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"Penelitian ini menganalisis permasalahan dalam komoditas kedelai dan mengukur dampak swasembada kedelai bagi Indonesia serta mencari alternatif kebijakan lain yang berdampak baik bagi masyarakat. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat permasalahan dalam perkedelaian nasional seperti permasalahan benih, pupuk, perubahan cuaca, hama dan rendahnya harga kedelai dibandingkan palawija yang lain. Untuk mengukur dampak kebijakan kedelai terhadap para pelaku ekonomi, penelitian ini menggunakan Cost and Benefit Analysis. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa kebijakan impor lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan jika pemerintah melakukan upaya swasembada kedelai.

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This study analyzes the problems in soybean commodity and measures the impact of self-sufficiency soybean for Indonesia, as well as seeking for the policy alternative which gives good impact to the society. The finding of this study is there are problems in national soybean issue such as problems related with seeds, fertilizer, changes in weather, pest, and the low price of soybean compared to other commodity crops. To measure the policy impact of soybean towards society, this study uses Cost and Benefit Analysis. The result of this study recommends that import policy is more beneficial compared to when government puts efforts in self-sufficiency of soybean."

"Inspection of goods which are going out and coming in Customs Territory conducted by institution that have been assigned by government, which is Customs or international surveyor. The assignation of inspecting operator depends on the system used by pertinent government. If the government applies a pre-shipment inspection (PSI) system that is inspection of imported goods in a port load provided by independent private company to both exporters and government in order to give assessment of goods to be imported and exported, the operator is an international surveyor. On the other hand, if the government uses an on arrival inspection (OAI) system that is an inspection of imported goods in destination port, the operator is a local Customs.A government can also apply PSI system and OAI system concurrently, for example, Indonesia in 1985 up to 1990. At that period, PSI operator checks importation with value above FOB US$ 5,000.00, and OAI operator checks importation with value until FOB USS 5,000.00, Along with the increasing of commercial activity and market forces demand to enhance Customs service and to fulfill Customs commitment as a member of World Customs Organization (WCO), hence existing Customs procedures and systems continue to develop. Since the launching of Law # 1011995 about Customs, inspection system of imported goods in Indonesia embraces an OAI system which is in Law # 10/1995 gives a larger trust to market forces, but it is without disregarding state's finance security. OAI system is based on a self-assessment implementation, risk management and a post clearance audit. The supervisory of OAI system relied on a post clearance audit, so it doesn't interfere the releasing of imported goods from the port The PCA implementation is a logical consequence of self-assessment implementation and selective physical examination which is embraced by Law # 10/1995 about Customs.In general, advantage of PSI system is to give benefit to exporter and importer to his imported goods, so it can comply with quantity and quality of goods demanding in sales agreement. Besides, PSI can give benefit to government by improving state revenue through evasion of imported goods which are under standard, increasing foreign trade management by providing accurate commerce statistic, and supporting and pushing foreign capital cultivation incentive plan.On the other hand, results of research conducted by Lembaga Manajemen Universitas Indonesia (LM UI) in 1997 indicating that the government have to pay US$1 for each of US$163.63 import value which is done by SGS as The PSI system operator during 1995 - 1997, comparing to USS 1 for each of US$ $ 989,22 import value which is done by Customs as The OAL system operator in the year after SGS implementation. Thereby, the results indicate that The OAI system is more efficient compared to The PSI system. Results of research of LM UI also show that for each of USS 1 fee paid by government to SGS yield by US$ 4.40 of import duty revenue, while for each of US$ 1 fee paid by government to Customs yield US$ 18.68 of import duty revenue. Again, the data indicate that The OAI system is more effective compared to The PSI system.Meanwhile, based on results research conducted by ECONIT Advisory Group, the cost paid by government during implementation of SGS service equal to almost 15% from total import duty in a yearlong. Whereas the cost paid by government to defray DJBC only equal to less than 14° c let %ear from total cost paid to SGS. Farther, cost which is must be paid by government dung import pattern by using PSI system that is executed by SGS indicate that government have to pay 0.6% on average from import value or 23% from collected import duty. Cost Collection equal to 23% is counted very high and above maximum international standard cost collection, which is 5% on average.From system comparison and procedure analysis and cost-benefit analysis between PSI system and OAI system, PSI supporters argument and field facts, deeply interview, and perception participate observation results with some parties who is related to inspection system of imported goods in Indonesia, it can be concluded till now that The OAI system is the inspection system that are cheapest, fastest, simplest, most effective, and most efficient. This matter can be proved from its cost, time, and OAI procedure."

"Tulisan ini menganalisis bagaimana kebijakan larangan impor pakaian bekas yang diberlakukan pemerintah Indonesia ditinjau dari sanitary and phytosanitary serta implikasinya terhadap industri pakaian dalam negeri dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Tulisan ini disusun menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Kebijakan larangan impor pakaian bekas yang diberlakukan pemerintah Indonesia ialah melalui peraturan menteri perdagangan yang melarang adanya impor pakaian bekas. Akan tetapi, kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia dihadapkan dengan kesepakatan SPS dalam keanggotaan WTO. SPS Agreement merupakan perjanjian penerapan tindakan sanitasi dan fitosanitasi yang mengatur mengenai perlindungan lingkungan kesehatan dalam perdagangan internasional. Dilihat dari Perjanjian SPS, kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia tentang larangan impor pakaian bekas didasarkan pada dasar perundang-undangan dan fakta kepastian hukum di beberapa bidang, termasuk kebijakan perdagangan yang bertujuan untuk melindungi industri tekstil dalam negeri dan konsumen dari penyakit dan virus yang dibawa oleh pakaian bekas. Larangan impor pakaian bekas juga memberikan dampak pada berbagai aspek yaitu aspek kesehatan, ekonomi dan lingkungan.

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This article analyzes how the Indonesian government's policy of banning used clothing imports is implemented from a sanitary and phytosanitary perspective and its implications for the domestic clothing industry and community welfare. This article was prepared using normative juridical research methods. The Indonesian government's policy of prohibiting the import of used clothing is through a Minister of Trade regulation which prohibits the import of used clothing. However, the Indonesian government's policy is faced with the SPS agreement in WTO membership. The SPS Agreement is an agreement on the implementation of sanitary and phytosanitary measures that regulate the protection of the health environment in international trade. Judging from the SPS Agreement, the Indonesian government's policy regarding the ban on imports of used clothing is based on the basis of legislation and the fact of legal certainty in several fields, including trade policy which aims to protect the domestic textile industry and consumers from diseases and viruses carried by used clothing. The ban on importing used clothing also has an impact on various aspects, namely health, economic and environmental aspects."

"Penyelundupan yang terjadi antara Indonesia dan negara anggota ACFTA dapat dilihat dari gap perdagangan ekspor-impor.Penyelundupan terjadi karena upaya menghindari tarif bea masuk, sehingga terjadi manipulasi dokumen masuk, baik dalam hal kuantitas dan harga barang impor. Perubahan kebijakan tarif bea masuk pada kerjasama ACFTA dan peningkatan sanksi denda diduga mempengaruhi penyelundupan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode regresi data panel fixed effect untuk menganalisis perubahan kebijakan tersebut. Hasil yang diperoleh antara lain : 1. Terjadi penurunan penyelundupan setelah penerapan kebijakan penurunan tarif bea masuk pada kerjasama ACFTA, dan 2. Terjadi penurunan penyelundupan setelah penerapan kebijakan peningkatan sanksi denda maksimal.Klasifikasi JEL : F13, H26, K20.

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Smuggling that occurred between Indonesia and the ACFTA member countries can be seen from the import export trade gap. Smuggling occurs because the attempt to avoid tariffs, resulting in the manipulation of incoming documents, both in terms of quantity and price of imported goods. The policy change tariff rates on ACFTA cooperation and increase financial penalties affecting allegedly smuggling. This study uses a fixed effect panel data regression to analyze the policy change. The results obtained are 1. The reduction of smuggling after the application of policy to reduce tariff rates on ACFTA cooperation, and 2. A decrease in smuggling after the implementation of the policy of increasing the maximum financial penalties .JEL Code F14, H26, K42."

"Penelitian ini meneliti tentang implementasi kebijakan pengenaan bea masuk tindakan pengamanan pada impor produk paku. Kebijakan ini dikeluarkan seiring melonjaknya impor paku dari luar negeri yang mengakibatkan terjadinya kerugian serius pada industri dalam negeri. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan tujuan penelitiannya bersifat deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tahapan implementasi pengenaan bea masuk tindakan pengamanan sama dengan tahapan pengenaan bea masuk impor normal, yang membedakan hanyalah tambahan pembayaran pajak beserta dokumen yang dibutuhkan dan kendala yang dialami dalam penerapan ini adalah masalah sosialisasi. Pengawasan dalam kebijakan ini dilakukan oleh tiga instansi yaitu DJBC, BKF dan KPPI. Pencapaian yang telah diperoleh adalah menurunnya jumlah impor paku dan industri dalam negeri mampu memulihkan kerugian. Pengenaan BMTP ini akan lebih lengkap jika didampingi dengan kebijakan lain yang mampu membuat industri paku dalam negeri mampu bersaing dengan industri luar negeri.

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This thesis analyzes the Implementation of The Imposition of Import Duties Safeguard's Policy Against Nails Import Products. This policy is issued as a nail surging imports from abroad, which caused serious losses to the domestic industry. This thesis uses a qualitative approach and the research purpose is descriptive. The result indicates that the implementation stage of the imposition of import duties safeguard is the same as the implementation stage of the imposition of import duties normally. However, the requirement documents are different. Constraints experienced in the implementation are a matter of socialization to the importers. Monitoring is conducted by DJBC, BKF and KPPI. Achievements that have been obtained are the nail import is significantly decreasing and the domestic industry is able to recover the losses. Imposition of BMTP is considered to be more completed if accompanied by the other policies that can make the domestic nails industries are able to compete with foreign industries."

"Lonjakan impor kain yang terjadi di Indonesia pada tahun 2018 hingga tahun 2019 menyebabkan industri kain dalam negeri menderita. Pemerintah Indonesia kemudian menetapkan kebijakan dalam rangka tindakan pengamanan atas produk kain. Kebijakan ini ditetapkan dalam bentuk Bea Masuk Tindakan Pengamanan (BMTP) yang dikenakan atas impor produk kain. Penelitian ini meneliti mengenai implementasi dari pengenaan kebijakan BMTP dalam rangka mengendalikan lonjakan serta melindungi industri kain dalam negeri atas impor produk kain. Penetapan kebijakan ini didasari oleh permohonan dari Asosiasi Pertekstilan Indonesia atas adanya lonjakan impor produk kain yang menyebabkan kerugian serius terhadap industri kain dalam negeri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menggambarkan dan menganalisis implementasi kebijakan BMTP atas impor produk kain serta kendala yang terjadi saat pelaksanaannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan post-positivist dengan teknik pengumpulan data, yakni studi lapangan melalui wawancara mendalam serta studi kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi dari kebijakan BMTP atas produk kain tidak sepenuhnya sejalan dengan tujuan ditetapkannya kebijakan ini yaitu melindungi industri kain dalam negeri dari kerugian. Hal ini dikarenakan injury yang dialami oleh industri kain di Indonesia yang cukup signifikan akibat masih terkendala dalam sosialisasi serta belum terdapatnya peraturan pendukung dalam implementasi kebijakan BMTP atas produk kain di Indonesia.

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The surge in fabric imports that occurred in Indonesia from 2018 to 2019 caused the domestic fabric industry to suffer. The Indonesian government then established a policy aimed at securing fabric products. This policy was implemented in the form of Import Duty Security Measures (BMTP) imposed on imported fabric products. This study examines the implementation of the BMTP policy in controlling the surge and protecting the domestic fabric industry from imported fabric products. The policy was enacted based on a request from the Indonesian Textile Association, citing a significant surge in fabric product imports that caused serious losses to the domestic fabric industry. The aim of this study is to describe and analyze the implementation of the BMTP policy on imported fabric products and the challenges encountered during its implementation. The study adopts a post-positivist approach with data collection techniques, including field studies through in-depth interviews and literature review. The findings of this study indicate that the implementation of the BMTP policy on fabric products is not fully aligned with its intended goal of protecting the domestic fabric industry from losses. This is due to the significant injury suffered by the fabric industry in Indonesia, primarily caused by constraints in socialization efforts and the absence of supporting regulations for implementing the BMTP policy on fabric products in Indonesia."

"Maize import quota is an important trade policy to achieve maize self sufficiency. However, not long after the enactment of maize import quota, the effectiveness of this policy is being questioned. Thus, this thesis aims to analyze the effectiveness of maize import quota implementation from the supply and demand side. This study uses 2SLS method to examine the increase in harvest area and wheat imports, as the substitute for maize. The results show that the implementation of maize import quota has a positive effect to maize production. However, maize import quota has a significant influence on increasing the wheat import demand.

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Kuota impor jagung ialah kebijakan perdagangan yang penting untuk mencapai swasembada jagung. Namun, tidak lama setelah implementasi dari kuota impor, efektivitas dari kebijakan ini diragukan. Oleh sebab itu, skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa efektivitas dari kebijakan kuota impor jagung dari sisi permintaan dan penawaran. Studi ini menggunakan metode 2SLS untuk menganalisa kenaikan dari lahan panen dan impor gandum, sebagai substitusi utama dari jagung. Hasil studi menunjukkan implementasi kuota import jagung memiliki dampak positif kepada produksi jagung. Di sisi lain, kebijakan ini memiliki pengaruh signifikan dalam meningkatkan permintaan impor gandum."

"Membanjirnya produk produk impor di pasar domestik meningkatkan kompetisi. industri manufaktur Indonesia menghadapi kompetisi impor. Penetrasi impor akan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap Produktivitas tenaga kerja di Industri Manufaktur. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh penetrasi impor terhadap Produktivitasi industri manufaktur Indonesia dengan menggunakan data panel industri besar dan sedang periode 2008 ndash; 2012. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Penetrasi Impor menurunkan tingkat Produktivitas industri manufaktur Indonesia. Keterbukaan pasar membawa dampak mudahnya barang impor masuk ke pasar domestik. Hadirnya barang substitusi dari impor menyebabkan produk industri kehilangan daya saing. Industri yang tidak efisien menjadi semakin tidak kompetitif.

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A flood of Imported products in the domestic market increased competition, manufacturing industry in Indonesia facing import competition. Import penetration will have some impact on labor productivity in the Manufacturing Industry..This study analyzed the effect of imports penetration on productivity in Indonesian manufacturing industr, by using panel data large and medium industries from 2008 2012.

From this study it can be concluded that the Imports competition reduce the level of productivity of Indonesian manufacturing industry. Disclosure ease market impact of imported goods into the domestic market. The presence of substitution of imported goods causing industrial products lose competitiveness. Inefficient industry is becoming increasingly competitive."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menganalisis dampak impor Indonesia terhadap pasar tenaga kerja lokal Indonesia dalam hal proporsi tenaga kerja manufaktur, proporsi tenaga kerja non-manufaktur, tingkat pengangguran, dan upah. Kenaikan pesat globalisasi telah menyebabkan banyak negara termasuk Indonesia mengalami peningkatan impor yang signifikan, yang menyebabkan persaingan impor yang lebih ketat. Terkait dengan ini, perlu dilakukan analisa dampak persaingan impor terhadap pasar tenaga kerja lokal sebagai pertimbangan pembuat kebijakan. Menurut hasil penelitian ini, persaingan impor berdampak negatif terhadap proporsi tenaga kerja manufaktur, proporsi tenaga kerja non-manufaktur, dan upah. Persaingan impor juga meningkatkan pengangguran. Selain itu, dampak tertinggi terutama diakibatkan oleh impor barang konsumsi.

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ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the effects of Indonesian imports on Indonesian local labor markets in term of manufacturing employment share, non manufacturing employment share, unemployment rate, and wages. A rapid increase of globalization has caused many countries including Indonesia experienced significant increase in imports, which lead to a tougher import competition. It is important to investigate the impact of import competition on local labor markets as a policy maker consideration. According to the findings, import competition negatively affected manufacturing employment share, non manufacturing employment share, and wages. It also increased unemployment. In addition, the highest impact was mainly driven by consumption goods."