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"[Torus Palatinus merupakan eksostosis tulang pada os palatinus yang dapatdigunakan untuk keperluan identifikasi forensik khususnya untuk perkiraan ras.Pengukuran Torus Palatinus dapat dilakukan dengan metode inspeksi maupunpalpasi. Kenyataannya hasil kedua pengukuran tersebut tidak konsisten sehinggadalam penelitian ini akan diuji prevalens pada kedua metode tersebut. Penelitiandilakukan pada 127 mahasiswa baru Universitas Indonesia tahun ajaran2014/2015 di Pusat Kesehatan Mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia pada Agustus2014. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan desain cross-sectional.Data primer didapatkan dari pengisian kuesioner dan pemeriksaan langsungkeberadaan Torus Palatinus dalam rongga mulut dengan metode inspeksi maupunmetode palpasi. Pada penelitian ini diperiksa 127 orang yang terdiri atas 69 oranglaki - laki dan 58 orang perempuan. Dengan metode palpasi didapatkan temuanTorus Palatinus sebesar 92,13% sedangkan dengan metode inspeksi didapatkantemuan 77,17% (p < 0,001). Pemeriksaan Torus Palatinus sebaiknya dilakukandengan metode palpasi karena dapat menghilangkan pengaruh faktor ketebalanmukosa yang dapat menyebabkan hasil false negative.;Torus Palatinus is bone exostosis on os palatinus that can be used to determinerace in forensic identification. The assesment can be done by direct inspection andpalpation. The result of both assessment methods do not have consistent results,the purpose of this study is to find better prevalens of Torus Palatinus. This studywas done in 127 freshmen of Universitas Indonesia batch 2014 in Pusat KesehatanMahasiswa Universitas Indonesia on August 2014. The study design is crosssectional.The data was taken from questionnaire and direct inspection and directpalpation. There were 127 subjects, 69 subjects were male and 58 subjects werefemale. Palpation method shows 92.13% finding of Torus Palatinus andinspection method shows 77.17% finding of Torus Palatinus (p < 0.001).Palpation method shows better results. Palpation methods is more eligible toidentify Torus Palatinus and this method can reduce false negative of mucous, Torus Palatinus is bone exostosis on os palatinus that can be used to determinerace in forensic identification. The assesment can be done by direct inspection andpalpation. The result of both assessment methods do not have consistent results,the purpose of this study is to find better prevalens of Torus Palatinus. This studywas done in 127 freshmen of Universitas Indonesia batch 2014 in Pusat KesehatanMahasiswa Universitas Indonesia on August 2014. The study design is crosssectional.The data was taken from questionnaire and direct inspection and directpalpation. There were 127 subjects, 69 subjects were male and 58 subjects werefemale. Palpation method shows 92.13% finding of Torus Palatinus andinspection method shows 77.17% finding of Torus Palatinus (p < 0.001).Palpation method shows better results. Palpation methods is more eligible toidentify Torus Palatinus and this method can reduce false negative of mucous]"

"[ABSTRACTTorus palatinus dan torus mandibularis merupakan eksositosis yang umum ditemukan pada ras Mongoloid, ras dominan di suku Indonesia barat, yang dapat dijadikan bahan identifikasi forensik. Pada beberapa studi, torus palatinus dan torus mandibularis memiliki hubungan bermakna, dimana hubungan ini dapat menjadi data tambahan untuk identifikasi forensik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai prevalensi torus palatinus dan torus mandibularis serta hubungan keduanya pada populasi Indonesia bagian barat. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 274 Mahasiswa Baru Universitas Indonesia tahun ajaran 2014. Hasil penelitian prevalensi torus palatinus 77,4%, prevalensi torus mandibuaris 13,9%, dan ditemukannya torus palatinus dan torus mandibularis secara bersamaan sebesar 12,4% . Pada penelitian ini torus palatinus dan torus mandibularis tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna.

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ABSTRACTTorus palatinus and torus mandibularis are common exocytosis found in Mongoloid race, the dominant inhibitant in west Indonesian tribes, that can be used as forensic identification subject. In numerous study, torus palatinus andtorus mandibularis were found as significantly correlated, where as the correlation can be used as another forensic subject.. This study aim to investigate prevalence of torus palatinus, prevalence of torus mandibularis, and correlation between prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in west Indonesian population. Sample of the study is 274 student of batch 2014 Univesitas Indonesia students. Result of the study found that prevalence of torus palatinus 77.4%, prevalence of torus mandibularis 13.9%, and prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis found simultanously is 12.4%. In this study torus palatinus and torus mandibularis shows unsignificant correlation;Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis are common exocytosis found inMongoloid race, the dominant inhibitant in west Indonesian tribes, that can beused as forensic identification subject. In numerous study, torus palatinus andtorus mandibularis were found as significantly correlated, where as the correlationcan be used as another forensic subject.. This study aim to investigate prevalenceof torus palatinus, prevalence of torus mandibularis, and correlation betweenprevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in west Indonesianpopulation. Sample of the study is 274 student of batch 2014 UnivesitasIndonesia students. Result of the study found that prevalence of torus palatinus77.4%, prevalence of torus mandibularis 13.9%, and prevalence of torus palatinusand torus mandibularis found simultanously is 12.4%. In this study torus palatinusand torus mandibularis shows unsignificant correlation;Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis are common exocytosis found inMongoloid race, the dominant inhibitant in west Indonesian tribes, that can beused as forensic identification subject. In numerous study, torus palatinus andtorus mandibularis were found as significantly correlated, where as the correlationcan be used as another forensic subject.. This study aim to investigate prevalenceof torus palatinus, prevalence of torus mandibularis, and correlation betweenprevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in west Indonesianpopulation. Sample of the study is 274 student of batch 2014 UnivesitasIndonesia students. Result of the study found that prevalence of torus palatinus77.4%, prevalence of torus mandibularis 13.9%, and prevalence of torus palatinusand torus mandibularis found simultanously is 12.4%. In this study torus palatinusand torus mandibularis shows unsignificant correlation, Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis are common exocytosis found inMongoloid race, the dominant inhibitant in west Indonesian tribes, that can beused as forensic identification subject. In numerous study, torus palatinus andtorus mandibularis were found as significantly correlated, where as the correlationcan be used as another forensic subject.. This study aim to investigate prevalenceof torus palatinus, prevalence of torus mandibularis, and correlation betweenprevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in west Indonesianpopulation. Sample of the study is 274 student of batch 2014 UnivesitasIndonesia students. Result of the study found that prevalence of torus palatinus77.4%, prevalence of torus mandibularis 13.9%, and prevalence of torus palatinusand torus mandibularis found simultanously is 12.4%. In this study torus palatinusand torus mandibularis shows unsignificant correlation]"

"[Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan distribusi karakteristik torus palatinus pada laki-laki dan perempuan pada populasi Indonesia Barat. Penelitian dilakukan pada 274 orang mahasiswa baru Universitas Indonesia tahun 2014. Presentasi torus palatinus dilihat melalui inspeksi dan palpasi. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan prevalensi torus palatinus sebanyak 77,4% dengan prevalensi lebih tinggi pada perempuan (86,9% vs. 69,7%, P = 0,001). Pada laki-laki, torus palatinus berukuran kecil (<3 mm) ditemukan paling banyak (67,9%), sementara pada perempuan, torus palatinus berukuran sedang (3-6 mm) mendominasi (50,9%) dengan nilai P <0,001. Berdasarkan jumlahnya, torus palatinus paling banyak ditemukan berjumlah satu buah pada laki-laki dan perempuan dengan persentase yang sedikit berbeda (92,5% dan 88,7% secara berurutan, P = 0,002). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan prevalensi dan distribusi karakteristik torus palatinus pada laki-laki dan perempuan pada populasi Indonesia Barat.;The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics distribution of torus palatinus in males and females among Western Indonesian population. This study was conducted in 274 new students of Universitas Indonesia batch 2014. The presence of torus palatinus was observed through inspection and palpation. The results showed the prevalence of torus palatinus in this sample was 77.4% and it was significantly higher in females than in males (86.9% vs. 69.7%, P = 0.001). According to its size, with the P value of <0.001, the small torus palatinus (<3 mm) dominated its prevalence in males (67.9%), while in females the medium size torus palatinus has the highest occurence among all (50.9%). Most of torus palatinus were found as a single tori in both males and females with slightly different percentage (92.5% and 88.7% respectively, P = 0.002). This study showed significant difference of prevalence and characteristics distribution of torus palatinus in males and females among Western Indonesian population., The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics distribution of torus palatinus in males and females among Western Indonesian population. This study was conducted in 274 new students of Universitas Indonesia batch 2014. The presence of torus palatinus was observed through inspection and palpation. The results showed the prevalence of torus palatinus in this sample was 77.4% and it was significantly higher in females than in males (86.9% vs. 69.7%, P = 0.001). According to its size, with the P value of <0.001, the small torus palatinus (<3 mm) dominated its prevalence in males (67.9%), while in females the medium size torus palatinus has the highest occurence among all (50.9%). Most of torus palatinus were found as a single tori in both males and females with slightly different percentage (92.5% and 88.7% respectively, P = 0.002). This study showed significant difference of prevalence and characteristics distribution of torus palatinus in males and females among Western Indonesian population.]"

"Latar belakang: Ras merupakan salah satu parameter determinasi yang berperan dalam bidang odontologi forensik terutama pada kasus orang hilang, perdagangan manusia, fosil atau kranium yang tidak diketahui identitasnya serta bencana. Ras dapat diidentifikasi dengan metode analisis metrik dan analisis non-metrik melalui torus palatinus. Sedikit studi yang meneliti torus palatinus sebagai parameter dalam menentukan ras Indonesia.Tujuan: Penelitian ini akan menganalisis mengenai peran torus palatinus sebagai parameter determinasi ras pada populasi Indonesia. Metode: Sampel terdiri dari kelompok ras Protomelayu, Deutromelayu, Dayakid dan Melanesoid yang masing-masing berjumlah 30 sampel berasal dari Laboratorium Odontologi Forensik dan Laboratorium Ortodonti FKG UI dengan data lengkap. Sampel dilakukan pengukuran untuk menentukan prominensi, bentuk, posisi, ukuran, jenis kelamin, usia dan ras yang sesuai. Hasil penelitian akan diuji secara univariat dan multivariat menggunakan SPSS 26.0. Hasil: 63,3% sampel memiliki torus, 46,1% torus berbentuk flat, 60,5% torus berada di daerah molar, 78,9% torus berukuran kecil, 72,3% pemilik torus berusia dewasa muda dan ras Protomelayu serta Deutromelayu memiliki torus lebih banyak dibanding kelompok ras lain. Kesimpulan: prominensi, bentuk, posisi dan jenis kelamin dapat menjadi parameter untuk menentukan ras pada kelompok ras Protomelayu, Deutromelayu, Dayakid dan Melanesoid dengan tingkat akurasi 61,8%

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Background: Race is one of the determining parameters that contribute to the practice of forensic odontology, especially in cases of missing persons, human trafficking, unidentified fossils or craniums, and disasters. Race can be identified by metric analysis and non-metric analysis methods through the torus palatinus. Few studies have examined the torus palatinus as a parameter in determining Indonesian race.

Aims: This study will analyze the use of the torus palatinus as a parameter for determining race in the Indonesian population.

Methods: The samples consisted of Protomelayu, Deutromelayu, Dayakid and Melanesoid racial groups, totaling 30 samples each from FKG UI with complete data. Samples were measured to determine prominence, shape, position, size, gender, age and race. The results will be tested with univariat and multivariat analytic using SPSS 26.0.

Results: 63.3% of the group sample had torus, 46.1% torus was flat, 60.5% torus was located in the molar region, 78.9% torus was small in size, 72.3% torus owners were young adults and Protomelayu and Deutromelayu races had more torus than other racial groups.

Conclusion: prominence, shape, position and gender can be a parameter to determine race in the Protomelayu, Deutromelayu, Dayakid and Melanesoid racial groups with an accuracy rate of 61.8%."

"[Torus palatinus merupakan tonjolan tulang pada langit-langit mulut yangbersifat variatif pada manusia. Perbedaan ras diduga merupakan salah satu halyang memengaruhi keberadaan torus palatinus. Studi ini dilakukan untukmengetahui prevalensi dan karakteristik torus palatinus pada suku-suku denganras mongoloid di Indonesia khususnya yang berasal dari pulau Jawa dan luarpulau Jawa, Indonesia pada tahun 2014.Studi ini bersifat deskriptif analitik berdesain potong lintang denganjumlah sampel sebanyak 274 orang yang terdiri dari 152 laki-laki dan 122perempuan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metodeconsecutive sampling melalui pengisian kuesioner dan pemeriksaan toruspalatinus menggunakan kaca mulut.Hasil penelitian didapatkan prevalensi torus palatinus pada 212 sampel(77,4%) dengan karakteristik yang paling dominan adalah yang berukuran kecil(<3mm) sejumlah 107 orang (50,5%) dan tunggal sejumlah 192 orang (90,6%).Torus palatinus lebih dominan pada kelompok suku yang berasal dari pulau Jawadan Sumatera dengan rasio kelompok suku Jawa, Sumatera, dan campuran, yaitu1,2:1,2:1.Karakteristik torus palatinus yang paling dominan pada ketiga kelompoksuku adalah kecil (<3mm) dan tunggal.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak didapatkanperbedaan karakteristik torus palatinus yang bermakna antara suku-suku denganras mongoloid dari pulau Jawa dan luar pulau Jawa, Indonesia;Torus palatinus is a bone exostosis in the hard palate of mouth that isvariative in the human. Race differencies is suspected as one of things thatinfluenced the growth of torus palatinus. The aim of this study was to determinethe prevalence and characteristics of torus palatinus in mongoloid race tribes inIndonesia, especially the tribes that originate from Java island and outside JavaIsland 2014.This descriptive analytic cross-sectional study was using 274 samples,consisted of 152 males and 122 females. Data was collected by using consecutivesampling method through questionaire?s filling and checking torus palatinus withoral mirror tools.The result showed that the prevalence of torus palatinus were found in 212sample (77.4%) with the most dominant characteristics were found in small size(<3mm) in 107 people (50.5%) and single in 192 people (90.6%). Torus palatinusis more dominant in group of Java and Sumatera tribe within ratio between Java,Sumatera, and mix group is 1.2:1.2:1. The dominant characteristics between thisthree group of tribes are small (<3mm) and single.Based on the result of this study, there?s no significant difference ofcharacteristics of torus palatinus between mongoloid race tribes from Java Islandand outside Java Island., Torus palatinus is a bone exostosis in the hard palate of mouth that isvariative in the human. Race differencies is suspected as one of things thatinfluenced the growth of torus palatinus. The aim of this study was to determinethe prevalence and characteristics of torus palatinus in mongoloid race tribes inIndonesia, especially the tribes that originate from Java island and outside JavaIsland 2014.This descriptive analytic cross-sectional study was using 274 samples,consisted of 152 males and 122 females. Data was collected by using consecutivesampling method through questionaire’s filling and checking torus palatinus withoral mirror tools.The result showed that the prevalence of torus palatinus were found in 212sample (77.4%) with the most dominant characteristics were found in small size(<3mm) in 107 people (50.5%) and single in 192 people (90.6%). Torus palatinusis more dominant in group of Java and Sumatera tribe within ratio between Java,Sumatera, and mix group is 1.2:1.2:1. The dominant characteristics between thisthree group of tribes are small (<3mm) and single.Based on the result of this study, there’s no significant difference ofcharacteristics of torus palatinus between mongoloid race tribes from Java Islandand outside Java Island.]"

"Latar belakang: Seringnya ditemukan korban bencana yang kehilangan identitas membutuhkan metode identifikasi jenazah, salah satunya menggunakan gigi molar ketiga sebagai acuan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui rentang usia tahapan perkembangan gigi M3 pada pasien di RSKGM FKG UI.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan radiograf panoramik serta tabel perkembangan gigi Demirjian sebagai alat bantu analisa penelitian.Hasil: Didapatkan rata-rata populasi Indonesia mengalami kematangan perkembangan gigi di usia 22,5 ±3,0 tahun untuk pria dan usia 23-24 ±3,6 tahununtuk wanita. Terdapat dimorfisme seksual dalam kecepatan perkembangan M3 dipria dimana perkembangan pada pria mengalami akselerasi setelah usia 14 tahun.Perkembangan gigi di rahang bawah dapat diamati mengalami kematangan relatiflebih lambat dibandingkan rahang atas.

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Background: Disaster victims that often lost their identities requires corpse identification methods, one of which is using third molar as the refference.

Objective: This study aims to identify the age range of third molar development stages on patients at RSKGM FKG UI.

Method: This study is a descriptive study utilizing panoramic radiograph and the tooth development table by Demirjian as the study instrument.

Result: The result from analysis on this study showed the average population of Indonesia reached the dental maturity stage at 22,5 ±3,0 years old for males and 23-24 ±3,6 years old for female. There is also sexual dimorphism in third molar development rate where the development in males accelerated after around 14 years old. Tooth development on lower jaw is observably of lower rate compared with the upper jaw."

"Latar Belakang: Estimasi usia secara radiografis merupakan prosedur yang pentingdan bersifat noninvasif untuk mengidentifikasi individu pada bencana massal maupunkondisi yang membutuhkan pembuktian hukum. Metode atlas dan metode skoringadalah metode estimasi usia secara radiografis yang dapat digunakan pada rentang usia5-17 tahun. Atlas Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Gigi Populasi Indonesia merupakanmetode atlas yang baru dikembangkan di Indonesia. Sedangkan metode Nollamerupakan metode skoring yang umum digunakan secara global. Tujuan: Untukmengetahui perbandingan estimasi usia 5-17 tahun antara Atlas PertumbuhanPerkembangan Gigi Populasi Indonesia dan Metode Nolla pada radiograf panoramik.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional (potong lintang) yangdidahului uji reliabilitas oleh 2 orang. Penelitian ini membandingkan hasil estimasi usiaantara Atlas Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Populasi Indonesia dan metode Nollamenggunakan 97 sampel radiograf panoramik digital dari rekam medik pasien berusia5-17 tahun di Rumah Sakit Khusus Gigi dan Mulut FKG UI. Hasil: Hasil uji komparatifWilcoxon menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna secara statistik (nilai p = 0,192)antara usia kronologis dan estimasi usia menggunakan Atlas Pertumbuhan danPerkembangan Gigi Populasi Indonesia, sedangkan pada estimasi usia menggunakanmetode Nolla terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik (nilai p = 0,000). Secaraberurutan mean 95% CI usia kronologis 10,48 (9,78 - 11,19), estimasi usia menggunakanAtlas Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Gigi Populasi Indonesia 10,40 (9,70 - 11,10),dan estimasi usia menggunakan metode Nolla 9,64 (9,01 - 10,27). Selisih estimasi usiaAtlas Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Gigi Populasi Indonesia terhadap usiakronologis adalah 0,08 - 0,09 tahun lebih rendah. Sedangkan selisih metode Nollaterhadap usia kronologis 5-17 tahun adalah 0,77 - 0,92 tahun lebih rendah. Kesimpulan:Penggunaan Atlas Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Gigi Populasi Indonesia lebihdisarankan karena menggunakan tahapan yang lebih sederhana dan selisihnya terhadapusia kronologis lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan metode Nolla.

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Background: Age estimation using radiograph is an important and non-invasive way to

identify a person in mass disasters or legal procedures. The radiographic methods that

can be used at age 5-17 years are atlas method and scoring method. The Atlas of Dental

Development in the Indonesian Population is a newly developed atlas method in

Indonesia. While the Nolla method is a globally used scoring method. Objective: To

compare the estimated age of 5-17 years between the Atlas of Dental Development in

the Indonesian Population and Nolla Method on panoramic radiographs. Methods: This

study is a cross-sectional study that is preceded by reliability test between two

observers. It compares estimated age between the Atlas of Dental Development in the

Indonesian Population and Nolla method using 97 samples of digital panoramic

radiographs from medical records of patients aged 5-17 years at Rumah Sakit Gigi dan

Mulut FKG UI. Results: Wilcoxon comparative test showed no statistically significant

difference (p-value = 0.192) between chronological age and estimated age using the

Atlas of Dental Development in the Indonesian Population, while in Nolla method there

is a statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.000). Mean 95% CI in chronological

age, estimated age of Atlas of Dental Development in the Indonesian Population, and

estimated age of Nolla method are [9,78 - 11,19], [9,70 - 11,10], and [9,01 - 10,27]

respectively. The difference between the estimated age of the Atlas of Dental

Development in the Indonesian Population and chronological age is 0.08 - 0.09 years

lower. Meanwhile, the difference between the Nolla method and the chronological age

is 0.77 - 0.92 years lower. Conclusion: The use of the Atlas of Dental Development in

the Indonesian Population is recommended because it allows more accurate age

estimates than Nolla's method"

"Latar Belakang. Proses aterosklerosis menjadi penyebab kematian dan morbiditas utama dan berkaitan dengan penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) yang merupakan implikasi klinis proses aterosklerosis. Hipertensi dan dislipidemia menjadi salah satu faktor risiko proses aterosklerosis. Pemeriksaan ketebalan intima-media karotis (KIMK) dapat menjadi prediktor gangguan kardiovaskuler di kemudian hari. Studi Framingham merupakan penelitian yang memprediksi PJK dengan menggunakan kategori faktor risiko dan telah digunakan secara luas pada populasi yang berbeda. Populasi yang berbeda belum tentu memberikan perbedaan hasil analisis terhadap faktor risiko aterosklerosis.Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat hubungan rasio LDL-HDL dengan plak karotis pada populasi hipertensi di Mlati, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.Metode. Ini adalah penelitian potong lintang. Data dianalisis menggunakan regresi logistik dengan melihat besar dari nilai rasio odds (odds ratio, OR) 95% interval kepercayaan (confidence interval, CI), dan nilai p.Hasil. Subyek penelitian sebanyak 115 orang terdiri atas 56 (48,7%) laki-laki dan 59 (51,3%) perempuan dengan rerata usia 47,61±7,92 tahun. Jenis kelamin laki-laki yang memiliki KIMK ≥ 1,5 mm lebih banyak dengan proporsi 0,72±0,46 (95% CI 0,57-0,87 ; p=0,0003). Kemungkinan kejadian plak meningkat pada quartile rasio LDL-HDL kolesterol yang lebih besar. Analisis quartile >75% terhadap kejadian plak dibandingkan quartile lebih rendah memberikan OR 4,15 (95% CI 1,74-9,89; p=0,001) dan setelah disesuaikan tetap menunjukkan kemungkinan kejadian plak lebih besar (OR 3,95; 95% CI 1,39-11,22; p=0,01). Didapatkan area under curve 0,8262.

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Background. Atherosclerosis had become main problem in mortality and morbidity and related with coronary heart disease as a clinical implication of atherosclerosis process. Hypertension and dyslipidemia had become risk factors for atherosclerosis process. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measurement could be a predictor for future cardiovascular disease. Framingham study was an experiment that predicted coronary heart disease using risk factor categories and had been used widely in many regions in the world with various population. A different population might not always give different result related with atherosclerosis process.

Aim of study. To see the relaionship of LDL-HDL ratio with carotid plaque among hypertensive population in Mlati, Sleman, DIY.

Method. This is a cross-sectional syudy. Data were analyzed with logistic regression by seeing odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and p value.

Result. There were 115 subjects in this experiment with 56 (48,7%) male and 50 (51,3%) female with age rate was 47,61±7,92 years old. Male subjects with CIMT value ≥1,5 mm were higher than female with proportion of 0,72±0,46 (95% CI 0,57- 0,87; p=0,0003). The possibility of plaque increased in subjects with higher LDL- HDL ratio. Analyzis of >75% quartile compared with lower quartile gave OR 4,15 (95% CI 1,74-9,89; p=0,001) and after being adjusted still gave higher possibility of plaque (OR 3,95; 95% CI 1,39-11,22; p=0,01). Area under curve was 0,8262."

"Latar belakang: Karsinoma sel hati (KSH) merupakan salah satu kanker dan penyebab kematian akibat kanker tersering. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abdomen multifase adalah modalitas pilihan untuk diagnosis KSH, karena dapat menggambarkan perubahan patofisiologi selama hepatokarsinogenesis melalui sekuens dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE), T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) dengan chemical shift imaging, T2- weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), peta apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), serta fase hepatobilier. Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) sebagai penanda serologis KSH terkait surveilans, diagnostik, dan prognostik, juga berperan dalam hepatokarsinogenesis dengan menunjukkan perbedaan agresivitas tumor. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara temuan morfologi dan karakteristik KSH pada MRI dengan kadar serum AFP.Metode: Studi retrospektif ini dilakukan pada pasien KSH yang menjalani MRI abdomen multifase kontras spesifik hepatobilier dan kadar serum AFP di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, serta belum menjalani prosedur pengobatan apapun. Dilakukan analisis menggunakan uji Chi Square atau uji Mutlak Fisher antara temuan morfologis dan karakteristik KSH pada MRI, serta menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney antara nilai rerata apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) dengan kadar serum AFP.Hasil: Diperoleh 82 subyek dengan usia rerata subyek 58 tahun, diameter tumor >5cm (58,5%) dan tumor multipel (59,8%) paling banyak ditemukan, serta memiliki perbedaan proporsi yang bermakna dengan kadar serum AFP (nilai p = 0,030 dan p = 0,000). Vaskularisasi tumor, kapsul tumor, lemak intratumoral, tumor hiperintens T2, restriksi difusi, dan tumor hipointens fase hepatobilier lebih banyak ditemukan pada kadar serum AFP ≥ 100ng/mL, namun tidak ditemukan perbedaan proporsi bermakna. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna nilai rerata ADC antara 39 subyek dengan kadar serum AFP < 100ng/mL dan 43 subyek dengan AFP ³ 100ng/mL. Median nilai rerata ADC 1,19 (0,71 – 2,20) pada subyek dengan kadar serum AFP < 100ng/mL, median 0,97 (0,72 – 1,77) pada subyek dengan AFP ≥ 100ng/mL, dan nilai p = 0,003.Simpulan: Proporsi tumor berdiameter > 5cm dan tumor multipel pada subyek dengan AFP ≥ 100ng/mL secara bermakna lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada subyek dengan AFP < 100ng/mL. Nilai rerata ADC pada subyek dengan AFP ≥ 100ng/mL secara bermakna lebih rendah dibandingkan AFP < 100ng/mL. Sehingga nilai rerata ADC dapat membantu memprediksi kadar serum AFP pada pasien KSH.

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Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers and cancer-related death. Multiphase contrast-enhanced abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for the diagnosis of KSH, as it can depict pathophysiologic changes during hepatocarcinogenesis through sequences: dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE), T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) with chemical shift imaging, T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, and hepatobiliary phase. Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) as a serological marker of HCC related to surveillance, diagnostics, and prognostics, also plays a role in hepatocarcinogenesis by showing differences in tumor aggressiveness. This study aims to analyze the relationship between morphological findings and characteristics of HCC on MRI with serum AFP levels.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on HCC patients who underwent hepatobiliary-specific contrast-enhanced multiphase abdominal MRI and serum AFP levels at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, had not undergone any treatment procedures. Chi Square or Fisher's exact test between morphological findings and characteristics of HCC on MRI, and Mann-Whitney test between mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and serum AFP levels were analyzed.

Results: There were 82 subjects with a mean age of 58 years, tumor size >5cm (58.5%) and multiple tumors (59.8%) were more common, had a significant difference in proportion with AFP serum levels (p value = 0.030 and p = 0.000). Tumor vascularization, tumor capsule, intratumoral fat, T2 hyperintense tumor, diffusion restriction, and hepatobiliary phase hypointense tumor were more common in serum AFP level ≥ 100ng/mL, but there was no significant difference in proportion. There was a significant difference in mean ADC between 39 subjects with serum AFP level < 100ng/mL and 43 subjects with AFP 100ng/mL. The median ADC score was 1.19 (0.71 – 2.20) in subjects with serum AFP level < 100ng/mL, median 0.97 (0.72 – 1.77) in subjects with AFP ≥ 100ng/mL, and p value is 0.003.

Conclusion: The proportion of tumors > 5cm in diameter and multiple tumors in subjects with AFP ≥ 100ng/mL was significantly higher than that in subjects with AFP < 100ng/mL. The mean value of ADC in subjects with AFP ≥ 100ng/mL was significantly lower than AFP < 100ng/mL. So that the mean value of ADC can help predict serum AFP levels in patients with HCC."

"Wilayah Cianjur Utara terletak di pegunungan yang sumberdayanya melimpah, namunpertumbuhan penduduknya terjadi dengan cepat, sehingga akan terjadi penurunan dayadukung lingkungan karena tuntutan penduduk akan lahan terbangun. Prediksi terhadapdaya dukung lingkungan penting untuk dilakukan. Data kependudukan 2006 ndash; 2016dan citra Landsat 7 ETM 2006, 2011, dan 2016 digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Dayadukung diamati melalui model sistem dinamis hubungan antara pertumbuhanpenduduk dan ketersediaan lahan dalam kurun waktu tahun 2006 - 2100, kemudiandijadikan model dinamika spasial. Hasil prediksi model menunjukkan lahan terbangundari tahun 2026 ndash; 2060 berkembang pada wilayah yang sesuai hingga kurang sesuaiuntuk lahan terbangun.

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North Cianjur region lies in the mountains with abundant resources, but the populationgrowth quickly, there will be carrying capacity decline because of population demandsfor built up land. Prediction of environmental carrying capacity is important to do, itwas observed through system and spatial dynamics model of relationship betweenpopulation growth and land availability in 2006 2100 period. Population data 2006 2016 and Landsat 7 ETM 2006, 2011 and 2016 images were used in this study. Modelprediction results shows that the built up land from 2026 ndash 2060 developing in asuitable until less suitable area for constructed land."