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"Latar Belakang: Prevalensi denture stomatitis pada pengguna gigi tiruan dengan basis cukup tinggi. Tujuan: Mengamati pengaruh kekasaran bahan basis gigi tiruan terhadap jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans. Metode: Kekasaran spesimen diukur menggunakan surface roughness tester. Spesimen dicelupkan ke dalam eppendorf tube modifikasi berisi Streptococcus mutans dengan durasi inkubasi 12 jam dan 24 jam. Data dianalisis dengan Korelasi Bivariat (Pearson). Hasil: Terdapat hubungan kuat positif antara pemolesan bahan basis gigi tiruan dengan jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans. Kesimpulan: Penurunan nilai kekasaran permukaan setelah dilakukan pemolesan pada bahan basis gigi tiruan metal, resin akrilik, dan valplast, akan diikuti dengan penurunan jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans.

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Introduction: The prevalence of denture stomatitis is high in denture wearers.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to observe the effect of surface roughness of denture base materials to the amount of Streptococcus mutans.

Methods: Surface roughness was measured by using surface roughness tester. Specimens were dipped into the eppendorf tube containing Streptococcus mutans and incubated for 12 and 24 hours. Statistical analysis was conducted by Bivariate Correlation (Pearson).

Results: There is a strong positive correlation between polishing denture base material with the amount of Streptococcus mutans.

Conclusion: The decrease in the value of surface roughness after polishing the denture base metal, acrylic resin, and valplast is followed by the decrease in amount of Streptococcus mutans."

"Latar Belakang: Tingginya angka prevalensi denture stomatitis yang terjadi akibat pemakaian gigi tiruan serta pengaruh kestabilan oral candida. Tujuan: Mengamati pengaruh kekasaran bahan basis gigi tiruan terhadap koloni Candida albicans. Metode: mengukur uji kekasaran dengan Roughness tester serta spesimen dicelupkan kedalam eppendorf tube modifikasi yang berisi suspensi Candida albicans diinkubasi dalam waktu 24 dan 72 jam. Data analisis dengan Korelasi Bivariat (Pearson). Hasil: Penurunan jumlah kolonisasi Candida albicans terhadap kekasaran permukaan basis gigi tiruan dipoles dengan tidak dipoles. Terdapat perbedaan jumlah kolonisasi Candida albicans diikuti dengan lama waktu inkubasi. Kesimpulan: Penurunan nilai CFU Candida albicans dipengaruhi oleh penurunan nilai kekasaran permukaan setelah dilakukan pemolesan pada bahan basis gigi tiruan metal, resin akrilik, dan valplast.

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Background: The high prevalence of denture stomatitis caused by the using of denture and predispose the stability of oral candida.

Objective: The objective of this study is observing the effect of surface roughness of denture base material with the amount of Candida albicans.

Method: measuring surface roughness by using roughness tester and the specimen was immersed int ependorf tube modification with a suspension Candida albicans and incubated for 24 and 72 hour. Data analyzed by Bivariate Correlation (Pearson).

Results: Decrease the amount of Candida albicans colonization of the surface roughness of denture based on polished and not polished. There are differences in the number of Candida albicanos colonization followed by a long incubation time.

Conclusion: The decrease in amount of Candida albicans was affected by the decreasing in the value of the surface roughness after polishing the denture base material metal, acrylic resin, and valplast."

"Temulawak diharapkan mampu mencegah pembentukkan biofilm S.mutans dan A.actinomycetemcomitans penyebab karies dan penyakit periodontal. Tujuan: menganalisis perbandingan massa single dan dual species biofilm S.mutans dan A.actinomycetemcomitans setelah pemaparan ekstrak etanol temulawak. Metode: Suspensi bakteri S.mutans dan A.actinomycetemcomitans dalam media BHI yang diperkaya sukrosa 0,2% dipaparkan ekstrak etanol temulawak, diinkubasi selama 18 jam dan dianalisis menggunakan uji crystal violet. Hasil: Ekstrak tersebut mampu mencegah pembentukkan massa biofilm single species S.mutans dan dual species S.mutans dan A.actinomycetemcomitans, jika dibandingkan dengan single species biofilm A.actinomycetemcomitans. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol temulawak lebih efektif mencegah pembentukkan massa biofilm single species S.mutans dan dual species S.mutans dan A.actinomycetemcomitans.

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Curcuma xanthorrhiza is expected to prevent biofilm formation of S.mutans and A.actinomycetemcomitans that cause caries and periodontal disease.

Aim: to analyze the mass ratio of single and dual-species S.mutans and A.actinomycetemcomitans biofilm after being exposured to Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanol extract (Xan).

Methods: Bacteria suspension in BHI medium enriched with 0,2% of succrose was exposed to the Xan, incubated for 18 hours and analyzed using Crystal Violet assay.

Result: The Xan is able to prevent biofilm formation of single-species S.mutans and dual-species S.mutans and A.actinomycetemcomitans, compared to single-species A.actinomycetemcomitans.

Conclusion: Xan is more effective preventing biofilm formation of single-species S.mutans and dual-species S.mutans and A.actinomycetemcomitans."

"Temulawak memiliki efek antibakteri. S. mutans dan A. actinomycetemcomitans merupakan bakteri penyebab karies dan penyakit periodontal. Tujuan: Membandingkan efek ekstrak etanol temulawak terhadap viabilitas biofilm S. mutans dan A actinomycetemcomitans single dan dual species dalam berbagai fase pembentukan. Metode: Model biofilm diinkubasi selama 4 jam, 12 jam, dan 24 jam, kemudian dipapar ekstrak etanol temulawak 0,5%-25%. Hasil: Viabilitas biofilm single species S. mutans lebih rendah (p<0,05) dibanding kelompok biofilm lain. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05) antara viabilitas biofilm single species A. actinomycetemcomitans dan biofilm dual species. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol temulawak lebih efektif menurunkan viabilitas biofilm single species S. mutans.

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Curcuma xanthorrhiza has antibacterial property. S. mutans and A. actinomycetemcomitans cause caries and periodontal disease. Aim: Comparing Curcuma xanthrorrhiza ethanol extract?s to the viability of S. mutans and single and dual-species A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm in different formation phases. Methods: Biofilm models were incubated for 4, 12, and 24 hours, then exposed to 0.5%-25% Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract. Result: Single species S. mutans biofilm?s viability was significantly lower than other biofilm groups (p<0.05). Viability of single-species and dual-species A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanol extract is more effective in decreasing the single-species S. mutans biofilm?s viability."

"Latar belakang: ECC menjadi masalah serius di Indonesia dan Dunia. Terdapat 3komponen ECC, yaitu gigi, mikroba, serta lingkungan rongga mulut yang dalam hal iniyaitu protein saliva. Penyebab dari ECC sendiri yaitu bakteri Streptococcus mutans.Tidak hanya itu, Candida albicans sering dihubungkan dengan Streptococcus mutanspada plak ECC. Namun, adanya riset di mana Candida albicans cenderung mengurangisifat kariogenik Streptococcus mutans menarik untuk diteliti. Tujuan: menganalisisperan protein saliva ECC terhadap pertumbuhan biofilm Streptococcus mutans danStreptococcus mutans dan Candida albicans (atau dual-spesies) di rongga mulut.Metode: Setiap sampel dilakukan uji SDS-Page untuk melihat apakah terdapatperbedaan profil protein antar setiap sampel. Lalu, sampel dilakukan pengenceranmenjadi 3 konsentrasi, kemudian diinkubasi bersama dengan Streptococcus mutansserta dual-spesies di dalam 96-well plate selama 24 jam dan 48 jam secara anaerob.Lalu, masing-masing biofilm dilakukan uji Crystal Violet Staining (untuk mendapatkannilai Optical density) serta Total Plate Count. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan profilprotein antara saliva ECC dengan laju alir saliva <30 detik, 30-60 detik, 30-60 detikbebas ECC. Pada variabel konsentrasi protein, terdapat perbedaan dan kenaikan nilairerata pada nilai Optical density biofilm pada Streptococcus mutans dan dual-spesies.Tidak terdapat perbedaan secara statistik antara konsentrasi protein saliva denganviabilitas mikroba pada biofilm Streptococcus mutans dan dual-spesies meski nilairerata menunjukkan penurunan viabilitas mikroba. Pada biofilm Streptococcus mutansdan dual-spesies, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada hasil uji Optical density danviabilitas mikroba berdasarkan variabel waktu inkubasi biofilm. Meski nilai reratamenunjukkan adanya penurunan pada Optical density Streptococcus mutans, kenaikanpada viabilitas mikroba Streptococcus mutans, dan kenaikan pada Optical densitysekaligus viabilitas mikroba dual-spesies, namun tidak memengaruhi nilaikomparasinya. Kesimpulan: Protein saliva dapat memengaruhi pembentukan biofilmbaik Streptococcus mutans maupun kombinasi dual-spesies Streptococcus mutansdengan Candida albicans. Waktu inkubasi biofilm tidak dapat memengaruhipembentukan biofilm Streptococcus mutans maupun kombinasi dual-spesiesStreptococcus mutans dengan Candida albicans

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Background: ECC is a serious problem in Indonesia and the world. There are 3components of ECC, namely teeth, microbes, and the oral environment, in this casesalivary protein. The cause of ECC itself is Streptococcus mutans. Not only that,Candida albicans is often associated with Streptococcus mutans in ECC plaques.However, the research in which Candida albicans tends to reduce the cariogenicproperties of Streptococcus mutans is interesting. Purpose: to analyze the role of theECC salivary protein on the growth of Streptococcus mutans and combination ofStreptococcus mutans and Candida albicans (or dual-species) biofilms in the oral cavity.Methods: Each sample was subjected to an SDS-Page test to see if there weredifferences in protein profiles between each sample. Then, the sample was diluted into 3concentrations, then incubated together with Streptococcus mutans and dual-species in96-well plates for 24 hours and 48 hours anaerobically. Then, each biofilm wassubjected to a Crystal Violet Staining test (to obtain Optical density value) and TotalPlate Count. Results: There was no difference in protein profile between salivary ECCwith salivary flow rates <30 seconds, 30-60 seconds, ECC-free 30-60 seconds. In theprotein concentration variable, there were differences and an increase in trend lines inthe Optical density value of biofilms in Streptococcus mutans and dual-species. Therewas no statistical difference between salivary protein concentrations and microbialviability in Streptococcus mutans and dual-species biofilms, although the trend lineshowed a decrease in microbial viability. In Streptococcus mutans and dual-speciesbiofilms, there were no significant differences in the Optical density test results andmicrobial viability based on the biofilm incubation time variables. Although the trendline showed a decrease in Optical density Streptococcus mutans, an increase inmicrobial viability of Streptococcus mutans, and an increase in Optical density as wellas dual-species microbial viability, it did not affect the comparative value. Conclusion:Salivary protein can influence biofilm formation for both Streptococcus mutans and thedual-species combination of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Biofilmincubation time could not affect the biofilm formation of both Streptococcus mutansand the dual-species combination of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman denture adhesive cream terhadap kuat rekat resin akrilik polimerisasi panas. Krim pada plat akrilik direndam dalam akuades selama 15 detik, 30 detik, dan 60 detik, kemudian kuat rekat diukur dengan alat PASCO-Economy Force Sensor CI-6476. Uji analisis statistik menggunakan Anova one-way. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kuat rekat meningkat dengan p<0,05 pada perendaman selama 15 detik dan 30 detik, sedangkan kuat rekat menurun dengan p<0,05 pada perendaman selama 60 detik. Disimpulkan bahwa krim yang direndam dalam akuades lebih dari 30 detik tidak dapat meningkatkan kuat rekat resin akrilik polimerisasi panas.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of immersion time of denture adhesive cream in distilled water to the acrylic resin's adhesive strength. Cream on acrylic plate was immersed in distilled water for 15 seconds, 30 seconds, and 60 seconds. Adhesive strength was measured by PASCO-Economy Force Sensor CI-6476. Statistic analysis using one-way ANOVA showed that adhesive strength were significantly increased after immersion in 15 seconds and 30 seconds, and significantly decreased after immersion in 60 seconds. It was concluded that denture adhesive cream couldn't increase the acrylic resin's adhesive strength after immersed more than 30 seconds."

"Latar Belakang: Kebiasaan bernapas melalui mulut umum memengaruhi anak-anak dandapat mengakibatkan perubahan kondisi cairan dalam rongga mulut sehinggamemengaruhi kebersihan mulut dan memicu terjadinya bau mulut. Keadaan ini dapat pulamengakibatkan kondisi mikroorganisme seperti Streptococcus mutans serotype e danCandida albicans pada mulut mengalami perubahan. Tujuan: Menganalisis kadarStreptococcus mutans serotype e dan Candida albicans terhadap kondisi bau mulut danOHI-S pada sampel saliva dan usap lidah. Metode: Sampel saliva dan usap lidah darisubjek di uji dengan menggunakan ELISA-indirect dan dibaca nilai absorbansinyadengan ELISA reader pada panjang gelombang 450nm. Nilai absorbansi dijadikansebagai nilai kadar antigen mikroorganisme pada subjek dan dibandingkan terhadap hasilpemeriksaan organoleptik dan OHI-S. Hasil: Jumlah anak bernapas melalui mulutditemukan lebih sedikit pada SD Tugu Ibu 1, Depok. Kondisi bau mulut tidak berkaitandengan kebersihan mulut subjek. Kadar antigen Streptococcus mutans serotype e danCandida albicans yang terisolasi pada sampel saliva maupun usap lidah lebih banyakditemukan pada anak bau mulut. Kadar antigen Streptococcus mutans serotype e yangterisolasi pada sampel saliva dan usap lidah tidak memiliki tendensi pada salah satukategori OHI-S. Sedangkan kadar antigen Candida albicans memiliki tendensi lebihbanyak pada kategori OHI-S sedang pada kedua sampel dan subjek kecuali pada sampelusap lidah anak bernapas melalui hidung, lebih banyak ditemukan pada kategori baik.Kesimpulan: Kondisi bau mulut tidak berhubungan dengan status kebersihan mulut.Banyaknya kadar antigen Streptococcus mutans serotype e dan Candida albicans tidakberpengaruh dengan kondisi kebiasaan bernapas anak dan tidak dapat menentukan baumulut serta status kebersihan mulut pada subjek anak bernapas melalui hidung maupunmelalui mulut

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Background: Mouth breathing is common affects children and can cause changes in fluid

conditions in the oral cavity that affect oral hygiene and trigger bad breath. This situation

can change the condition of microorganisms such as Streptococcus mutans serotype e and

Candida albicans in the mouth. Objective: To analyze the level of Streptococcus mutans

serotype e and Candida albicans on the condition of bad breath and oral hygiene status

in bad breath and oral hygiene condition in subjects. Methods: Saliva and tongue swabs

samples were tested using indirect ELISA, and the absorbance values read with an ELISA

reader at a wavelength of 450nm. Absorbance value is used as the value of microorganism

antigen levels in the subject and compared to the results of organoleptic examination and

OHI-S. Result: The number of mouth breather children is fewer than normal in SD Tugu

Ibu 1, Depok. Bad breath is not related to the subject's oral hygiene. Antigen levels

of Streptococcus mutans serotype e and Candida albicans used in saliva samples or

tongue swabs are more common in children with bad breath. Antigen level of

Streptococcus mutans serotype e isolated in saliva samples and tongue swabs didnt have

a tendency to any of the OHI-S categories. While antigen levels of Candida albicans had

more tendency in the OHI-S category while in both the sample and the subject except for

the nose breather childs tongue swabbing samples, more were found in the good category.

Conclusion: The condition of bad breath is not related to oral hygiene status. The large

number of Streptococcus mutans serotype e and Candida albicans antigens does not

affect the childs breathing habits and cannot determine bad breath and oral hygiene status

in nose breathing and mouth breathing children"

"[Streptococcus pneumoniae merupakan bakteri utama penyebab pneumonia pada anak dan kelompok usia lanjut. Sputum merupakan spesimen paling banyak diteliti untuk diagnosis pneumonia. Uji Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) untuk deteksi Streptococcus pneumoniae dapat menggunakan gen pneumococcal surface adhesin A (psaA) dengan primernya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kemampuan primer P1 gen psaA dalam mendeteksi Streptococcus pneumoniae pada isolat dari biakan sputum. Dilakukan uji PCR terhadap 32 isolat dengan morfologi khas Streptococcus pneumoniae. Empat belas dari 32 isolat adalah Streptococcus pneumoniae. Hasil yang didapatkan sama dengan hasil metoda biakan. Kemampuan deteksi primer untuk gen psaA adalah baik dengan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas 100%., Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of pneumonia in children and the elderly. Sputum is the most frequently studied specimen for the diagnosis of pneumonia. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conducted to diagnose Streptococcus pneumoniae can use pneumococcal surface adhesin A (psaA) gene with its primer. This study aimed to evaluate the P1 primer for psaA gene ability in detecting Streptococcus pneumoniae from sputum isolates. PCR was conducted on 32 Streptococcus pneumoniae look-alike isolates. Fourteen isolates were identified as Streptococcus pneumoniae. The result was unanimous with the culture. The ability of primer for psaA was good with 100 % sensitivity and specificity.]"

"An experimental laboratory study has been conducted to investigate the effect of temporary zinc oxide eugenol cement on the transverse strength of self-cure acrylic resin. Two groups of resin plates 20x9x1 mm in dimensions were incorporated in the study. Each groups consisted of 31 specimens. On the first group was applied a 0.1 mm thickness of temporary zinc oxide eugenol cement on acrylic which is only partially polymerized. The time we establish here was 30 minutes, thus the zinc oxide eugenol cement was applied 30 minutes following the beginning of the mix. After being stored in a incubator with the temperature set at 37°C for 7 days in water, all the specimens were subjected to load by Shimadzu machine with cross head speed of 0.05 inch/min- Results were analyzed with T-test showing that the two groups differed significantly. It was observed that zinc oxide eugenol cement decreases the transverse strength of self-cure acrylic resin significantly By mathematical equation, 0-03 mm increase in thickness in the experimental group might produce the same strength as the control group."

"Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae atau pneumokokus) dapat menyebabkan Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD), seperti penumonia, meningitis, dan otitis media. Streptococcus pneumoniae memiliki lebih dari 90 serotipe yang berbeda sifat-sifat kepatogenannya. Saat ini, metode molekuler lebih banyak diterapkan dalam penentuan serotipe bakteri tersebut. Penelitian sebelumnya pada anak-anak sehat di Lombok, menemukan bahwa 73 dari 551 isolat merupakan untypeable S. pneumoniae karena tidak dapat ditentukan serotipenya berdasarkan metode PCR multipleks. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan identifikasi lebih mendalam dengan mendeteksi tiga gen yang lestari (conserved genes) pada bakteri S. pneumoniae yaitu, gen psaA, lytA, dan cpsA. Sebanyak 52 isolat (71.2%) terdeteksi dengan PCR mempunyai gen psaA. Sementara itu, gen lytA terdeteksi pada 69 isolat (90.4%) dan gen cpsA terdeteksi pada 37 isolat (50.7%). Berdasarkan hasil deteksi gen psaA, lytA, dan cpsA diperoleh 6 kelompok varian untypeable S. pneumoniae. Analisa sekuens gen recA dengan metode sekuensing, menunjukkan bahwa kelompok varian I (psaA+, lytA+, cpsA+), II (psaA+, lytA+, cpsA–) dan IV (psaA–, lytA+, cpsA+) merupakan bakteri S. pneumoniae. Sementara itu, kelompok varian VI (psaA–, lytA+, cpsA–) merupakan bakteri S. pseudopneumoniae dan kelompok varian VIII (psaA–, lytA–, cpsA–) merupakan bakteri S. infantis. Hasil tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa identifikasi bakteri S. pneumoniae tidak dapat dilakukan hanya dengan satu penanda gen. Hasil penelitian ini penting untuk meningkatkan sensitifitas dari deteksi S. pneumoniae dengan teknik biologi molekuler.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae or pneumococcus) can cause Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD), such as pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media. Streptococcus pneumoniae has more than 90 serotypes which differentiated based on the level of pathogenicity. Currently, molecular methods were more widely applied to determine bacterial serotype. Previous studies of healthy children in Lombok, found that 73 of 551 isolates were untypeable S. pneumoniae, because the serotypes can not be determined by multiplex PCR method. This research used a deeper identification by detecting three conserved genes in S. pneumoniae, such as psaA, lytA, and cpsA. A total of 52 isolates (71.2%) were positive for psaA gene by PCR. Meanwhile, lytA gene was detected in 69 isolates (90.4%) and cpsA gene was detected in 37 isolates (50.7%).

Based on the result of psaA, lytA and cpsA gene detection, obtained 6 variants of untypeable S. pneumoniae. recA gene sequence analysis with sequencing method, showed that variant I, II and IV are S. pneumoniae. Meanwhile, variant VI is S. pseudopneumoniae and variant VIII is S. infantis. The results indicated that identification of the bacteria S. pneumoniae can not be done with just one marker gene. The results are important to increase the detection of S. pneumoniae with molecular biology techniques."