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"[ABSTRAKPulau Pramuka, di Kepulauan Seribu Utara merupakan pulau mikro dengan luas daratan pulau 16 Ha yang dikelilingi perairan yang luas. Pulau Pramuka terlalu kecil jika digolongkan sebagai pulau kecil menurut UU No.27 Tahun 2007 tentang Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil, yakni dengan luas maksimum 2000 km2.. Hal tersebut berdampak pada tidak adanya peraturan yang sesuai untuk mewadahi kekhasan pulau mikro, termasuk rencana penataan ruangnya. Oleh karena itu, melalui skripsi ini, saya ingin mencari tahu bagaimana penataan ruang Pulau Pramuka selama ini, dan bagaimana penataan ruang yang sesuai dengan kekhasan Pulau Pramuka. Hasilnya, penataan ruang Pulau Pramuka selama ini belum mewadahi kekhasan Pulau Pramuka sebagai pulau mikro. Penataan ruang pulau mikro seharusnya memiliki struktur dan pola ruang yang berasal dari analisa tapak yang komprehensif terhadap pulau mikro, memiliki integrasi antara ruang darat dan ruang laut dalam satu gugus pulau mikro, serta penataan ruangnya memiliki aspek mitigasi bencana melalui strategi adaptif yang diterapkan pada tapaknya.ABSTRACTPramuka Island, located in North Kepulauan Seribu, is a micro island with land area around 16Ha, surrounded by vast waters. Should be classified into micro island, Pramuka Island is considered too small according to definition of small island in UU No.27 Tahun 2007 about Management of Coastal and Small Islands, which maximum land area is 2000 km2. It has an impact on the lack of appropriate regulations to accommodate the peculiarities of micro island, including it?s spatial planning. Therefore, through this undergraduated thesis, I want to find out how the spatial planning works on Pramuka Island during this time, and how the spatial planning supposed to be in accordance with the peculiarities of the micro island. The result is that, the existing spatial planning has not yet accommodated the peculiarities of Pulau Pramuka as a micro island. Micro island?s spatial planning should have spatial structure and spatial pattern derived from comprehensive site analysis of the micro island, have integration between land space and sea space within a group of micro island, and have disaster mitigation aspect through adaptive strategy that is implied onto the site.;Pramuka Island, located in North Kepulauan Seribu, is a micro island with land area around 16Ha, surrounded by vast waters. Should be classified into micro island, Pramuka Island is considered too small according to definition of small island in UU No.27 Tahun 2007 about Management of Coastal and Small Islands, which maximum land area is 2000 km2. It has an impact on the lack of appropriate regulations to accommodate the peculiarities of micro island, including it?s spatial planning. Therefore, through this undergraduated thesis, I want to find out how the spatial planning works on Pramuka Island during this time, and how the spatial planning supposed to be in accordance with the peculiarities of the micro island. The result is that, the existing spatial planning has not yet accommodated the peculiarities of Pulau Pramuka as a micro island. Micro island?s spatial planning should have spatial structure and spatial pattern derived from comprehensive site analysis of the micro island, have integration between land space and sea space within a group of micro island, and have disaster mitigation aspect through adaptive strategy that is implied onto the site., Pramuka Island, located in North Kepulauan Seribu, is a micro island with land area around 16Ha, surrounded by vast waters. Should be classified into micro island, Pramuka Island is considered too small according to definition of small island in UU No.27 Tahun 2007 about Management of Coastal and Small Islands, which maximum land area is 2000 km2. It has an impact on the lack of appropriate regulations to accommodate the peculiarities of micro island, including it’s spatial planning. Therefore, through this undergraduated thesis, I want to find out how the spatial planning works on Pramuka Island during this time, and how the spatial planning supposed to be in accordance with the peculiarities of the micro island. The result is that, the existing spatial planning has not yet accommodated the peculiarities of Pulau Pramuka as a micro island. Micro island’s spatial planning should have spatial structure and spatial pattern derived from comprehensive site analysis of the micro island, have integration between land space and sea space within a group of micro island, and have disaster mitigation aspect through adaptive strategy that is implied onto the site.]"

"Wilayah pulau-pulau kecil termasuk wilayah yang rentan terhadap dampak perubahan iklim. Luas wilayah pulau kecil yang terbatas mengakibatkan perlu adanya pengelolaan secara terpadu dan berkelanjutan. Pulau Harapan dan Pulau Kelapa adalah salah satu pulau-pulau kecil yang rentan terhadap dampak perubahan iklim. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah belum adanya penataan ruang wilayah pulau-pulau kecil berbasis adaptasi perubahan iklim. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memodelkan penggunaan tanah untuk penataan ruang pulau-pulau kecil khususnya wilayah daratan yang ditinjau dari aspek perubahan penggunaan lahannya. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis perubahan penggunaan lahan, analisis dampak perubahan iklim terhadap kondisi sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan, dan memprediksi skenario penggunaan tanah di masa mendatang dengan menggunakan spatial modelling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan meningkatnya pertumbuhan penduduk, meningkatnya tinggi muka air laut, meningkatnya suhu dan salinitas, serta pola curah hujan yang tidak menentu, kebutuhan lahan akan permukiman meningkat. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah perlu adanya pembatasan penambahan luas wilayah agar mitigasi dan adaptasi akibat dampak perubahan iklim dapat terlaksana dengan baik, sehingga resiko kejadian bencana yang diakibatkan dampak perubahan iklim menjadi kecil.

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Small island territories include areas that are vulnerable to the effects of climate change. The limited area of the small islands requires for integrated and sustainable management. Harapan Island and Kelapa Island are some of the vulnerable islands that susceptible to climate change. The problem in this research is the lack of spatial arrangement of small islands region based on climate change adaptation. The purpose of this study is to create a model of land use for spatial arrangement of small islands, especially the land area in terms of changes in land use. The methods used in this study are analysis of land use change, analysis of climate change impacts on social, economic, and environmental conditions, and predict future land use scenarios using spatial modelling. The results showed that with increasing population growth, rising sea levels, rising temperatures and salinity, and erratic rainfall patterns, land requirements for settlements increased. The conclusion of this study is the additional area in Harapan island and Kelapa island should restrict, so the mitigation and adaptation due to the impact of climate change can be done well and the risk of disasters becomes small. "

"Sejak diberlakukannya UU 23/2014, maka tata ruang terdahulu menjadi tidak berlaku dan kewenangan perencanaannya telah dialihkan ke pemerintah pusat. Beberapa rencana pembangunan dalam RTRW telah diadopsi untuk pelaksanaan pembangunan di Pulau Sebatik, tetapi masih belum jelas arah pemanfaatannya. Penelitian ini menganalisis variasi penataan ruang dan pergeseran konsep tata ruang dalam RTRW dan RZWP3K Pulau Sebatik serta orientasi pemanfaatan eksisting berdasarkan persepsi masyarakat dikaitkan dengan arahan pemanfaatan pulau terluar dalam PP 62/2010. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis keruangan dan TOPSIS Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution . Penelitian ini menemukan perbedaan perencanaan antara RTRW dengan RZWP3K dalam hal kawasan sempadan pantai. Konsep tata ruang terdahulu, lebih mengutamakan aspek kesejahteraan masyarakat melalui pengembangan sektor pendukung ekonomi dengan penyediaan sarana prasarana pendukung ekonomi, dimana konsep tata ruang yang ada sekarang mengutamakan aspek pertahanan dan keamanan, kesejahteraan masyarakat serta pelestarian lingkungan. Berdasarkan persepsi masyarakat, pemanfaatan eksisting yang berlangsung saat ini di Pulau Sebatik lebih kepada pemanfaatan dalam aspek pertahanan dan keamanan.

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Since the enactment of Law number 23 2014, the former spatial plan has become invalid and its planning authority has been transferred to the national government. Several development plans in the RTRW have been adopted for development implementation on Sebatik Island, but the direction of its utilization still not clear. This study analyzed the variation of spatial planning and the shifting of the spatial concept in RTRW and RZWP3K of Sebatik Island also the orientation of existing utilization based on community perception related with the outer islands utilization direction in PP 62 2010. This research uses spatial analysis and TOPSIS Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution . In this research, there is a difference of planning between RTRW and RZWP3K in terms of coastal border area which is quite significant compared to other areas. The previous concept of spatial prioritizes the welfare aspect of the community through the development of economic support sectors by providing the infrastructures, whereas the existing concept prioritizes defense and security aspects, community welfare and environmental conservation. According to the public perception, the current utilization in Sebatik Island is more to the utilization in defense and security aspects."

"Telah dilakukan penapisan senyawa antimikroba terhadap 22 isolat Actinomycetes hasil isolasi dari sedimen pesisir Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. Penapisan senyawa antimikroba dilakukan menggunakan metode plug dan hasil penapisan dinyatakan dalam indeks aktivitas IA . Hasil penapisan menunjukkan tidak terdapat aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Escherichia coli NBRC 3301. Namun terdapat 13 isolat yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus NBRC 100910 IA 0,461-2,338, sebanyak 19 isolat mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Kocuria rhizophila NBRC 12708 IA 0,705-8,200, ada lima isolat dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans UICC Y-29 IA 0,357-0,885, dan terdapat empat isolat yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Saccharomyces cerevisiae UICC Y-17 IA 0,357-1,348. Berdasarkan data penapisan, isolat SD 17 ditetapkan sebagai isolat terpilih karena mampu menghambat pertumbuhan dari bakteri Gram positif S. aureus dan K. rhizophila, serta yeast S. cerevisiae dan C. albicans yang diujikan. Penentuan waktu fermentasi yang optimal dari isolat SD17 untuk produksi senyawa antimikroba dilakukan dengan medium CSM Cross Streak Media dan PM4 Production Medium 4 pada hari ke-3, 6, 9, dan 12. Hasil uji aktivitas antimikroba dari filtrat medium pertumbuhan menunjukkan produksi senyawa antimikroba dari isolat SD 17 optimal pada hari ke-9 dengan menggunakan medium CSM. Uji aktivitas antimikroba hasil ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut etil asetat, pada konsentrasi 20 mg/mL, menunjukkan terdapat aktivitas antimikroba terhadap S. aureus IA 2,33, K. rhizhophila IA 4,71, S. cerevisiae IA 1,36 dan Candida albicans IA 0,22.

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Twenty two isolates of Actinomycetes have been screened for antimicrobial activity, all isolates were isolated from sediment in coastal Pramuka island, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta, Indonesia. Strains were screened for antimicrobial activity using plug method and determined by antimicrobial Activity Index AI. The result showed no inhibition activity was observed in the Escherichia coli NBRC 3301. However, there were 13 isolates inhibited Staphylococcus aureus NBRC 100910 0.461 mdash 2.338, 19 isolates inhibited Kocuria rhizophila NBRC 12708 0.705 mdash 8.200, 5 isolates inhibited Candida albicans 0.885 mdash 0.357, and 4 isolates inhibited Saccharomyces cerivisiae 0.357 mdash 1.348. Based on the results of antimicrobial test, SD17 is the most potential strain since it is able to inhibit all Gram positive and yeast tested. To acquire optimal period for antimicrobial fermentation from isolate SD 17, isolates were screened with two different fermentation medium Cross Streak Media CSM and Production Medium 4 PM4. Medium filtrates were tested at 3,6,9 and 12 days incubation. The result showed the optimal activity was observed at 9 days incubation using CSM. The result of antimicrobial test from medium extract with concentration 20 mg mL showed inhibition zone against S. aureus IA 2,33, K. rhizhophila IA 4,71, S. cerevisiae IA 1,36 and Candida albicans IA 0,22."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kandungan logam berat Pb, Cd, dan Zn pada komponen organik dan anorganik spons Stylissa massa di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2020 sampai dengan Desember 2020. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di 3 stasiun dengan 2 kali pengulangan. Jumlah sampel yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 6 sampel spons Stylissa massa, 6 sampel air, 6 sampel sedimen, dan parameter lingkungan seperti pH, DO, suhu, salinitas, dan kedalaman. Analisis logam berat Pb, Cd, dan Zn dilakukan dengan menggunakan Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Hasil analisis yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa kandungan logam berat Pb, Cd, dan Zn pada spons Stylissa massa di ketiga stasiun penelitian yang tertinggi hingga terendah yaitu logam berat Zn sebesar 91.698,07 ppb, Pb sebesar 19.185,40 ppb, dan Cd sebesar 716,45 ppb. Selain itu, besaran kandungan logam berat Pb, Cd, dan Zn pada komponen organik spons Stylissa massa di ketiga stasiun secara berurutan yaitu 554,11 ppb–1.066,57 ppb, 134,96 ppb–258,43 ppb, dan 21.839,69 ppb–27.919,51 ppb. Sementara itu, kandungan logam berat Pb, Cd, dan Zn pada komponen anorganik spons Stylissa massa di ketiga stasiun secara berurutan yaitu 2.004,16 ppb–4.891,18 ppb, 50,62 ppb–64,87 ppb, dan 5.006,92 ppb–8.154,12 ppb. Berdasarkan hasil Uji Mann Whitney, terdapat perbedaan kandungan logam berat pada komponen organik dan anorganik dalam menyerap logam berat Pb, Cd, dan Zn dimana komponen organik memiliki kemampuan untuk menyerap logam berat lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan komponen anorganik. Hal ini disebabkan komponen organik mendominasi struktur tubuh spons Stylissa massa sedangkan pada komponen anorganik hanya membentuk kerangka dari spons Stylissa massa.

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This study aims to determine the differences in the heavy metal content of Pb, Cd, and Zn in the organic and inorganic components of the Stylissa massa sponge in Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. This research was conducted from June 2020 to December 2020. Sampling was conducted at 3 stations with 2 repetitions. The number of samples obtained in this study were 6 samples of Stylissa massa sponge, 6 water samples, 6 sediment samples, and environmental parameters such as pH, DO, temperature, salinity, and depth. Analysis of heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Zn was performed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results of the analysis obtained showed that the highest to lowest content of heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Zn in the Stylissa massa sponge in the 3 research stations were heavy metal Zn was 91,698.07 ppb, Pb was 19,185.40 ppb, and Cd was 716.45 ppb. In addition, the amount of heavy metal content Pb, Cd, and Zn in the organic components of the Stylissa massa sponge at the 3 stations, respectively, were 554.11 ppb-1,066.57 ppb, 134.96 ppb-258.43 ppb, and 21,839.69 ppb. -27,919.51 ppb. Meanwhile, the heavy metal content of Pb, Cd, and Zn in the inorganic components of the Stylissa massa sponge at the 3 stations were 2,004.16 ppb – 4,891.18 ppb, 50.62 ppb – 64.87 ppb, and 5,006.92 ppb– 8,154.12 ppb. Based on the results of the Mann Whitney Test, there are differences in the content of heavy metals in organic and inorganic components in absorbing heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Zn where organic components have the ability to absorb heavy metals higher than inorganic components. This is because the organic components dominate the body structure of the Stylissa massa sponge whereas the inorganic components only form the skeleton of the Stylissa massa sponge.

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"Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengetahui kelimpahan mikroplastik yang terkandung pada sampel air, sedimen, kerang dara (Anadara granosa), kerang kampak gigi (Pinna muricata) dan kerang bulu (Anadara gubernaculum) yang diambil di Perairan Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. Sampel air, sedimen dan Bivalvia diambil menggunakan metode jelajah bebas pada bagian selatan dan barat Perairan Pulau Pramuka. Sampel Bivalvia diambil masing-masing 10 sampel pada setiap spesiesnya. Analisis mikroplastik pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengapungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa semua sampel yang didapatkan mengandung ke 4 jenis mikroplastik yaitu fiber, frgamen, film dan pellet dengan dominasi mikroplastik jenis fiber dengan persentasi lebih dari 75 % pada setiap sampelnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sampel air sebesar 54,5 ± 4,45 partikel L-1, pada sampel sedimen sebesar 58.000 ± 14.519,25 partikel Kg-1, sampel kerang dara 26,84 ± 3,88 partikel / g Ind-1, sampel kerang kampak gigi sebesar 82,06 ± 30,10 partikel / g Ind-1 dan pada sampel kerang bulu sebesar 27,83 ± 9,14 partikel / g Ind-1. Hasil uji non-parametrik Krusskal-wallis pada rata-rata kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sampel Bivalvia menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rata-rata antara kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sampel Bivalvia di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta.

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This research was conducted with the aim of identifying and knowing the abundance of microplastics contained in samples of water, sediment, blood cockles (Anadara granosa), Prickly pen shells (Pinna muricata) and Hairy arck cockles (Anadara gubernaculum) taken in the waters of Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands, DKI. Jakarta. Samples of water, sediment and bivalves were taken using the free roam method in the southern and western parts of Pramuka Island waters. Bivalvia samples were taken from 10 samples from each species. Microplastic analysis in this study used the flotation method. The results showed that all samples obtained contained 4 types of microplastics, namely fiber, fragment, film and pellet with a predominance of fiber type microplastic with a percentage of more than 75% in each sample. The results showed the abundance of microplastics in the water sample was 54.5 ± 4.45 L-1 particles, the sediment sample was 58.000 ± 14,519.25 particles Kg-1, blood cockles sample was 26.84 ± 3.88 particles /g Ind-1 particles, prickly pen shells sample was 82.06 ± 30.10 particles /g Ind-1 and 27.83 ± 9.14 particles / g Ind-1 on hairy arck cockles. The results of the Krusskal-wallis nonparametric test on the average abundance of microplastics in the Bivalvia sample showed that there was an average difference between the abundance of microplastics in the Bivalvia sample on Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands, DKI Jakarta."

"Penelitian mengenai kandungan logam berat timbal (Pb), kadmium (Cd) dan seng (Zn) pada spons Neopetrosia sp. di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu telah dilakukan. Logam berat merupakan unsur beracun jika konsentrasinya berada di dalam tubuh. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian, yaitu untuk mengetahui perbedaan konsentrasi logam berat (Pb, Cd, dan Zn) pada spons Neopetrosia sp. di 3 stasiun penelitian yang berbeda di perairan Pulau Pramuka serta mengetahui korelasi kandungan logam berat Pb, Cd, dan Zn pada spons Neopetrosia sp. dengan air dan sedimen. Konsentrasi logam berat (Pb, Cd dan Zn) pada spons Neopetrosia sp., sedimen dan air di Pulau Pramuka dideteksi menggunakan alat Inductively Coupled Plasma-mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Hasil rata-rata konsentrasi logam berat Pb, Cd, dan Zn pada Neopetrosia sp. secara berurut berkisar 957,54--2.560,43 ppb; 6,41--7,99 ppb; 2.431,87-- 4.577,91 ppb. Hasil rata-rata konsentrasi logam berat Pb, Cd, dan Zn pada sedimen secara berurut berkisar 132,35--783,96 ppb; 11,08--18,18 ppb; 681,48--5.179,02 ppb. Hasil rata-rata konsentrasi logam berat (Pb, Cd, dan Zn) pada air secara berurut berkisar 0,33--0,85 ppb; 0,00--0,01 ppb; 5,81--9,28 ppb. Data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan korelasi Spearman. Hasil menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat korelasi antara kandungan logam berat (Pb, Cd, Zn) pada spons Neopetrosia sp. dan sedimen, maupun logam berat (Pb, Cd, dan Zn) pada spons Neopetrosia sp. dan air

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Research on heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Zn) in sponge Neopetrosia sp. on Pramuka Island, Thousand Islands has been carried out. Heavy metals are toxic element if the concentration is existed in the body. The purpose of this research was to determine the differences of heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Zn concentrations in sponge Neopetrosia sp. in 3 different research stations in Pramuka Island and to know the correlation of heavy metal content of Pb, Cd, and Zn in sponge Neopetrosia sp. with water and sediment. The concentrations of heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Zn in Neopetrosia sp., sediment and water in Pramuka Island were detected with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) tool. The results of the average concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Zn) in Neopetrosia sp. sequentially ranges from 957.54--2.560.43 ppb; 6.41--7.99 ppb; 2,431.87--4,577.91 ppb. The average concentration of Pb, Cd, and Zn in the sediment ranged from 132.35 to 783.96 ppb; 11.08--18.18 ppb; 681.48--5,179.02 ppb. The results of the average concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Zn in water, respectively, ranged from 0.33--0.85 ppb; 0.00--0.01 ppb; 5.81--9.28 ppb. The data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation. The results have shown that there was no correlation between heavy metals content (Pb, Cd, Zn) in the sponge Neopetrosia sp. and sediments, as well as heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Zn) on the sponge Neopetrosia sp. and water"

"Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang jenis dan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada daun lamun Cymodocea serrulata di Pulau Pramuka dan Pulau Semak Daun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membandingkan serta menganalisis kelimpahan dan jenis mikroplastik pada permukaan daun lamun atas dan bawah spesies Cymodocea serrulata, air dan sedimen. Sampel yang digunakan adalah daun lamun Cymodocea serrulata kemudian dipotong ± 1 cm2, 10 cm dari pangkal daun. Permukaan daun lalu dikerik menggunakan silet dan hasil kerikan diletakan pada kamar hitung Sedgewick Rafter Chamber dan ditetesi aquades lalu diamati pada mikroskop. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan kelimpahan pada Pulau Pramuka lebih tinggi dengan nilai kelimpahan 86,85 ± 56,65 partikel.cm-2 dibandingkan Pulau Semak Daun sebesar 63,25 ± 33.01 partikel.cm-2. Kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air sebesar 98,62 ± 6,18 partikel.L-1 di Pulau Pramuka dan 59,58 ± 3,82 partikel.L-1 di Pulau Semak Daun. Kelimpahan pada sedimen di Pulau Pramuka sebesar 10766,67 ± 2280,59 partikel.Kg-1 dan 8333.33 ± 1239,18 partikel.Kg-1 pada Pulau Semak Daun. Mikroplastik yang berhasil teramati yaitu fiber, fragmen, film dan pellet. Film menjadi jenis mikroplastik yang paling banyak kelimpahannya pada permukaan daun lamun sedangkan fiber yang paling banyak ditemukan pada air dan sedimen. Hasil Uji-T (Independent Sample T-test) menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada permukaan atas dengan bawah daun lamun, tetapi terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada permukaan daun lamun, air dan sedimen di Pulau Pramuka dengan Pulau Semak Daun.

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A research was conducted on the types and abundance of microplastics on Pramuka Island and Semak Daun Island. The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the abundance and types of microplastics on the upper and lower leaf surfaces of species Cymodocea serrulata, water and sediment. The sample used was seagrass leaves Cymodocea serrulata and then cut ± 1 cm2, 10 cm from the base of the leaf. The leaf surface was then scraped using a razor blade and the scraped results were placed in the counting Sedgewick Rafter Chamber and added with distilled water and observed under a microscope. Observations showed that the abundance on Pramuka Island was higher with an abundance value of 86.85 ± 56.65 particles.cm-2 compared to Semak Daun Island of 63.25 ± 33.01 particles.cm-2. Abundance microplastic in water was 98.62 ± 6.18 particles.L-1 on Pramuka Island and 59.58 ± 3.82 particles.L-1 on Semak Daun Island. The abundance of sediment on Pramuka Island was 10766.67 ± 2280.59 particles.Kg-1 and 8333.33 ± 1239.18 particles.Kg-1 on Semak Daun Island. The microplastics that were observed were fiber, fragments, films and pellets. Film is the most abundant type of microplastic on the surface of seagrass leaves, while fiber is the most abundant in water and sediment. The result of T-test (Independent Sample T-test) showed that there was no difference in the abundance of microplastic on the upper and lower surfaces of seagrass leaves, but there was a significant difference in the abundance of microplastics on the surface of seagrass leaves, water and sediment on Pramuka Island and Semak Daun Island."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian terkait analisis kandungan logam berat Pb, Cd dan Zn pada spons Stylissa massa, air laut, dan sedimen di perairan Pulau Pramuka dan Pulau Semak Daun, Kepulauan Seribu. Sampel S. massa dikering-bekukan, dan dimaserasi menggunakan larutan HNO3 pekat selama 48 jam untuk mendapatkan larutan ekstraksi. Sampel air laut diekstraksi menggunakan HNO3 pekat sedangkan sampel sedimen diekstraksi menggunakan larutan HF. Larutan ekstraksi S. massa, air laut dan sedimen selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan alat ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry) untuk mengetahui kandungan Pb, Cd dan Zn. Hasil analisis logam berat pada S. massa, air laut dan sedimen menunjukkan bahwa kandungan Pb, Cd dan Zn pada perairan Pulau Pramuka lebih tinggi dibandingkan Pulau Semak Daun. Logam berat Zn memiliki konsentrasi tertinggi pada setiap sampel S. massa, air laut, dan sedimen. Konsentrasi Zn pada spons yaitu sebesar 11.603,2 ppb untuk sampel Pulau Pramuka dan 8.406,29 ppb untuk sampel Pulau Semak Daun, pada air laut sebesar 9,52 ppb untuk Pulau Pramuka dan 2,68 ppb untuk Pulau Semak Daun, sedangkan pada sedimen sebesar 2.968,38 ppb untuk Pulau Pramuka dan sebesar 1.312,95 ppb untuk Pulau Semak Daun. Sementara itu, konsentrasi Pb pada sampel spons Pulau Pramuka sebesar 498,08 ppb dibanding spons Pulau Semak Daun sebesar 313,46 ppb. Pb pada air laut Pulau Pramuka sebesar 0,51 ppb dan Pulau Semak Daun sebesar 0,43 ppb, sedangkan pada sedimen Pulau Pramuka sebesar 583,73 ppb dan 364,01 ppb pada sedimen Pulau Semak Daun. Konsentrasi Cd pada spons Pulau Pramuka yaitu sebesar 62,33 ppb dibanding Pulau Semak Daun sebesar 62,06 ppb. Pada air laut, Cd terkandung sebesar 0,02 ppb di Pulau Pramuka dan sebesar 0,03 ppb di Pulau Semak Daun, sedangkan sedimen Pulau Pramuka mengandung Cd sebesar 16,05 ppb dan 4,58 ppb pada sedimen Pulau Semak Daun

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Research related to the analysis of the heavy metal content Pb, Cd and Zn on Stylissa massa sponge, seawater and sediment in the waters of Pramuka Island and Semak Daun Island, Seribu Islands have been carried out. The S. massa samples were freeze-dried, and macerated using HNO3 solution for 48 hours to obtain the extraction solution. Seawater samples were extracted using HNO3 solution, while sediment samples were extracted using HF solution. The extraction solution of S. massa, seawater and sediment were then analyzed using the ICP-MS (Inducively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry) to see the content of Pb, Cd and Zn. The result of heavy metals analysis on S. massa, seawater and sediment showed that the content of Pb, Cd and Zn in Pramuka Island were higher than Semak Daun Island. Heavy metal Zn had the highest concentration in each sample of S. massa, seawater, and sediment. The Zn concentration in the sponge amounted to 11.603,2 ppb for the Pramuka Island’s sample and 8.406,29 ppb for the Semak Daun Island’s sample, in seawater Zn amounted to 9,52 ppb for Pramuka Island and 2,68 ppb for the Semak Daun Island, while in sediment was 2.968,38 ppb for Pramuka Island and 1.312,95 ppb for Semak Daun Island. Meanwhile, the Pb concentration in the Pramuka Island’s sponge amounted to 498,08 ppb compared to the Semak Daun Island’s sponge amounted to 313,46 ppb. Pb in Pramuka Island’s seawater was 0,51 ppb and Semak Daun Island’s was 0,43 ppb, while in Pramuka Island’s sediment amounted to 583,73 ppb and 364,01 ppb in Semak Daun Island’s sediment. The concentration of Cd in Pramuka Island’s sponge was 62,33 ppb compared to Semak Daun Island’s sponge, which was 62,06 ppb. In seawater, Cd amounted to 0,02 ppb in Pramuka Island and 0,03 ppb in Semak Daun Island, while Pramuka Island’s sediment contained 16,05 ppb of Cd and 4,58 ppb in the Semak Daun Island’s sediment"

"Logam berat merupakan bahan pencemar yang berbahaya karena bersifat non-biodegradable sehingga mudah terakumulasi di perairan dan biota laut. Biomonitor logam berat penting dilakukan untuk mempertahankan kualitas perairan ekosistem laut. Spons merupakan biota laut yang cocok dijadikan biomonitor logam berat karena hidup sesil dan hewan filter feeder. Penelitian dilakukan terkait deteksi dan analisis logam Cd dan Zn pada spons Petrosia ficiformis pada kedalaman 10 m dan 20 m Pulau Pramuka. P. ficiformis merupakan spesies spons yang tersebar luas hingga di beberapa kedalaman. Analisis logam Cd dan Zn juga dilakukan pada sampel air dan data parameter lingkungan untuk mendukung data penelitian. Kadar logam sampel air dan P. ficiformis dianalisis menggunakan alat ICP-OES. Konsentrasi logam Cd dan Zn pada sampel air di kedalaman 20 m (56,82 ± 3,71 ppb dan 313,92 ± 300,01 ppb) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan 10 m (54,14 ± 1,39 ppb dan 132,88 ± 48,78 ppb). Konsentrasi rata-rata logam Cd pada P. ficiformis pada kedalaman 10 m yaitu 3.394,52 ± 982,69 ppb lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan 20 m adalah 3.339,98 ± 740,69 ppb. Sedangkan, konsentrasi rata-rata logam Zn pada P. ficiformis pada 20 m adalah 52.831,90 ± 13.406,37 ppb lebih tinggi dibandingkan kedalaman 10 m yaitu 41.503,35 ± 13.636,58 ppb. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi rata-rata logam Cd dan Zn pada sampel air berbeda nyata pada kedalaman 10 m dan 20 m. Sedangkan, konsentrasi Cd dan Zn pada P. ficiformis pada kedalaman 10 m dan 20 m tidak berbeda nyata.

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Heavy metals are dangerous pollutants because they are non-biodegradable thus they easily accumulate in waters and marine life. Heavy metal biomonitor is important to maintain the quality of marine ecosystem waters. Sponges are marine biota that is suitable to be used to monitor heavy metals because they are sessile filter feeders. Research regarding Cd and Zn analysis in Petrosia ficiformis sponges in the depth of 10 m and 20 m have been done in Pramuka Island. P. piciformis is a species of sponge that can be found in different depths. Analysis of Cd and Zn metals on water samples and environmental parameter data was also carried out to support the research data. Water samples and P. ficiformis were analyzed using the ICP-OES tool. The concentration of Cd and Zn metals in water samples at a depth of 20 m (56,82 ± 3,71 ppb and 313,92 ± 300,01 ppb) was higher than that of 10 m (54,14 ± 1,39 ppb and 132,88 ± 48,78 ppb). The concentration of Cd in P. ficiformis at 10 m (3.394,52 ± 982,69 ppb) was higher than that of 20 m (3.339,98 ± 740,69 ppb). Meanwhile, the concentration of Zn in P. ficiformis was higher at 20 m (52.831,90 ± 13.406,37 ppb) than that of 10 m (41.503,35 ± 13.636,58 ppb). The results showed that the mean concentrations of Cd and Zn metals in water samples were significantly different at 10m and 20m depths. Meanwhile, the concentrations of Cd and Zn in P. ficiformis at a depth of 10m and 20m were not significantly different."