic abundance was 363,592 ± 11,511 particles/g in T. palustris and 66,69 ± 7,638 particles/g in sediment, while in 2023, it reached 406,574 ± 6,154 particles/g in T. palustris and 79,7 ± 12,992 particles/g in sediment. From 2022 to 2023, the abundance of microplastic in T.palustris (particle/g) increased by 5%, T.palustris (particle/individual) increased by 37%, and sediment by 19%. There is a positive correlation between the microplastic abundance of T.palustris and sediment, with value of 0,768 obtained from the Spearman correlation test."

"Peningkatan timbulan sampah dan perbedaan curah hujan memengaruhi akumulasi mikroplastik dari sungai ke laut. Mikroplastik terdistribusi dan tersebar ke seluruh ekosistem laut, termasuk hutan mangrove. Mikroplastik yang memasuki hutan mangrove terperangkap oleh akar mangrove dan terakumulasi di sedimen. Mikroplastik di sedimen hutan mangrove dapat dengan mudah termakan oleh biota deposit-feeder, seperti siput mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada tubuh siput Terebralia sulcata dan sedimen di hutan mangrove Pulau Rambut, Teluk Jakarta, DKI Jakarta tahun 2022 dan 2023 serta untuk menganalisis korelasi antara kelimpahan mikroplastik di sedimen dengan kelimpahan mikroplastik di tubuh siput T. sulcata. Sebanyak 20 sampel T. sulcata dan sedimen diambil di empat stasiun di tahun 2022 dan 2023. Jaringan tubuh T. sulcata dilarutkan dengan HNO3 65% dan diencerkan dengan NaCl jenuh. Sampel sedimen dikeringkan menggunakan oven kemudian 10 g sedimen kering diencerkan dengan larutan NaCl jenuh. Sebanyak 20 mL dari masing-masing sampel dihomogenkan dan diamati di bawah mikroskop dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Hasil penelitian menemukan adanya partikel mikroplastik pada siput T. sulcata dengan kelimpahan sebesar 305,53±64,58 partikel/g pada tahun 2022 dan 324,48±60,91 partikel/g pada tahun 2023. Kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sedimen didapatkan sebesar 66,53±10,69 partikel/g pada tahun 2022 dan 71,77±11,31 partikel/g pada tahun 2023. Dari tahun 2022 ke tahun 2023, kelimpahan mikroplastik mengalami peningkatan sebesar 7,87% pada siput T. sulcata dan 6,2% pada sedimen. Bentuk mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada sampel siput dan sedimen adalah fiber, fragmen, film, dan granul dengan bentuk yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah fiber. Hasil uji korelasi Spearman dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif antara kelimpahan mikroplastik di sedimen dan kelimpahan mikroplastik di T. sulcata.

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The increase in the amount of waste and differences in rainfall affect the accumulation of microplastics from rivers to the sea. Microplastics distributed and spread throughout marine ecosystems, including mangrove forests. Microplastics that enter mangrove forests trapped by mangrove roots and accumulate in sediments. Microplastics in mangrove forest sediments can be easily ingested by deposit-feeder biota, such as mangrove snails. This study aims to analyze the comparison of the abundance of microplastics in Terebralia sulcata and sediment in the mangrove forest of Pulau Rambut, Jakarta Bay, DKI Jakarta in 2022 and 2023 and to analyze the correlation between the abundance of microplastics in sediment and T. sulcata. 20 samples of T. sulcata sediment were collected at four stations in 2022 and 2022. The body tissue of T. sulcata were dissolved with 65% HNO3 and then diluted with saturated NaCl. Sediment samples were dried using an oven then 10 g of dry sediment was diluted with saturated NaCl. A total of 20 mL of each sample was homogenized and observed under a microscope with three repetitions. The results of the study found the presence of microplastic particles in T. sulcata with an abundance was 305.53±64.58 particles/g in 2022 and 324.48±60.91 particles/g in 2023. The abundance of microplastics in sediments was 66.53±10.69 particles/g in 2022 and 71.767±11.31 particles/g in 2023. From 2022 to 2023, the abundance of microplastics increased by 7.87% in T. sulcata and 6.2% in sediment. The forms of microplastics found in T. sulcata and sediment samples were fiber, fragments, films and granules with the most commonly found form was fiber. The results of the Spearman correlation test in this study showed a positive correlation between the abundance of microplastics in the sediment and in T. sulcata."

"Penelitian mengenai analisis kerapatan dan persebaran vegetasi mangrove menggunakan teknologi penginderaan jauh berlokasi di Pulau Tunda, Kabupaten Serang, Provinsi Banten perlu dilakukan untuk memberikan informasi dan data ilmiah mengenai vegetasi mangrove di Pulau Tunda. Penelitian tersebut bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi spesies vegetasi mangrove, kerapatan vegetasi mangrove, dan zonasi vegetasi mangrove. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan pada 1--5 April 2016. Metode penelitian yang digunakan antara lain purposive sampling, metode transek garis berpetak, dan pengolahan citra landsat 8 OLI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi mangrove sejati terdiri atas 9 spesies dari 7 famili, sedangkan mangrove asosiasi terdiri atas 9 spesies dari 8 famili. Kerapatan vegetasi mangrove berdasarkan transfomrasi NDVI (0,194) dan EVI (0,085) termasuk ke dalam kelas kerapatan mangrove jarang dan tingkat kesehatan mangrove rendah. Koefisien korelasi antara NDVI (0,147) dan EVI (0,007) dengan luas basal area berkolerasi positif tetapi tergolong rendah. Zonasi mangrove sejati yang paling dominan ialah 1) Rhizophora stylosa, 2) Excoecaria agallocha, dan 3) Sonneratia caseolaris, sedangkan zonasi mangrove asosiasi ialah 1) Pongamia pinnata, 2) Morinda citrifolia, dan 3) Pandanus odoratissima. Mangrove di Pulau Tunda memiliki kelas kerapatan jarang dan persebaran acak.

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Research on analysis of the density and distribution of mangrove vegetation using remote sensing technology in Tunda Island, Serang Regency, Banten Province, was needed to give information and scientific data about mangrove vegetation in Tunda Island. The study aims to know species composition of mangrove vegetation, mangrove vegetation density, and mangrove vegetation zonation. The study was conducted on 1st -- April 5th, 2016. The method was used purposive sampling, partition line transect, and landsat satellite image 8 OLI processing.

The results showed that true mangrove composition consist of 9 species from 7 families, while associate mangrove consist of 9 species from 8 families. Mangrove vegetation density based transformation of NDVI (0,194) and EVI (0,085) was considered as rare class of mangrove density and mangrove healthy as low grade. Correlation coefficient between NDVI (0,147) and EVI (0,007) with basal area was considered as positive correlation but low grade correlation. The most dominant zonation of true mangrove vegetation were 1) Rhizophora stylosa, 2) Excoecaria agallocaha, and 3) Sonneratia caseolaris, while zonation of associate mangrove were 1) Pongamia pinnata, 2) Morinda citrifolia, and 3) Pandanus odoratissima. Mangrove in Tunda Island has rare class of density and random distribution."