Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Temulawak diharapkan mampu mencegah pembentukkan biofilm S.mutans dan A.actinomycetemcomitans penyebab karies dan penyakit periodontal. Tujuan: menganalisis perbandingan massa single dan dual species biofilm S.mutans dan A.actinomycetemcomitans setelah pemaparan ekstrak etanol temulawak. Metode: Suspensi bakteri S.mutans dan A.actinomycetemcomitans dalam media BHI yang diperkaya sukrosa 0,2% dipaparkan ekstrak etanol temulawak, diinkubasi selama 18 jam dan dianalisis menggunakan uji crystal violet. Hasil: Ekstrak tersebut mampu mencegah pembentukkan massa biofilm single species S.mutans dan dual species S.mutans dan A.actinomycetemcomitans, jika dibandingkan dengan single species biofilm A.actinomycetemcomitans. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol temulawak lebih efektif mencegah pembentukkan massa biofilm single species S.mutans dan dual species S.mutans dan A.actinomycetemcomitans.

---

Curcuma xanthorrhiza is expected to prevent biofilm formation of S.mutans and A.actinomycetemcomitans that cause caries and periodontal disease.

Aim: to analyze the mass ratio of single and dual-species S.mutans and A.actinomycetemcomitans biofilm after being exposured to Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanol extract (Xan).

Methods: Bacteria suspension in BHI medium enriched with 0,2% of succrose was exposed to the Xan, incubated for 18 hours and analyzed using Crystal Violet assay.

Result: The Xan is able to prevent biofilm formation of single-species S.mutans and dual-species S.mutans and A.actinomycetemcomitans, compared to single-species A.actinomycetemcomitans.

Conclusion: Xan is more effective preventing biofilm formation of single-species S.mutans and dual-species S.mutans and A.actinomycetemcomitans."

"Temulawak memiliki efek antibakteri. S. mutans dan A. actinomycetemcomitans merupakan bakteri penyebab karies dan penyakit periodontal. Tujuan: Membandingkan efek ekstrak etanol temulawak terhadap viabilitas biofilm S. mutans dan A actinomycetemcomitans single dan dual species dalam berbagai fase pembentukan. Metode: Model biofilm diinkubasi selama 4 jam, 12 jam, dan 24 jam, kemudian dipapar ekstrak etanol temulawak 0,5%-25%. Hasil: Viabilitas biofilm single species S. mutans lebih rendah (p<0,05) dibanding kelompok biofilm lain. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05) antara viabilitas biofilm single species A. actinomycetemcomitans dan biofilm dual species. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol temulawak lebih efektif menurunkan viabilitas biofilm single species S. mutans.

---

Curcuma xanthorrhiza has antibacterial property. S. mutans and A. actinomycetemcomitans cause caries and periodontal disease. Aim: Comparing Curcuma xanthrorrhiza ethanol extract?s to the viability of S. mutans and single and dual-species A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm in different formation phases. Methods: Biofilm models were incubated for 4, 12, and 24 hours, then exposed to 0.5%-25% Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract. Result: Single species S. mutans biofilm?s viability was significantly lower than other biofilm groups (p<0.05). Viability of single-species and dual-species A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanol extract is more effective in decreasing the single-species S. mutans biofilm?s viability."

"Latar Belakang: Prevalensi denture stomatitis pada pengguna gigi tiruan dengan basis cukup tinggi. Tujuan: Mengamati pengaruh kekasaran bahan basis gigi tiruan terhadap jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans. Metode: Kekasaran spesimen diukur menggunakan surface roughness tester. Spesimen dicelupkan ke dalam eppendorf tube modifikasi berisi Streptococcus mutans dengan durasi inkubasi 12 jam dan 24 jam. Data dianalisis dengan Korelasi Bivariat (Pearson). Hasil: Terdapat hubungan kuat positif antara pemolesan bahan basis gigi tiruan dengan jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans. Kesimpulan: Penurunan nilai kekasaran permukaan setelah dilakukan pemolesan pada bahan basis gigi tiruan metal, resin akrilik, dan valplast, akan diikuti dengan penurunan jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans.

---

Introduction: The prevalence of denture stomatitis is high in denture wearers.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to observe the effect of surface roughness of denture base materials to the amount of Streptococcus mutans.

Methods: Surface roughness was measured by using surface roughness tester. Specimens were dipped into the eppendorf tube containing Streptococcus mutans and incubated for 12 and 24 hours. Statistical analysis was conducted by Bivariate Correlation (Pearson).

Results: There is a strong positive correlation between polishing denture base material with the amount of Streptococcus mutans.

Conclusion: The decrease in the value of surface roughness after polishing the denture base metal, acrylic resin, and valplast is followed by the decrease in amount of Streptococcus mutans."

"Temulawak (Curuma xanthorrizaRoxb.) telah terbukti memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) dan Streptococcus sanguinis(S. sanguinis) single species. S. mutans dan S. sanguinissaling berkompetisi dalam biofilm. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh ekstrak etanol temulawak terhadap viabilitas dual speciesS. mutans dan S. sanguinis pada fase pembentukan biofilm yang berbeda. Metode: Model biofilm S. mutans dan S. sanguinis diinkubasi selama 20 jam (fase akumulasi aktif) dan 24 jam (fase maturasi) pada suhu 37oC. Kedua model biofilm dipaparkan ekstrak etanol temulawak dengan konsentrasi 0,2%-25%, klorheksidin 0,2% sebagai kontrol positif, dan kultur bakteri tanpa intervensi sebagai kontrol negatif. Viabilitas bakteri dianalisis menggunakan uji MTT. Hasil: Ekstrak etanol temulawak menurunkan viabilitas S. mutans dan S. sanguinis secara signifikan (p<0,05) mulai konsentrasi 0,2%. Viabilitas bakteri pada biofilm dual species Streptococccus fase akumulasi aktif lebih rendah dibandingkan fase maturasi. Efek antibakteri ekstrak etanol temulawak setara dengan klorheksidin 0,2%. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol temulawak dapat menurunkan viabilitas S. mutans dan S. sanguinis pada biofilm. Efek ekstrak etanol temulawak efektif pada fase akumulasi aktif.

---

Curuma xanthorriza (C. Xanthorrhiza) Roxb. extract had been reportedto have antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis)single species. S. mutans and S. sanguinis are competing in the biofilm.

Objective: To analyze the effect of C. xanthorrhiza extract onthe viability of dual species S. mutans and S. sanguinis in differrent stages of biofilm formation.

Methods: S. mutans and S. sanguinis in dual species model biofilm was incubated for 20 hours and 24 hours at 37oC and exposed by 0.2%-25% C. xanthorrhiza ethanol extract, 0.2 % Chlorhexidine as a positive control, and bacterial culture only as a negative control. The viability of the bacteria was analyzed using the MTT assay.

Results: The java turmeric ethanol extract decreased the S. mutans and S. sanguinis viability significantly (p<0.05 ) started from concentrations 0.2%. The viability of bacteria in dual species biofilms Streptococccus in the active accumulation phase is lower than in the maturation phase. The antibacterial effect of C. xanthorrhiza ethanol extract is equivalent to 0.2% Chlorhexidine.

Conclusion: The C. xanthorrhiza ethanol extract can reduce the viability of S. mutans and S. sanguinis in the biofilm. The effectivity of C. xanthorrhiza ethanol extract is higher in the active accumulation phase."

"Latar belakang : S. mutans merupakan patogen utama penyebab karies. NSF diketahui memiliki sifat antibakterial. Tujuan : Menganalisis pengaruh NSF dalam menghambat virulensi dan pembentukkan biofilm S. mutans. Metode : Suspensi bakteri S. mutans dalam media BHI yang diperkaya sukrosa 0.2 dipaparkan NSF diinkubasi selama 20 jam. Persen inhibisi biofilm dinilai menggunakan uji crystal violet. Hasil : Nilai KHM NSF adalah 2.66 dan nilai KBM 4.16 . NSF mampu menghambat pembentukkan biofilm S. mutans. Kesimpulan : NSF mampu menghambat virulensi dan pembentukkan biofilm S. mutans.

---

Background: S. mutans are the primary pathogens that cause caries. NSF known to have antimicrobial properties.

Aim: To analyze the effect of NSF in inhibiting virulence and biofilm formation of S. mutans.

Methods: Bacterial suspension of S. mutans in BHI medium enriched 0.2 sucrose exposed with NSF incubated for 20 hours. Percent inhibition of biofilm was assessed using crystal violet test.

Result: NSF MIC value is 2.66 and MBC value is 4.16 . NSF is able to inhibit biofilm formation of S. mutans.

Conclusion: NSF is able to inhibit virulence and biofilm formation of S.mutans. "

"Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui konsentrasi antibodi imunoglobulin G (IgG) terhadap polisakarida dari bakteri Streptococcus pneumoniae serotipe 14 dan 19F dalam serum anak yang terinfeksi HIV. Perlakuan yang diberikan dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu sebelum divaksin dan setelah divaksin dengan vaksin PCV7. Kedua perlakuan terdiri atas 20 sampel serum sebelum divaksin (hari ke-0) dan 20 sampel serum setelah divaksin (bulan ke-6 setelah vaksinasi). Vaksinasi diberikan kepada anak-anak berusia 2--5 tahun. Hasil uji t (P < 0,05), menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan konsentrasi antibodi IgG yang signifikan setelah divaksinasi dengan vaksin PCV7 untuk serotipe 19F dan serotipe 14. Serum yang memiliki konsentrasi antibodi IgG > 0,2 µg/ml setelah divaksinasi sebanyak 100% untuk kedua serotipe. Penggunaan glikonanopertikel tidak memberikan hasil yang berbeda signifikan dibandingkan dengan penggunaan polisakarida dan sel sebagai antigen target pada metode indirect ELISA dalam deteksi antibodi anti-pneumokokus setelah divaksinasi dengan PCV7.

---

The research to observe concentration of immunoglobulinG (IgG) to capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 14 and 19F in human serum has been done. Fourty samples were divided into 20 samples of pre-vaccination sample and 20 samples of post-vaccination with PCV7 vaccine. Vaccination was given to children 2--5 of age old. We investigated that there was significant (P < 0,05) difference of IgG concentration of serum sampel against capsular polysaccharide serotype 19F and serotype 14 between before and after PCV7 vaccination. Serum with IgG concentration above 0,2 µg/ml after vaccination are 100% for both serotype. We also investigated there was no significant difference between glyconanoparticle, polysaccharide, and bacterial cell as a coating material in indirect ELISA method to detect anti-pneumococcal antibody after PCV7 vaccination."

"Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae atau pneumokokus) dapat menyebabkan Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD), seperti penumonia, meningitis, dan otitis media. Streptococcus pneumoniae memiliki lebih dari 90 serotipe yang berbeda sifat-sifat kepatogenannya. Saat ini, metode molekuler lebih banyak diterapkan dalam penentuan serotipe bakteri tersebut. Penelitian sebelumnya pada anak-anak sehat di Lombok, menemukan bahwa 73 dari 551 isolat merupakan untypeable S. pneumoniae karena tidak dapat ditentukan serotipenya berdasarkan metode PCR multipleks. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan identifikasi lebih mendalam dengan mendeteksi tiga gen yang lestari (conserved genes) pada bakteri S. pneumoniae yaitu, gen psaA, lytA, dan cpsA. Sebanyak 52 isolat (71.2%) terdeteksi dengan PCR mempunyai gen psaA. Sementara itu, gen lytA terdeteksi pada 69 isolat (90.4%) dan gen cpsA terdeteksi pada 37 isolat (50.7%). Berdasarkan hasil deteksi gen psaA, lytA, dan cpsA diperoleh 6 kelompok varian untypeable S. pneumoniae. Analisa sekuens gen recA dengan metode sekuensing, menunjukkan bahwa kelompok varian I (psaA+, lytA+, cpsA+), II (psaA+, lytA+, cpsA–) dan IV (psaA–, lytA+, cpsA+) merupakan bakteri S. pneumoniae. Sementara itu, kelompok varian VI (psaA–, lytA+, cpsA–) merupakan bakteri S. pseudopneumoniae dan kelompok varian VIII (psaA–, lytA–, cpsA–) merupakan bakteri S. infantis. Hasil tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa identifikasi bakteri S. pneumoniae tidak dapat dilakukan hanya dengan satu penanda gen. Hasil penelitian ini penting untuk meningkatkan sensitifitas dari deteksi S. pneumoniae dengan teknik biologi molekuler.

---

Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae or pneumococcus) can cause Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD), such as pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media. Streptococcus pneumoniae has more than 90 serotypes which differentiated based on the level of pathogenicity. Currently, molecular methods were more widely applied to determine bacterial serotype. Previous studies of healthy children in Lombok, found that 73 of 551 isolates were untypeable S. pneumoniae, because the serotypes can not be determined by multiplex PCR method. This research used a deeper identification by detecting three conserved genes in S. pneumoniae, such as psaA, lytA, and cpsA. A total of 52 isolates (71.2%) were positive for psaA gene by PCR. Meanwhile, lytA gene was detected in 69 isolates (90.4%) and cpsA gene was detected in 37 isolates (50.7%).

Based on the result of psaA, lytA and cpsA gene detection, obtained 6 variants of untypeable S. pneumoniae. recA gene sequence analysis with sequencing method, showed that variant I, II and IV are S. pneumoniae. Meanwhile, variant VI is S. pseudopneumoniae and variant VIII is S. infantis. The results indicated that identification of the bacteria S. pneumoniae can not be done with just one marker gene. The results are important to increase the detection of S. pneumoniae with molecular biology techniques."

"Streptococcus pneumoniaemerupakan bakteri Gram positif yang bersifat patogen pada manusia dan menjadi penyebab Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases (IPD)dengan tingkat kematian yang tinggi. Streptococcus pneumoniae merupakan salah satu flora normal yang terdapat pada saluran pernafasan atas dan nasofaring anak-anak. Kolonisasi merupakan langkah pertama bakteri tersebut melakukan infeksi ke dalam tubuh inang.Kolonisasi lebih dari satu serotipe (multi serotipe/co-colonization) meningkatkan kemungkinan terjadinya infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan serotipe dan multi kolonisasi bakteri S. pneumoniae dari kultur primer. Sebanyak 150 usapan nasofaring yang diperoleh dari anak-anak diseleksi dengan metode mikrobiologi dan diperoleh sebanyak 67 kultur primer yang diduga mengandung bakteri S. pneumoniae. Sebanyak 67 kultur primer tersebut kemudian diidentifikasi menggunakan pendekatan molekuler, yaitu dengan teknik Polymerase Chain Reaction. Penentuan serotipe dilakukan dengan teknik PCR multipleks. Bakteri S. pneumoniae berhasil diidentifikasi dari 57 kultur primer (38%). Serotipe bakteri S. pneumoniae yang berhasil diidentifikasi pada penelitian ini, yaitu 19F (9), 6A/B (9), 19A (5), 23F (4), 15B/C (3), 7F (3), sg18 (2), 11A (2), 9V (2), 12F (1), 35F (1), 3 (1), 15A (1), 17F (1), 34 (1), 7C (1), dan 11 sampel kultur primer tidak dapat ditentukan serotipenya. Hasil tersebut juga sama dengan serotipe yang dapat ditentukan dari kultur murni. Hanya ditemukan satu dari 67 kultur primer yang mengandung lebih dari satu serotipe bakteri S. pneumoniae. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah, penentuan serotipe dapat dilakukan langsung dari kultur primer tanpa menggunakan kultur murni dan metode PCR multipleks kurang sensitif dalam mendeteksi serotipe minor.

---

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive bacteria that are pathogenic to humans and cause Invasive Penumococcal Diseases (IPD) with a high mortality rate. Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the normal flora found on the upper respiratory tract and nasopharynx of children. Bacterial colonization is the first step to carry out infection in the host’s body. Colonization more than one serotype (multi colonization/co-colonization) increases the likelihood of infection. This study aims to determine the serotype and multiple colonization of S. pneumoniae directly from the primary culture. A total of 150 nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from children and selected by microbiological methods thus obtained 67 suspected primary cultures of S. pneumoniae. Primary cultures from those 67 samples were identified using molecular approaches, namely Polymerase Chain Reaction technique. Serotypes determination was done by using multiplex PCR. Streptococcus pneumoniae were identified from 57 (38%) primary cultures. Serotypes that were identified in this study, namely 19F (9), 6A/B (9), 19A (5), 23F (4), 15B/C (3), 7F (3), sg18 (2), 11A (2), 9V (2), 12F (1), 35F (1), 3 (1), 15A (1), 17F (1), 34 (1), 7C (1), and 11 primary culture samples were non serotypeable. These results are also similar to that were obtained from pure culture, so serotyping with multiplex PCR can be performed directly from primary culture without the use or pure culture. We could only found one of 67 primary cultures that contains more than one serotypes of S. pneumoniae, so we conclude that multiplex PCR method are less sensitive in detecting minor serotypes."

"[Deteksi Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumokokus) dilakukan dengan metode biakan dan PCR. Tujuan penelitian menentukan batas kemampuan tehnik PCR gen psaA mendeteksi inokulum pneumokokus dalam media cair sebelum inkubasi dan setelah inkubasi 24 jam. Penelitian secara eksperimental menggunakan S.pneumoniae ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) 49619 yang ditumbuhkan pada media agar darah domba. Sepuluh mililiter suspensi bakteri dengan densitas 6x107/ml, 6x106/ml, 6x105/ml, 6x104/ml, 6x103/ml, 6x102/ml, 60/ml, 6/ml dimasukkan dalam media cair BD BACTEC™ Plus Aerobic/F Culture Vials. Masing-masing densitas diinokulasikan ke dalam 20 media cair tersebut. Selanjutnya, dari tiap media cair yang telah diinokulasi, sebelum inkubasi maupun setelah inkubasi 24 jam, dilakukan pewarnaan Gram, diinokulasikan pada media agar darah domba, serta uji PCR untuk mendeteksi gen psaA. Bila ditemukan pertumbuhan koloni pneumokokus pada media agar darah, dilanjutkan uji katalase dan sensitivitas optochin. Uji PCR psaA ”positif” bila ditemukan amplikon dengan berat molekul 838 pasang basa. Metode biakan dan PCR dinyatakan“mampu mendeteksi pneumokokus” bila > 60% dari 20 replicate memberikan hasil positif. Dari masing-masing 20 replicate dengan densitas bakteri dalam inokulum awal 6x107/ml, 6x106/ml, 6x105/ml, 6x104/ml, 6x103/ml, 6x102/ml, 60/ml, 6/ml sebelum inkubasi, jumlah replicate yang terdeteksi gen psaA berturut-turut adalah 9/20 replicate (45%), 9/20 (45%), 3/20 (15%), 1/20 (5%), 0/20 (0%), 0/20 (0%), 0/20 (0%), 0/20 (0%). Setelah inkubasi 24 jam berturut-turut adalah 20/20 replicate (100%), 18/20 (90%), 11/20 (55%), 8/20 (40%), 4/20 (20%), 2/20 (10%), 0/20 (0%), 0/20 (0%). Dari data kadar DNA ekstrak terlihat uji PCR psaA penelitian ini membutuhkan kadar DNA ≥ 84 ng/µL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan diperlukan inkubasi 24 jam agar terdeteksi oleh uji PCR psaA dengan densitas pneumokokus dalam inokulum awal minimal 6x106/ml. Kelemahan penelitian adalah proses ekstraksi DNA tidak optimal sehingga kadar DNA ekstrak sangat bervariasi dan menyebabkan gen psaA tidak terdeteksi sebelum inkubasi.;Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal) detection can be done by culture and PCR methods. The purpose of this study was to determine the limits of psaA gene PCR in detecting pneumococcal inoculum prior to incubation and after 24 hours of incubation of liquid media. This experimental study used Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) 49619 which was grown on sheep blood agar. Ten mililiter of bacterial suspensions with initial density of 6x107/ml, 6x106/ml, 6x105/ml, 6x104/ml, 6x103/ml, 6x102/ml, 60/ml, 6/ml were inoculated into liquid media, BD BACTEC™ Plus Aerobic/F Culture Vials. Each bacterial density was inoculated into these 20 liquid medias. From each inoculated BD BACTEC™ Plus Aerobic/F Culture Vial, prior to incubation and after 24 hours of incubation, Gram staining, subculturing on sheep blood agar, and psaA gene PCR were done. When pneumococcal colonies were found on sheep blood agar, the colonies were tested for catalase and optochin sensitivity. PsaA gene were determined as “positive” when amplicons with molecular weight 838 pairs of bases were found. Culture and PCR methods were determined as able to detect pneumococcus when > 60% of 20 replicates yield positive results. The psaA PCR positive result rate of initial bacterial density of 6x107/ml, 6x106/ml, 6x105/ml, 6x104/ml, 6x103/ml, 6x102/ml, 60/ml, 6/ml prior to incubation were 9/20 replicate (45%), 9/20 (45%), 3/20 (15%), 1/20 (5%), 0/20 (0%), 0/20 (0%), 0/20 (0%), 0/20 (0%), respectively. After 24 hours of incubations were 20/20 replicate (100%), 18/20 (90%), 11/20 (55%), 8/20 (40%), 4/20 (20%), 2/20 (10%), 0/20 (0%), 0/20 (0%), respectively. From the DNA extract data, it could be determined that this PCR method required a DNA concentration of ≥ 84 ng/µL. Results showed a 24-hours incubation was needed in order to detect psaA by PCR and with the initial bacteria density of 6x106 organisms/ml in the inoculum. The weakness of study was DNA extraction process not optimal, shown by the variability of DNA concentration in the extracts which affected the ability of PCR to detect psaA gene prior to incubation., Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal) detection can be done by culture and PCR methods. The purpose of this study was to determine the limits of psaA gene PCR in detecting pneumococcal inoculum prior to incubation and after 24 hours of incubation of liquid media. This experimental study used Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) 49619 which was grown on sheep blood agar. Ten mililiter of bacterial suspensions with initial density of 6x107/ml, 6x106/ml, 6x105/ml, 6x104/ml, 6x103/ml, 6x102/ml, 60/ml, 6/ml were inoculated into liquid media, BD BACTEC™ Plus Aerobic/F Culture Vials. Each bacterial density was inoculated into these 20 liquid medias. From each inoculated BD BACTEC™ Plus Aerobic/F Culture Vial, prior to incubation and after 24 hours of incubation, Gram staining, subculturing on sheep blood agar, and psaA gene PCR were done. When pneumococcal colonies were found on sheep blood agar, the colonies were tested for catalase and optochin sensitivity. PsaA gene were determined as “positive” when amplicons with molecular weight 838 pairs of bases were found. Culture and PCR methods were determined as able to detect pneumococcus when > 60% of 20 replicates yield positive results. The psaA PCR positive result rate of initial bacterial density of 6x107/ml, 6x106/ml, 6x105/ml, 6x104/ml, 6x103/ml, 6x102/ml, 60/ml, 6/ml prior to incubation were 9/20 replicate (45%), 9/20 (45%), 3/20 (15%), 1/20 (5%), 0/20 (0%), 0/20 (0%), 0/20 (0%), 0/20 (0%), respectively. After 24 hours of incubations were 20/20 replicate (100%), 18/20 (90%), 11/20 (55%), 8/20 (40%), 4/20 (20%), 2/20 (10%), 0/20 (0%), 0/20 (0%), respectively. From the DNA extract data, it could be determined that this PCR method required a DNA concentration of ≥ 84 ng/µL. Results showed a 24-hours incubation was needed in order to detect psaA by PCR and with the initial bacteria density of 6x106 organisms/ml in the inoculum. The weakness of study was DNA extraction process not optimal, shown by the variability of DNA concentration in the extracts which affected the ability of PCR to detect psaA gene prior to incubation.]"

"Latar belakang: Temulawak memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap S.mutans dan P.gingivalis. Namun efektivitas pada biofilm butuh penelitian lanjutan. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi efektivitas ekstrak etanol temulawak teridentifikasi (EETT) dalam menghambat pembentukan biofilm S.mutans dan P.gingivalis tunggal maupun kombinasi. Metode: S.mutans ATCC 25175 dan P.gingivalis ATCC 33277 diuji untuk menetapkan KHM dan KBM menggunakan teknik microdilution. Efektivitas penghambatan biofilm diuji dengan crystal violet. Hasil: Nilai KHM dan KBM EETT terhadap S.mutans adalah 5% dan 15%. Konsentrasi inhibisi biofilm minimum S.mutans 1%; P.gingivalis 15%; dan biofilm kombinasi 0,5%. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol temulawak teridentifikasi efektif menghambat pembentukan biofilm S.mutans dan P.gingivalis tunggal maupun kombinasi.

---

Background: Java Turmeric had antibacterial effect against S.mutans and P.gingivalis but effectiveness for biofilm needed further research.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of identified java turmeric ethanol extract (IJTEE) against S.mutans and P.gingivalis single and combination biofilm.

Methods: S.mutans ATCC 25175 and P.gingivalis ATCC 33277 were tested for MIC and MBC using microdilution technique and inhibition biofilm formation was analyzed using crystal violet assay.

Results: MIC and MBC of S.mutans is 5% and 15%. Minimum inhibition biofilm of S.mutans 1%; P.gingivalis 15%; and combination 0,5%.

Conclusion: IJTEE was effective inhibiting S.mutans and P.gingivalis single and combination biofilm."