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"[Latar belakang: Stres kerja pada pramugari dapat menyebabkan gangguan durasi haid yang menimbulkan dampak psikologis sehingga performa kerja terganggu.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubunganterhadap gangguan durasi haid pada pramugari. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dengan metode convenient sampling dilakukanpada pramugari yang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala di BalaiKesehatan Penerbangan dan Garuda Sentra Medika tanggal 18?29 Mei 2015. Datagangguan durasi haid dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner. Stres diidentifikasi denganNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Generic Job StressQuestionnaire Mental Demands Form Number 11. Analisis dilakukan denganregresi Cox. Hasil: Sebanyak 393 dari 521 pramugari berusia 19?50 tahun setuju berpartisipasi,19 dieksklusi karena menderita gangguan durasi haid sebelum bekerja sehinggajumlah total 374 subyek dan 35,8% di antaranya menderita gangguan durasi haid.Stres kerja, jenis penerbangan dan usia merupakan faktor risiko yangberhubungan dengan gangguan durasi haid. Pramugari dengan stres kerjamemiliki risiko menderita gangguan durasi haid 58% lebih tinggi [risiko relatifsuaian (RRa)=1,58; confidence interval (CI)= 0.96-2.62; p=0,071]. Pramugaridengan jenis penerbangan jarak jauh dalam tiga bulan terakhir memiliki risikogangguan durasi haid 69% lebih tinggi (RRa=1,69; CI=1.17-2.43; p=0,004).Pramugari berumur 30?39 tahun memiliki risiko gangguan durasi haid 50% lebihrendah (RRa=0,50; CI=0.22-1.02; p=0,057). Kesimpulan: Pramugari dengan stres kerja, jenis penerbangan jarak jauh dalam tiga bulan terakhir dan berusia 19?24 tahun dibandingkan dengan usia 30?39 tahun memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terhadap gangguan durasi haid.;Background: Job stress on female flight attendants can lead to menstrualduration disorder and cause psychological effects that impaired workperformance. The research objective was to identify risk factors related tomenstrual duration disorder in female flight attendants. Methods: A cross-sectional study with convenient sampling was conducted onfemale flight attendants age 19?50 years who underwent routine medicalexamination at Civil Aviation Medical Center and Garuda Sentra Medika,Jakarta on May 18-29 2015. Menstrual duration disorder data collected withquestionnaire. Stress was identified by using National Institute for OccupationalSafety and Health Generic Job Stress Questionnaire Mental Demands FormNumber 11. Relative risk was analyzed by Cox regression. Results: Among 521 female flight attendants age of 19-50 years old, 393 werewilling to participate in this study with 19 subjects were excluded and 35.8% fromtotal of 374 subjects had menstrual duration disorder. Job stress, flight type andage were the risk factors related to menstrual duration disorder. Subjects with jobstress and long haul flight within three months had higher risk for havingmenstrual duration disorder by 58% [adjusted relative risk (RRa)=1.58;confidence interval (CI)= 0.96-2.62; p=0.071] and 69% (RRa=1.69; CI=1.172.43;p=0.004) respectively. Those between age 30-39 years old had 50% lessrisk of having menstrual duration disorder (RRa=0.50; CI=0.22-1.02; p=0.057). Conclusion: Female flight attendants with job stress, long haul flight within three months and younger age had higher risk to be menstrual duration disorder. , Background: Job stress on female flight attendants can lead to menstrualduration disorder and cause psychological effects that impaired workperformance. The research objective was to identify risk factors related tomenstrual duration disorder in female flight attendants. Methods: A cross-sectional study with convenient sampling was conducted onfemale flight attendants age 19–50 years who underwent routine medicalexamination at Civil Aviation Medical Center and Garuda Sentra Medika,Jakarta on May 18-29 2015. Menstrual duration disorder data collected withquestionnaire. Stress was identified by using National Institute for OccupationalSafety and Health Generic Job Stress Questionnaire Mental Demands FormNumber 11. Relative risk was analyzed by Cox regression. Results: Among 521 female flight attendants age of 19-50 years old, 393 werewilling to participate in this study with 19 subjects were excluded and 35.8% fromtotal of 374 subjects had menstrual duration disorder. Job stress, flight type andage were the risk factors related to menstrual duration disorder. Subjects with jobstress and long haul flight within three months had higher risk for havingmenstrual duration disorder by 58% [adjusted relative risk (RRa)=1.58;confidence interval (CI)= 0.96-2.62; p=0.071] and 69% (RRa=1.69; CI=1.172.43;p=0.004) respectively. Those between age 30-39 years old had 50% lessrisk of having menstrual duration disorder (RRa=0.50; CI=0.22-1.02; p=0.057). Conclusion: Female flight attendants with job stress, long haul flight within three months and younger age had higher risk to be menstrual duration disorder. ]"

"Latar belakang: Stres kerja pada pramugari mengurangi tingkat konsentrasi dan kinerja dalam tugas terbang,serta menimbulkan gangguan fisiologis berupa gangguan siklus haid. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi stres kerja dan faktor lainnya terhadap risiko gangguan siklus haid pada pramugari. Metode: Desain potong lintang dengan sampling purposif pada pramugari usia 19-50tahun yang melaksanakan pengujian kesehatan berkala di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan dan Garuda Sentra Medika tanggal 18-29 Mei 2015. Data untuk gangguan siklus haid dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner. Stres kerja diidentifikasi dengan National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health generic job stress questionnaire mental demands. Hasil: Di antara 521 pramugari yang melaksanakan pengujian kesehatan, tersedia 251 subyek yang terpilih. Stres kerja, jenis penerbangan long haul dan pernah merokok merupakan faktor risiko dominan yang berhubungan dengan gangguan siklus haid. Subyek dengan stres kerja berisiko 2 kali lebih tinggi mengalami gangguan siklus haid [risiko relatif suaian (RRa)= 2,03; p= 0,104]. Subyek dengan jenis penerbangan jarak jauh 1 tahun terakhir berisiko 79% mengalami gangguan siklus haid (RRa= 1,79; p= 0,041). Subyek yang pernah merokok berisiko 70% mengalami gangguan siklus haid (RRa= 1,70; p= 0,072). Kesimpulan: Pramugari penerbangan sipil dengan stres kerja, jenis penerbangan jarak jauh dalam 1 tahun dan pernah merokok, memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami gangguan siklus haid.

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Background: Job stress among female flight attendants reduce level of concentration and flight duty performance, also cause physiological disorder such as menstrual cycle disorder. This study aimed to identify risk factors related to menstrual cycle disorder on female flight attendants.

Methods: A cross-sectional with purposive sampling was conducted on female flight attendants age 19-50 years who underwent periodic medical examination at Civil Aviation Medical Center and Garuda Sentra Medika on May 18-29,2015. Menstrual cycle disorder data collected with questionnaire. Job stress was identified by using National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health generic job stress questionnaire mental demands.

Results: Among 521 flight attendants, 251 subjects to analyze. Job stress,flight type and ever smoked were the risk factors related to menstrual cycle disorder. Subjects who had job stress had 2 times higher risk to menstrual cycle disorder [adjusted relative risk (RRa)= 2.03; p= 0.104]. Subject who had long haul flight had 79% higher risk to menstrual cycle disorder (RRa= 1.79; p= 0.041). Subject who ever smoke had 70% higher risk to be menstrual cycle disorder (RRa= 1.70; p= 0.072).

Conclusions: Female civilian flight attendant who had job stress, long haul flight within the last one year, and who ever smoked had higher risk to be menstrual cycle disorder."

"Gangguan menstruasi terjadi akibat disregulasi hormon yang terjadi dalam tubuh dan memberikan dampak pada wanita usia produktif, termasuk mahasiswi kedokteran. Ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya gangguan menstruasi, dan stress psikologis merupakan salah satu penyebabnya. Beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswi kedokteran rentan mengalami tingkat stress yang tinggi, dan hal tersebut berhubungan dengan kejadian gangguan menstruasi. Terdapat sedikit studi yang membahas mengenai hubungan antara gangguan menstruasi dengan tingkat stress pada populasi mahasiswi kedokteran di Indonesia. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mencari prevalensi gangguan menstruasi pada mahasiswi kedokteran dan hubungannya dengan tingkat stress. Kuesioner dibagikan untuk mengumpulkan data cross-sectional dari subjek yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Subjek dibagi menjadi populasi klinik dan preklinik, dan data akan dibagi menjadi data karakteristik subjek, parameter menstruasi, dan juga parameter nyeri haid. Terdapat proporsi yang besar terhadap tingkat pendarahan abnormal (59.0%) dan nyeri haid (67.0%). Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat stress dan tingkat kehilangan darah (p = 0.049). Studi analisis data menunjukkan hubungan bermakna antara stress psikologis dengan gangguan menstruasi yang ditandai dengan tingkat pendarahan abnormal.

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Menstrual disorder happens as hormonal dysregulation occurred inside the body and it affects women in productive age, including medical students. There are many factors that influence the occurrence, and psychological stress is one of them. Studies shows that medical students are prone to high level of stress, and it correlates with the occurrence of menstrual disorder. There are few researches that discuss correlation between menstrual disorder and level of stress on Indonesian medical students’ population. This study aims to find the prevalence of menstrual disorder among female medical student and its correlation with psychological stress. Questionnaire were distributed to collect cross-sectional data from subjects who had fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects will be divided into clinical and preclinical population and the data will be classified into subjects’ characteristics, menstruation parameters, and dysmenorrhea parameters. There are large proportions of subjects who experienced abnormal blood loss (59.0%) and dysmenorrhea (67.0%). There was significant association between level of stress and amount of blood loss (p = 0.049). Study data analysis showed statistically significant association of psychological stress with menstrual disorder that is marked by abnormal blood loss."

"Latar belakang: Nyeri pinggang bawah (NPB) sering dialami oleh pramugari yang dapat membatasi tugas dan tanggung jawab pramugari. Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan NPB pada pramugari sipil penerbangan jarak dekat dan menengah di Indonesia. Metode: Studi potong lintang dengan sampling purposif dilakukan di antara pramugari sipil penerbangan jarak dekat dan menengah yang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan tanggal 5-26 Mei 2014. Data demografi, pekerjaan dan NPB dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner. Definisi NPB ialah nyeri anamnesis yang pernah atau masih dirasakan pada pinggang bawah 1 bulan terakhir, non-neural, tidak terkait cedera akut yang tidak berhubungan pekerjaan. Analisis regresi Cox digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko yang berhubungan NPB. Hasil: Di antara 333 pramugari yang melaksanakan pengujian kesehatan, 292 orang bersedia berpartisipasi, dan 292 orang yang bersedia mengikuti penelitian, dan 245 di antaranya memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sebanyak 37,6% pramugari menderita NPB. Faktor dominan yang mempertinggi risiko NPB ialah jam terbang dan jumlah sektor 24 jam terakhir. Pramugari dengan jam terbang 9 jam atau lebih dibandingkan dengan yang kurang dari 9 jam berisiko 84% lebih tinggi mengalami NPB [risiko relatif suaian (RRa = 1,84; p = 0,000]. Ditinjau dari jumlah sektor dalam 24 jam terakhir, pramugari dengan 4 sektor atau lebih dibandingkan yang kurang dari 4 sektor berisiko 49% lebih tinggi mengalami NPB (RRa = 1,49; p = 0,047). Simpulan: Jam terbang 24 jam terakhir selama 9 jam atau lebih dan jumlah sektor 24 jam terakhir sebanyak 4 sektor atau lebih meningkatkan risiko nyeri pinggang bawah.

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Background: Low back pain (LBP) often experienced by flight attendants could limit their duties and responsibilities. Aim of this study was to determine the correlation between flight time and other factors with LBP among short and medium haul commercial female flight attendants in Indonesia.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with purposive sampling among short and medium haul commercial female flight attendants who conducting medical examination on May 5-26th 2014 at Civil Aviation Medical Center. Demographic, job and LBP data collected using questionnaire and physical examination. Definition of LBP was historically pain that ever or still felt in lower back in the last month, non-neural, and no non-working related acute injury. Cox regression analysis used to identify risk factor associated LBP.

Results: Among 333 female flight attendants who were conducting medical examination, 292 attendants willing to participate, and 245 meet inclusion criteria. There were 37.6% flight attendants experienced LBP. The dominant factors increasing LBP risk were flight time and number of sectors in the last 24 consecutive hours. Female flight attendant with 9 hours or more flight time compared with less have 84% higher LBP risk [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 1.84; p = 0.000]. Review from number of sectors in the last 24 consecutive hours, female flight attendant with 4 sectors or more compared with less have 49% higher LBP risk (RRa = 1.49; p = 0.047).

Conclusion: Nine hours or more flight time and 4 sectors or more in the last 24 consecutive hours have higher risk of LBP."

"Latar belakang: Kelelahan yang dialami oleh pramugari dapat mempengaruhi sebagian besar kemampuan dalam melaksanakan tugas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kelelahan pada pramugari sipil di Indonesia. Metode: Desain potong lintang dengan sampling purposif pada pramugari yang melaksanakan pengujian kesehatan di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan dan Garuda Sentra Medika, tanggal 27 April?13 Mei 2015. Kelelahan diukur dengan Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner , meliputi demografi, pekerjaan, kehilangan waktu tidur , beban kerja mental dan kelelahan. Hasil: Di antara 512 pramugari yang melaksanakan pemeriksaan kesehatan, 373 subyek termasuk kriteria inklusi, dengan prevalensi kelelahan 36,2%. Jumlah sektor, kehilangan waktu tidur, perubahan jadwal terbang dan kadar hemoglobin merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan kelelahan. Jumlah sektor lebih dari enam memiliki risiko 37% menyebabkan kelelahan [risiko relatif suaian (RRa)=1,37;p=0,095]. Kehilangan waktu tidur berisiko dua kali lebih besar menyebabkan kelelahan (RRa=2,07;p= 0,000).Perubahan jadwal terbang dan kadar hemoglobin rendah memiliki risiko 44%(RRa=1,41;p=0,011) dan 33%(RRa=1,33;p=0,042) menyebabkan kelelahan. Simpulan: Jumlah sektor 7-9 dalam 24 jam terakhir, kehilangan waktu tidur, perubahan jadwal terbang dan kadar hemoglobin rendah meningkatkan risiko kelelahan pada pramugari sipil di Indonesia.

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Background: Fatigue among flight attendants could affect the capabilities in performing duties. The aim of this study were to investigate factors on fatigue among female flight attendant in Indonesia.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with purposive sampling was directed to female flight attendant who were taking medical examination at Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan and Garuda Sentra Medika, from April 27th-May 13th 2015. Fatigue was measured with Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Data were collected by completing an questionnaire on demographics, workload, sleep restriction, mental workload and fatigue.

Results: Among 521 flight attendant were taking medical examination, 373 were choosen as subject and the percentage of fatigue was 36.2%. Number of sector, sleep restriction, changed of duty schedule and hemoglobin level were the factors related to fatigue. Subject with number of sector more than six had 37% increase risk to have fatigue [adjusted relative risk(RRa)=1.37;p=0.095]. Subject with sleep restriction had 2-fold risk to have fatigue(RRa=2.07;p= 0.000). Subject with changed of duty schedule and low hemoglobin levels have 41%(RRa=1.41;p=0.011) and 33%(RRa=1.33;p=0.042) increase risk to have fatigue.

Conclusions: Number of 7-9 sectors in the last 24 hours, sleep restriction, changed of duty schedule and low hemoglobin level have increased risk of fatigue among flight attendant in Indonesia."

"Latar belakang: Mata merupakan indera yang sangat penting dalam penerbangan. Salah satu fungsi untuk menentukan perkiraan jarak, sehingga diperlukan fungsi kedua mata yang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya identifikasi pengaruh jam terbang total terhadap risiko miopia ringan pada pilot sipil di Indonesia. Metode: Studi potong lintang dengan purposif sampel pada pilot sipil yang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan dengan rentang waktu 27 April sampai dengan 13 Mei 2015. Definisi miopia ringan jika mata memerlukan koreksi penglihatan jauh dengan lensa < -3 dioptri. Data karakteristik demografi, pekerjaan, kebiasaan diperoleh dari kuesioner. Data tajam penglihatan dan kadar gula darah puasa didapatkan dari rekam medis Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan. Analisis menggunakan regresi Cox dengan waktu konstan. Hasil: 690 pilot sipil yang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan, 428 subjek bersedia menjadi responden. Subjek terpilih untuk dianalisis berjumlah 413 pilot dan 15 pilot lainnya menderita miopia berat. Dari 413 pilot, 141(34,1%) miopia ringan dan 272 (65,8%) normal. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi miopia ringan adalah ras, status perkawinan dan jam terbang total secara signifikan. Subjek dengan ras selain Asia dibandingkan dengan ras Asia berisiko 2,1 kali lipat lebih besar menderita miopia ringan [risiko relatif suaian (RRa)=2,19; p=0,030]. Dibandingkan dengan subjek tidak menikah, subjek yang menikah berisiko 3,8 kali lipat menderita miopia ringan (RRa=3,80; p=0,000). Selanjutnya, dibandingkan subjek dengan jam terbang total 16-194 jam, subjek dengan jam terbang total 195-30285 jam mempunyai risiko 4,5 kali lipat menderita miopia ringan (RRa=4,56; p=0,000). Kesimpulan: Subjek yang menikah, ras non Asia dan yang memiliki 195 atau lebih jam terbang total mempunyai risiko lebih tinggi menderita miopia ringan di Indonesia.

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Background: Eye is very important organ in aviation?s operation. One of the functions is to estimate distance where both healthy eyes are needed. The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of total flight hours on the risk of mild myopia among civilian pilots in Indonesia.

Methods: Study design was cross-sectional with purposive sampling among pilots those who got medical examinations at Civil Aviation Medical Center on April 27th - May13th, 2015. Mild myopia is condition the eyes need negatif lens corection for distance visual acuity less than -3 diopters. Demographic characteristic, occupational characteristic, ranking characteristics, and habits were obtained from questionnaire. Visual acuity and fasting blood sugar levels data were obtained from medical records in Aviation Medical Board. Data were analysed with Cox regression.

Resulted: 690 civilian Indonesia?s pilots who conducted medical examination, 428 subjects were willing to participate. Total subjects to be analyzed were 413 pilots and 15 pilots were not involved since severe myopia. Amongst of 413 pilots, 141 (34,1%) mild myopia and 272 (65,8%) normal. Factors influencing mild myopia were race, marital status and total flight hours. Non-Asian subject had 2.1-fold risk of mild myopia compared to Asian race subject [adjusted relative risk (RRa)=2.19; p=0.030]. Subjects who were married had 3.8-fold risk of mild myopia compared with subjects who were not married (RRa=3.80; p=0.000). Subjects who had total flight hours 195-30285 hours had 4.5-fold risk to be mild myopia compared with subjects 194 or less total flight hours (RRa=4.56; p=0.000).

Conclusion: Married subject, non-Asian race and those who have 195 or more total flight hours constitute a higher risk of suffering mild myopia."

"Latar Belakang: Dalam dunia penerbangan, fatigue dapat menyebabkan inkapasitasi penerbang dan mengakibatkan kecelakaan pesawat. Jam terbang merupakan salah satu faktor yang berhubungan dengan risiko fatigue. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan jam terbang 7 hari dan beberapa faktor lain terhadap risiko fatigue pada penerbang sipil di Indonesia. Metode: Sebuah studi cross sectional dengan consecutive sampling dilakukan pada penerbang sipil yang sedang melakukan medical check-up di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan di Jakarta pada Juni 2016. Karakteristik demografi, pekerjaan, kebiasaan dan jam terbang diperoleh melalui kuesioner dan wawancara. Data fatigue diperoleh melalui pemgisian self-questionnaire fatigue dan dihitung dengan Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) yang telah dikalibrasi. Fatigue dikategorikan menjadi “Tidak Fatigue” (skor FSS <36) dan “Fatigue” (skor FSS ≥36). Analisis menggunakan risiko relatif dengan regresi Cox dan waktu yang konstan. Hasil: Penelitian ini mencakup 542 penerbang, 50,2% mengalami fatigue, dan 49,8% tidak fatigue. Subyek yang memiliki jam terbang lebih dari 30 jam dalam 7 hari dibandingkan dengan yang kurang sama dengan 30 jam dalam 7 hari, memiliki risiko fatigue 1,39 kali lebih tinggi [risiko relatif disesuaikan (RRA)= 1,39; CI=1,16-1,68; p = 0,001]. Subjek yang memiliki lisensi tipe ATPL dibandingkan dengan yang CPL memiliki risiko fatigue 1,31 kali lebih tinggi (RRa= 1,31; CI=1,11-1,54 p= 0,001). Selanjutnya subyek yang berolahraga secara appropriate memiliki risiko fatigue 32% lebih kecil (RRa=0.68; CI=0,43-1,06; p=0.094). Kesimpulan: Penerbang sipil di Indonesia yang memiliki jam terbang lebih dari 30 jam dalam 7 hari dan penerbang dengan lisensi tipe ATPL mengalami peningkatan risiko fatigue. Kebiasaan olahraga secara appropriate menurunkan risiko fatigue pada penerbang sipil di Indonesia.

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Background: In aviation world, fatigue may cause the pilot incapacitation and can lead to the aircraft accidents. Flight hours is believed to be one of the factors related to the risk of fatigue. The purpose of this study is to identify relationship between flight hours in seven day and other factors to the risk of fatigue among civilian pilot in Indonesia.

Methods: A cross sectional study with consecutive sampling was conducted among civilian pilots who attended medical check-up at Aviation Medical Center in Jakarta on June 2016. Demographic characteristics, employment related factors, habits and flight hours were obtained through questionnaire and interviews. Fatigue data were obtained through fatigue self-questionnaire form and measured with Fatigue Severity Scale which had been validated. Fatigue was categorized into non-fatigue (FSS score <36) and fatigue (FSS score ≥36). Risk relative was computed using Cox regression with a constant time.

Results: This study included 542 pilots, 50,2% had fatigue and 49,8% were normal (non-fatigue). The subjects who have flight hours >30 hours/week compared to ≤30 hours/week, had 1.37-fold higher risk of fatigue [adjusted relative risk [RRa=1.37; CI=1,14-1,65; p=0.001]. The subject with ATPL license compared to CPL license, had 1.28-fold higher risk of fatigue [RRa=1.31; CI=1,11-1,54; p=0.001). Furthermore, subjects who have appropriate exercise, had 32% lower risk of fatigue (RRa=0.68; CI=0,43-1,06; p=0.094).

Conclusions: Civilian pilots in Indonesia who had more than 30 hours flight time in 7 days and ATPL type pilots have an increased risk of fatigue. Appropriate exercise decreased the risk of fatigue on civilian pilots in Indonesia."

"Latar belakang. Hiperglikemi memiliki komplikasi jangka panjang yaitu penyakit kardiovaskular yang dapat mengganggu kinerja seorang pilot sipil dalam keselamatan penerbangan. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan identifikasi faktor-faktor yang berperan terhadap risiko hiperglikemi. Metode. Subjek penelitian potong lintang dipilih secara purposif di antara pilot sipil yang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala pada 29 Mei sampai 9 Juni tahun 2013 di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan (Balhatpen). Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, pemeriksaan fisik dan pengambilan data kadar Glukosa Darah Puasa (GDP) dari laboratorium Balhatpen. Hiperglikemi adalah kadar GDP 100-125 mg/dl. Gula darah normal adalah kadar GDP 70-99 mg/dl. Hasil. Selama 10 hari pengumpulan data didapat 612 pilot sipil dan sebanyak 225 orang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan 3 faktor dominan yaitu rerata jam terbang per tahun 1051-1130 jam, kebiasaan makan roti setiap hari dan kebiasaan makan makanan manis setiap hari yang berpengaruh terhadap risiko hiperglikemi. Pilot sipil yang memiliki rerata jam terbang per tahun 1051-1130 jam dibandingkan dengan 0-1050 jam per tahun berisiko 7 kali lebih besar mengalami hiperglikemi [risiko relatif suaian (RRa)=7,15; 95% interval kepercayaan (CI)=0,85-57,23; P=0,063]. Pilot sipil dengan kebiasaan makan roti setiap hari dibandingkan dengan 0-4x/minggu berisiko 1,9 kali lebih besar mengalami hiperglikemi [RRa=1,94; 95% CI=0,91-4,16; P=0,085]. Selanjutnya, pilot sipil dengan kebiasaan makan makanan manis setiap hari dibandingkan dengan 0-4x/minggu berisiko hiperglikemi sebanyak 2 kali lipat [RRa=1,99; 95% CI=1,10-3,60; P=0,023]. Kesimpulan. Rerata jam terbang per tahun 1051-1130 jam, kebiasaan makan roti setiap hari, dan kebiasaan makan makanan manis setiap hari mempertinggi risiko hiperglikemi.

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Background. Hyperglycemia can lead to long-term complications such as cardiovascular disease that could interfere the performance of a civilian pilot in aviation safety. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the factors that contribute to the risk of hyperglycemia. Methods. This cross-sectional study subjects selected purposively among civilian pilots undergoing their periodic medical check-up on May, 29 to June, 9 2013 at the Aviation Health Center. Data collected through interviews, physical examinations and data retrieval of fasting blood glucose levels from the Aviation Health Center?s laboratorium. Hyperglycemia, if fasting blood glucose levels of 100-125 mg/I. Normal, if fasting blood glucose levels 70-99 mg /I. Result. During the 10 days of data collection obtained around 800 crew members and civilian pilots who meet the inclusion criteria are 225 pilots. This study found three dominant factors, flight hours per year from 1051 to 1130 hours, eating white bread every day and eating sweets everyday that influence the risk of hyperglycemia. Flight hours per year from 1051 to 1130 hours had a 7 times increased risk to hyperglycemia [Relative Risk adjusted (Rra)=7.15, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)=0 0.85-57.23, P=0.063]. Eating white bread everyday had 1.9 times increased risk to hyperglycemia [Rra=1.94, 95% CI=0.91-4.16, P=0.085]. Furthermore, eating sweets everyday at risk of hyperglycemia by almost 2-fold [Rra=1.99, 95% CI=1.10-3.60, P=0.023]. Conclusion. Flight hours per year from 1051 to 1130 hours, eating white bread every day, and eating sweets every day increased risk to hyperglycemia."

"Latar belakang : Diabetes Mellitus (DM) dapat terjadi pada pilot sipil akan menyebabkan struk dan gangguan kardiovaskular sehingga membahayakan keselamatan penerbangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah identifikasi kaitan total jam terbang dan faktor lainnya terhadap DM pada pilot sipil di Indonesia.Metode : Penelitian menggunakan metode potong lintang dengan sampel purposif pada pilot sipil di Indonesia yang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan pada tanggal 26 Mei ? 6 Juni 2015. Pengumpulan data menggunakan formulir kuesioner, pemeriksaan fisik dan laboratorium. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah karakteristik demografi dan pekerjaan, kebiasaan makan, indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dan kebiasaan olah raga. Kategori Diabetes Mellitus berdasarkan PERKENI.Hasil: Diantara 690 pilot yang melakukan pemeriksaan medis, 428 subjek bersedia mengikuti penelitian. Subjek yang diikutsertakan dalam analisis sebanyak 292, 10,3% memiliki kadar gula puasa tinggi dan 89,7% memiliki kadar gula puasa normal. Jika dibandingkan subjek dengan jam terbang 16-4999 jam subjek dengan jam terbang 5000-27500 jam mempunyai risiko lebih besar menyandang DM risiko relatif suaian (RRa)=2,86; 95% interval kepercayaan (CI)=1,38-5,94; p=0,005]. Selanjutnya dibandingkan pilot dengan IMT normal, pilot dengan obesitas memiliki risiko lebih besar menyandang DM (RRa=3,29; 95% CI=0,76-14,29; p=0,111).

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Background : Diabetes Mellitus (DM) can occur in civilian pilots will lead to a stroke and cardiovascular disorders, endangering flight safety. The purpose of this study was the identification of linkages total flying hours and other factors against the DM at civilian pilot in Indonesia.Methods: A cross-sectional study using the method with a purposive sample in civilian pilots in Indonesia, which performs periodic health checks on Flight Health Center on May 26 to June 6, 2015. The data were collected using a questionnaire form, physical examination and laboratory findings. The data collected were the demographic characteristics and work, eating habits, body mass index (BMI) and exercise habits. DM classification based on standard PERKENI.Results : Among the 690 pilots who conduct medical examination, 428 subjects were willing to follow the study. Subjects were included in the analysis as much as 292, 10.3% had high fasting glucose levels and 89.7% had normal fasting glucose levels. Compare to the pilots with total flight hours 16-4999 hours, pilots total flight hours 5000-27500 had 2.86 higher risk DM [RRa = 2.86; 95% CI = 1.38 to 5.94; p = 0.005]. Furthermore, compared to the pilot with normal BMI, the pilot with obesity had 3.3 higher risk DM (RRa = 3.29; 95% CI = 0.76- 14.29; p = 0.111).Conclusions: The pilots who had total flight hours 5000 hours or more and obese had higher risk to be DM."

"Latar belakang: Distres pada pilot dapat mengurangi tingkat kewaspadaan dan mengganggu proses pengambilan keputusan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi pengaruh jam terbang total dan faktor dominan lainnya terhadap risiko distres di antara pilot sipil di Indonesia.Metode: Studi potong lintang dengan sampling purposif pada tanggal 1-14 Mei 2013 terhadap pilot yang sedang melakukan pemeriksaan medik (medEx) di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan, Jakarta. Pilot mengisi langsung dan tanpa nama data demografi dan pekerjaan, kuesioner strategi koping dan stresor di rumah. Pengukuran distres menggunakan Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) dengan titik potong 5/6, self rating dan anonymous. Risiko distres dianalisis menggunakan risiko relatif (RR) dengan regresi Cox dengan waktu konstan.Hasil: Dari 209 pilot yang berlisensi Private Pilot (PPL), Commercial Pilot (CPL) dan Air Transport Pilot (ATPL) didapatkan 13,4% berisiko distres. Pilot dengan jam terbang total 6000-12999 jam dibandingkan dengan 59-5999 jam berisiko distres 6 kali lipat [risiko relatif suaian (RRa) = 5,83; P = 0,000], sedangkan pada jam terbang total 13000-29000 berisiko distres 8 kali lipat (RRa = 8,42; P = 0,000). Pertengkaran di keluarga 2 kali lipat mempertinggi risiko distres (RRa = 2,47; P = 0,006), sedangkan penggunaan koping beragama 51% mengurangi distres (RRa = 0,49; CI = 0,97-1,06; P = 0,051).Kesimpulan: Jam terbang total 6000 jam atau lebih dan pertengkaran di keluarga mempertinggi risiko distres, sedangkan penggunaan koping beragama menurunkan distres pada pilot sipil di Indonesia.

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Background: Distress can reduce awareness and interfere of decision making. The aimed of this study to identify the effect of total flight hours to distress risk among civilian pilots in Indonesia.

Methods: Methode was used a cross sectional study with purposive sampling conducted on May 1-14, 2013 on working hours among pilots who did medical check up (MedEx) at Aviation Medical Center, Jakarta. This study use SRQ-20 with cut off point 5/6 to measure of distress, coping strategy and home stressor check list questionnaire which is a self-rating and anonymous. Data were analyzed with Cox regression with constant time.

Result: Of 209 pilots which has Private Pilot License (PPL), Commercial Pilot License (CPL), and Air Transport Pilot License (ATPL) there were 13.4% pilots had distress. Those who had total flight of 6000-12999 hours compared to 59- 5999 hours had 6-fold increased distress risk [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 5.83; P =0.000]. Meanwhile, those who had total flight of 13000-29000 hours had 8- fold increased distress risk. Those who had family tension had 2-fold increased distress risk (RRa = 2.47; P=0.006). Meanwhile the using of religion coping could 51% decreased distres risk (RRa = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.97-1.06; P = 0.051).

Conclusion: Total flight hours on 6000 hour or more and tension in family have increased distress risk, on the other hand the using of religion coping decreased distress risk in civilian pilots."