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"Presents information on every drug class used to treat cardiovascular disease. This title features dosages, interactions, indications and contraindications, side effects, and more at your fingertips, equipping you to make effective clinical decisions on behalf of your patients"

" ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Jantung adalah organ yang metabolisme energinya bersifat aerobikdan mutlak memerlukan oksigen sebagai akseptor elektron terakhir dalampembentukan ATP. Pada keadaan hipoksia, terjadi pembentukan radikal bebasakibat terganggunya aliran elektron yang kemudian mengakibatkan stres oksidatifsehingga menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan. Glutation (GSH) merupakanantioksidan endogen yang dapat menangkal radikal bebas sehingga mencegahkerusakan jaringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh hipoksiasistemik selama 1 3 5 dan 7 hari terhadap kadar GSH jaringan jantungMetodologi Jaringan jantung berasal dari tikus Sprague-Dawley jantan usia 6 8 minggu yang telah terpapar kondisi normoksik sebagai kontrol dan kondisihipoksia sistemik berkelanjutan selama 1 3 5 dan 7 hari. Kadar GSH kemudiandiukur dan dianalisa menggunakan ANOVA. Hasil: Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa hipoksia sistemik berkelanjutan selama 1 3 5 dan 7 haritidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna kadar GSH jaringan jantung p 005Kadar GSH terendah yang ditemukan pada hari 3 1395 ng mg proteinKesimpulan Hipoksia sistemik berkelanjutan pada penelitian in tidakberpengaruh terhadap kadar GSH jaringan jantung.

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ABSTRAKIntroduction: Heart is an organ which the aerobic energy metabolism of it needsoxygen as a final electron for the needs of ATP production. In hypoxic conditionthe electron flow is interrupted; causing free radicals formation leading tooxidative stress and potentially causes tissue damage. Glutathione (GSH) worksas an endogenous antioxidant to counteract free radicals thus preventing tissuedamage. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between hypoxia within 1 35 and 7 days with GSH levels in the heart tissue. Method The heart sample ofwas obtained from male SpragueDawley 6 8 weeks old) that has been exposedto normoxic condition as the control and continuous systemic hypoxia within 13 5 and 7 days The GSH level was then measured and analyzed using ANOVA.Results The result of this study depicted that continuous systemic hypoxiaexposure of 1 3 5 and 7 days showed no significant differences to the GSH levelof the heart tissue p 0.05 The lowest GSH level was found on day 3 1 395ng mg protein Conclusion Continuous systemic hypoxia in this study showedno influence in GSH level in the heart tissue."

"Peningkatan kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida merupakan faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) dan secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) merupakan tanaman herbal yang sering digunakan di Indonesia sebagai obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian ekstrak jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) dan secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) terhadap profil lipid pada model hewan hiperlipidemia. Untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian ekstrak Jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) dan secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) terhadap profil lipid plasma, hewan uji dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok; kelompok normal (CMC Na 0,5%) dan kelompok negatif (CMC Na 0,5%), kelompok positif (Aspirin), dan kelompok kombinasi ekstrak dosis 1, dosis 2, dan dosis 3. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak jahe merah-secang menurunkan kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida secara signifikan (p<0,05) pada semua kelompok dosis dari pekan ke-8 hingga 10. Selain itu, kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida pada pekan ke-10 menunjukan perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05) antara kelompok kontrol negatif terhadap kelompok kontrol positif, dosis I, dosis II, dan dosis III. Kelompok positif pada pekan ke-10 menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak signifikan (p<0,05) terhadap kelompok dosis I, dosis II, dan dosis III. Dengan demikian, tiga variasi komposisi ekstrak jahe merah-secang mampu menurunkan kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida dalam darah, dengan dosis III (800 mg : 200 mg/200 g BB) menghasilkan penurunan kadar kolesterol total dan kadar trigliserida paling tinggi.

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Elevated levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) and secang (Caesalpinia sappan L) are herbal plants that are often used in Indonesia as medicine. This study aimed to examine the effect of red ginger extract (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) and secang (Caesalpinia sappan) on lipid profiles in hyperlipidemic animal models. To analyze the effect of red ginger extract (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) and secang (Caesalpinia sappan L) on plasma lipid profile, the test animals were divided into 6 groups; the normal group (CMC Na 0.5%) and the negative group (CMC Na 0.5%), the positive group (Aspirin), and the combination group extract dose 1, dose 2, and dose 3. The results of the analysis showed that the administration of red ginger extract -Secang reduced total cholesterol and triglyceride levels significantly (p<0.05) in all dose groups from week 8 to 10. In addition, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels at week 10 showed a significant difference (p<0 0.05) between the negative control group and the positive control group, dose I, dose II, and dose III. The positive group at week 10 showed no significant difference (p<0.05) against the dose I, dose II, and dose III groups. Thus, three variations of the composition of red ginger-secang extract were able to reduce total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood, with dose III (800 mg: 200 mg/200 g BW) resulted in the highest reduction in total cholesterol and triglyceride level."

"Summary: "Learn all you need to know about gastrointestinal drugs and their clinical use with this one-stop, rapid reference pocket guide. Brought to you by many of the world’s leading GI drug experts, Pocket Guide to Gastrointestinal Drugs provides comprehensive guidance to the pharmacological properties of drugs used to treat gastrointestinal conditions, including mechanisms of action, appropriate administration, and potential adverse effects associated with their use. Organized by class of drug and ranging from PPIs to immunosupressants, each chapter first examines the specific agents within that class and then their appropriate and judicious use across a range of specific GI disorders. Key features include: - Introduction of drug class, - Basic pharmacology, including mechanism of action, bioavailability, metabolism, interactions, adverse effects, toxicity, and special considerations, - Dosing information for each GI condition and on- and off-label use, - Consistent use of both generic and trade names throughout, - Specific reference to drug use in pediatric patients and during pregnancy. Perfect for quick consultation on the wards and in the office, Pocket Guide to Gastrointestinal Drugs is the ideal tool for all those managing patients with GI conditions, including gastroenterologists, GI trainees, emergency physicians, GI specialist nurses, primary care physicians and residents, intensivists and pharmacists"--Provided by publisher.Contents: Machine generated contents note: Section I: Upper GI Tract1 Prokinetic agents and antiemetics / Hemangi Kale and Ronnie Fass -- 2 Proton pump inhibitors / Wanda P. Blanton and M. Michael Wolfe -- 3 Histamine H2-receptor antagonists / Kentaro Sugano -- 4 Prostaglandins and other mucosal protecting agents / Carlos Sostres and Angel LanasSection II: Small and Large Intestine -- 5 5-HT Modulators and other anti-diarrheal agents and cathartics / Albena Halpert and Douglas Drossman -- 6 5-Aminosalicylates / Hannah L. Miller and Francis A. Farraye -- 7 Immunosuppressive agents / Lev Lichtenstein and Gerald M. Fraser -- 8 Biological agents / Gert Van AsscheSection III: Liver and Pancreas -- 9 Interferons / Robert C. Lowe -- 10 Nucleoside analogues / David P. Nunes -- 11 Ursodeoxycholic acid and chelating agents / James Dooley -- 12 Agents for the treatment of portal hypertension / Karen L. Krok and Andres Cardenas -- 13 Pancreatic enzymes / Steven Czinn and Samra S. Blanchard -- Section IV: Antimicrobials and Vaccines -- 14 Antibiotics for the therapy of gastrointestinal diseases / Melissa Osborn -- 15 Antimicrobials for parasitic diseases / Joachim Richter -- 16 Vaccines for Viral Hepatitides / Savio John and Raymond T. Chung -- 17 Rotavirus and Other Enteric Vaccinations / Christopher J. Moran and Esther Israel -- Section V: Nutrition and Probiotics -- 18 Parenteral and enteral nutrition feeding formulas / Dominic N. Reeds and Beth Taylor -- 19 Probiotics / Christina M. Surawicz."

"The book starts with four chapters in which the potential, advantages, and phylogeny of enzybiotics are reviewed. Then, the new ways of controlling infections by Gramnegative bacteria and an updated view of bacteriophage holins are presented. After a review of antistaphylococcal lytic enzymes, the book goes on to discuss membrane targeted enzybiotics, as well as the design of phage cocktails for current therapy. Finally, the last two chapters deal respectively with the novel methods to identify new enzybiotics and the use of modified phages to induce suicide in bacteria.Enzybiotics is a promising way of fighting bacterial or fungal infectious diseases by using viruses or viral-derived lysins. Drawing from the fields of medicinal chemistry, microbiology, genetics, and biochemistry, this book presents the state of the science in enzybiotics research, fully exploring its emerging therapeutic applications.The book begins with four chapters that review the potential applications, possible advantages, and phylogeny of enzybiotics. Next, the book explores :- A new approach to controlling infections using Gram-negative bacteria- Bacteriophage holins and their membrane-disrupting activity- Anti-staphylococcal lytic enzymes- Membrane-targeted enzybiotics- Design of phage cocktails for therapy from a host-range point of view- Novel methods to identify new enzybiotics- Genetically modified phages that deliver suicidal genes to target bacteriaThe authors, all active enzybiotics researchers, offer a variety of perspectives, the benefit of their own hands-on investigations, as well as a thorough review and analysis of the current literature.As more and more bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, the development of new disease-fighting agents has become essential. This book demonstrates the full potential of the emerging field of enzybiotics to control infectious diseases. Moreover, it will serve as a springboard for new research and the development of new therapeutics."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode sensor senyawa captopril pada obat antihipertensi secara elektrokimia dengan elektroda yang dimodifikasi dengan nikel oksida. Dalam penelitian ini, sintesis nikel oksida menggunakan metode pengendapan yaitu dalam sistem tertutup. Karakterisasi nikel oksida digunakan SEM-EDS, XRD dan FTIR. Sintesis nikel oksida digunakan Ni NO3 2.6H2O sebagai sumber nikel dan NH4OH sebagai sumber basa. Hasil karakterisais SEM menunjukan morfologi nikel oksida seperti agregat. Karakterisasi XRD nikel oksida yaitu menunjukan terbentuknya nikel oksida dengan jenis kristal kubik dan karakterisasi FTIR menunjukan adanya gugus O-H dan gugus Ni-O. Elektroda Ni/CPE dibandingkan dengan NiO/CPE dihasilkan sensitivitas Ni/CPE dan NiO/CPE 0,00135 AmM-1cm-2 dan 0,129 AmM-1cm-2 dan batas deteksi masing-masing yaitu 7,91 x 10-5 mM dan 2,0 x 10-4 mM dengan r2 Ni/CPE yaitu 0,9978 dan r2 NiO/CPE yaitu 0,9766.

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This research is to develop captopril compound sensor method on antihypertensive drugs electrochemically with electrode modified nickel oxide. In this study, the synthesis of nickel oxide using precipitation methods in closed systems. characterization of nickel oxide using SEM EDS, XRD and FTIR. Synthesis of nickel oxide using Ni NO3 2.6H2O as nickel source and NH4OH as base source. The SEM characterization results show the morphology of nickel oxide such as aggregate. Characterization of XRD nickel oxide shows the formation of nickel oxide with cubic crystal structure and FTIR characterization indicates the presence of Ni O groups and O H. The Ni CPE electrodes compared with NiO CPE resulted in sensitivity of Ni CPE and NiO CPE 0,00135 A mM 1 cm 2 and 0,129 A mM 1cm 2 and detection limits Ni CPE is 7,91 x 10 5 mM and NiO CPE is 2,0 x 10 4 mM with r2 Ni CPE is 0,9978 and r2 NiO CPE is 0,9766."

"Statin adalah kelompok obat antihiperlipidemik yang dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol dalam darah. Statin dapat menghambat kerja enzim HMG CoA reductase yang berperan dalam reaksi konverasi HMG CoA dalam sintsesis kolesterol dalam hati. Dehidrolovastatin adalah senyawa analog dari lovastatin yang nantinya digunakan untuk terapi pasien yang mempunyai kadar kolesterol darah yang tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan metode yang valid untuk penetapankadar dehidrolovastatin dalam plasma in vitro. Validasi metode analisis ini meliputi studi tentang kurva kalibrasi dan linieritas, LLOQ dan selektivitas, akurasi, presisi, perolehan kembali dan stabilitas. Metode analisis ini menggunakan KCKT Knauer dengan perangkat detektor UV 2500, kolom Kromasil ®100-5, C18, 250 x 4,6 mm.Sistim fase terbalik ini mempunyai kondisi optimum yaitu menggunakan fase gerak asetonitril dan asam fosfat 0,1 % (75:25), laju alir 1,2 mL/menit, standar internal simvastatin dan panjang gelombang 238 nm. Sampel dengan rentang konsentrasi 0,013 - 0,200 ppm memberikan kurva kalibrasi dengan koefisien korelasi 0,998 dan LLOQ 0,013 ppm. Hasil penelitian validasi metode penetapan kadar ini memenuhi persyaratan standar.

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AbstractStatins are antihyperlipidemic drugs for lowering LDL-cholesterol level in human blood. They were designed to inhibit HMG CoA reductase in the liver so that the enzyme will not catalyze the transformation of HMG CoA into early precursor of LDL-cholesterol. Dehydrolovastatin is a kind of statins whose structure is analogous to lovastatin (its starting material). The aim of this study was to validate method forin vitro analysis of dehidrolovastatin in plasm. The validation included studies of calibration curve and linearity, LLOQ and selectivity, accuracy, precision, recovery, and stability. Dehidrolovastatin was deteminated by Knauer ® HPLC using UV 2500detector, Kromasil ® 100-5, C18, 250 mm, 4.6 mm i.d., column. Reversed phase was applied with the optimal condition such as mobile phase acetonitrile and phosphoric acid 0.1 % (75:25), the flow rate of 1.2 mL. minutes -1, simvastatin as internalstandard and wavelength 238 nm. Concentrations of sample ranged from 0.013 to 0.200 ppm with correlation coefficient of the calibration curves 0,998 and lower limit of quantitation was 0.013 ppm. The results of validation studies fulfilled standard criteria."

"ABSTRAKProgram Ners Spesialis Keperawatan Medikal Bedah kekhususan Kardiovaskular merupakan serangkaian kegiatan pendidikan yang berfungsi untuk menerapkan teori keperawatan dalam upaya untuk memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien dengan gangguan sistem kardiovaskular. Peran sebagai pemberi asuhan keperawatan dilakukan oleh residen dengan mengelola sebanyak 31 pasien dengan menggunakan teori adaptasi Roy. Peran sebagai peneliti dilakukan dengan menerapkan Evidence Based Nursing EBN yaitu menerapkan pengkajian resiko perdarahan dengan metode HAS-BLED untuk mengetahui resiko perdarahan lebih dini. Peran sebagai innovator diwujudkan dengan membuat karya innovasi berupa format pengkajian discharge planning. Hasilnya adalah: 1. Model konsep adaptasi Roy efektif diterapkan sebagai upaya untuk memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien gangguan sistem kardiovaskular, 2. Pengkajian HAS-BLED efektif untuk menilai risiko perdarahan, dan 3. Format discharge planning dengan pendekatan 5 model discharge planning terbukti cukup efektif digunakan sebagai sarana pendokumentasian discharge planning di RSJPDHK Jakarta

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ABSTRACTMedical surgical nursing clinical practise especially in cardiovascular is a educational programme to applied nursing theory model in nursing care with cardiovascular disease. Nurses performed their roles as a care provider by managed 31 patients with the nursing theory model approach used is Roy rsquo s adaptation theory. The role as a researcher was excuted by applying evidence based nursing practice with the topic HAS BLED Form to assess bleeding risk earlier. The role as a innovator, the practician trying to created Discharge Planning Form. The results of the practice analysis are 1. Roy rsquo s Adaptation model is effective to apply in nursing care with cardiovascular diseases. 2. HAS BLED is effective to scoring bleeding risk assessment, and 3. Discharge planning Form with five models approach is acceptable in Nasional Cardiovascular Centre Harapan Kita. "

"Latar belakang : Setiap tahapan gangguan metabolisme glukosa pada disglikemia berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko kejadian kardiovaskular. Pada disglikemia perlu diketahui prediktor serta stratifikasi risiko individu mengalami kejadian kardiovaskular sehingga dapat dilakukan pencegahan primer. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan model prediktor kejadian kardiovaskular pada disglikemia.Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kohort retrospektif pada “Studi Kohort Faktor Risiko Penyakit Tidak Menular Bogor” tahun 2011-2018. Pada awal penelitian dilakukan pencatatan usia, jenis kelamin, tekanan darah, indeks massa tubuh, lingkar perut, glukosa darah, kolesterol, kebiasaan merokok, riwayat penyakit kardiovaskular dalam keluarga dan aktivitas fisik. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengamatan kejadian kardiovaskular yaitu penyakit jantung koroner, stroke atau all cause cardiovascular mortality dalam enam tahun. Hubungan variabel yang secara independen yang mempengaruhi kejadian kardiovaskular dianalisis dengan cox proportional hazards regression, lalu dilakukan pembuatan model prediksi, penilaian diskriminasi dengan menggunakan kurva ROC dan kalibrasi dengan Hosmer -Lemeshow.Hasil : Sebanyak 1.085 subjek masuk dalam penelitian ini dengan 73,5% subjek adalah perempuan. Insidens kejadian kardiovaskular dalam enam tahun adalah 9,7%. Faktor prediktor kejadian kardiovaskular pada disglikemia dalam enam tahun pada penelitian yaitu usia 45-65 tahun (HR=2,737; IK 95% 1,565-4,787) dan hipertensi (HR=2,580;IK 95% 1,619-4,112). Total skor pada model prediktor adalah dua dengan probabilitas kejadian kardiovaskular dalam enam tahun 17,2%. Hasil analisis kurva ROC didapatkan nilai Area Under the Curve (AUC) model prediktor sebesar 0,689 dengan p < 0,001 (IK 95% 0,641-0,737).

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Background: Each stage of impaired glucose metabolism in dysglycemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. In dysglycemia, it is necessary to acknowledge the predictors and the risk stratification in individuals at high risk for cardiovascular disease so that primary prevention can be done. This study aims to develop a predictive model of cardiovascular events in dysglycemia.

Method: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted in the “The Bogor Cohort Study of Noncommunicable Diseases Risk Factors" from 2011 to 2018. Data associated with age, gender, blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, blood glucose, cholesterol, smoking habits, family history of cardiovascular disease, and physical activity were obtained. Cardiovascular events in six years were observed include coronary heart disease, stroke, or all-cause cardiovascular mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine independent predictors of cardiovascular events. Model discrimination was evaluated by the ROC curve, while the Hosmer-Lemeshow test evaluated the calibration.

Results: A total of 1085 subjects included in this study, with 73.5% are female. The incidence of cardiovascular events in six years is 9.7%. Predictors of cardiovascular events in dysglycemia are age 45-65 (HR=2.737;95% CI 1.565-4.787) and hypertension (HR=2.580;95% CI 1.619-4.112). The predictor model's total score is two, with a six-year probability of cardiovascular events being 17.2%. The ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC value for the predictor model was 0.689 with p < 0.001 (95% CI 0.641-0.737).

Conclusion: Age 45-65 and hypertension were predictors of cardiovascular events in six years in dysglycemia patients. The scoring system has adequate performance, with a total score of two and the probability of cardiovascular events in six years 17.2%."