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"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai sejauh apa negara pantai dapat menerapakan yurisdiksinya terhadap anjungan minyak lepas pantai yang terpancang di landas kontinennya. Penelitian ini berbentuk yuridis-normatif dengan desain deskriptif analitis, yang bertujuan untuk pemahaman lebih lanjut mengenai konsep yurisdiksi negara pantai terhadap anjungan minyak lepas pantai secara komprehensif baik dalam the 1958 Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf, the 1982 United Convention on the Law of the Sea, dan hukum nasional negara pantai. Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan dalam kasus Arctic Sunrise (Kingdom of the Netherlands v. Russian Federation), negara pantai dalam menerapkan yurisdiksi pada anjungan minyak lepas pantai di landas kontinennya, tidak dapat diberlakukan sepenuhnya karena sudah berbatasan dengan rezim hukum laut lain yaitu rezim hukum laut lepas.

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The focus of this study is about the extent to which a coastal state may exercise its jurisdiction to offshore oil platforms which fixed on its continental shelf. This normative juridical with analytical descriptive, is aim for the further understanding of the concept of jurisdiction of coastal states to offshore oil platforms comprehensively which regulated in the 1958 Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf, the 1982 United Convention on the Law of the Sea and the national law of the coastal State. Based on the analysis that has been done in the case of the Arctic Sunrise (the Kingdom of the Netherlands v. Russian Federation), a coastal state in the exercise of its jurisdiction to offshore oil platforms on the continental shelf, can not be fully enforced because it is bordered by the other legal regime of the sea, which is high sea."

"ABSTRAKKelayakan operasi instalasi anjungan migas lepas pantai antara 25-30 tahun.Beberapa anjungan migas di Laut Jawa dibangun tahun 70-an, sehinggakondisinya sudah tua dan akan di dekomisioning, yaitu pembongkarankeseluruhan atau sebagian struktur instalasi anjungan. Masalah dekomisioning diLaut Jawa adalah Indonesia belum memiliki pengalaman dekomisioning danbanyaknya regulasi terkait kegiatan dekomisioning. Permasalahan dekomisioningdapat diselesaikan melalui regulasi yang komprehensif. Tujuan riset inimenganalisis ketentuan internasional dan regulasi dekomisioning di indonesia,dan mengkaji alternatif metode dekomisioning di Laut Jawa berdasarkanpendekatan aspek lingkungan, sosial dan ekonomi. Riset ini menggunakanpendekatan kualitatif, melakukan wawancara mendalam dengan 3 institusipemerintah pusat dan 1 kontraktor migas. Metode Analisis Dampak Regulasi(Regulation Impact Analysis) digunakan untuk membantu menentukan alternatifkebijakan dan regulasi dekomisioning terbaik dari sudut pandang manfaat danbiaya. Hasil riset ini menunjukkan diperlukan pembuatan regulasi dekomisioningsecara holistik, multisektor, multidisiplin dan interdisiplin. Hasil lainnya yaitumetode dekomisioning di Laut Jawa berdasarkan pandangan institusi pemerintahpusat adalah program rig-to-reef karena lebih memenuhi prinsip keberlanjutan.Kesimpulannya adalah belum adanya aturan hukum di Indonesia yangmengakomodir metode dekomisioning dengan program rig-to-reef,mengakibatkan program rig-to-reef pada dekomisioning di Laut Jawa belum bisalangsung diterpakan karena harus dilakukan pembahasan panjang melibatkanseluruh pemangku kepentingan yang terkait

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ABSTRACTFeasibility of installation operations for offshore oil and gas platforms between25-30 years. Some oil and gas platforms in the Java Sea were built in the 70s, sothat the condition is old and will be decommissioned, namely the dismantling ofthe whole or part of the structure of the bridge installation. The problem ofdecommissioning in the Java Sea is that Indonesia does not have experience indecommissioning and the number of regulations related to decommissioningactivities. Decommissioning issues can be resolved through comprehensiveregulation. The purpose of this research is to analyze international provisions anddecommissioning regulations in Indonesia, and to examine alternative methods ofdecommissioning in the Java Sea based on environmental, social and economicaspects. This research uses a qualitative approach, conducts in-depth interviewswith 3 central government institutions and 1 oil and gas contractor. TheRegulatory Impact Analysis method is used to help determine the best alternativedecommissioning policies and regulations from the point of view of benefits andcosts. The results of this research indicate that decommissioning regulation isneeded in a holistic, multisector, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary manner.Another result, namely the decommissioning method in the Java Sea based on theviews of central government institutions, is a rig-to-reef program because it meetsthe principle of sustainability. The conclusion is that there is no legal rule inIndonesia that accommodates the decommissioning method with rig-to-reefprograms, resulting in a rig-to-reef program on decommissioning in the Java Seathat cannot be directly implemented because long discussions must be conductedinvolving all related stakeholders"

"Electrical submersible pump (ESP) yang digunakan mengangkat minyak dari formasi, tidak bisa bekerja dengan baik karena sering mengalami gas lock sebagai akibat banyaknya gas associated yang terproduksi didalam well bore. Untuk mengatasinya, Gas associated ini dialirkan lewat casing dan di-venting ke atmosfir. Venting system ini  berpontesi menimbukan polusi udara. Karean itu, 5 MMSCFD associated  gas yang terproduksi di Anjungan Y ini, perlu dimanfaatan secara close system dengan mengalirkanya ke Anjungan Process melalui scrubber  55” OD x 8’0”S/S, gas pipeline 8” sepanjang 5700 ft serta dikompessi dengan kompesor sampai tekanan discharge 400 psig sehingga dapat dimafaatkan sebagai umpan gas plant atau fuel gas turbine. Nilai keekonomisan  proyek ini sangat layak dengan NPV positip 141,5 Juta US$, nilai IRR positip 408%, Payback time 3 bulan dan  Revenue sebesar 11,1 Juta US$/tahun.

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The electrical submersible pump that used to lift oil from the formation, can not work properly because it often experiences gas lock as a result of the amount of associated gas produced in the well bore. To overcome this, Associated gas has to be flowed through the casing and vented to the atmosphere. This venting system has the potential to cause air pollution. Therefore, 5 MMSCFD of associated gas produced at Platform Y, needs to be utilized in a close system by flowing it to the Process Platform through a scrubber 55 "OD x 8'0" S/S, 8" gas pipeline 5700 ft length and compressed by the compressor until 400 psig discharge pressure, so that it can be used as a feed gas plant or fuel gas turbine. The economic value of this project is very feasible since positive NPV 141.5 Million US $, positive IRR value of 408%, Payback time of 3 months and Revenue of 11.1 Million US $ / year."

"Perbedaan antara penegakan hukum maritim dan use of force di wilayah yurisdiksi negara pantai sama rumitnya dalam hukum internasional dan juga mendasar dalam praktiknya. Putusan arbitrase kasus Guyana/Suriname serta putusan pengadilan kasus M/V Saiga (No. 2) dan M/V Virginia G menjadi sangat signifikan dalam hal ini karena pengadilan-pengadilan tersebut harus mempertimbangkan beberapa pertanyaan penting yang melibatkan kategorisasi tindakan paksa di laut. Penelitian skripsi ini akan menawarkan beberapa refleksi awal tentang apa yang dianggap sebagai aspek kunci dari perbedaan antara penegakan hukum maritim dan use of force di wilayah yurisdiksi negara serta bagaimana seharusnya implementasi penegakan hukum yang diatur di dalam 1982. Berdasarkan penelitian hukum normatif yang dilakukan, tindakan use of force pada penegakan hukum di wilyayah yurisdiksi negara merupakan suatu hal yang tidak dilarang, namun harus sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip necessity, unavoidability, dan reasonableness. Use of force dalam konteks ini juga harus dianggap sebagai kasus lex specialis dan tidak termasuk dalam lingkup larangan umum use of force di bawah pasal 2 (4) Piagam PBB.

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The distinction between maritime law enforcement and the use of force in the jurisdiction of a coastal state is as complex in international law as it is fundamental in practice. The Guyana/Suriname arbitration award and the judgments of the M/V Saiga (No. 2) and the M/V Virginia G cases have been significant in this regard since the tribunal had to consider several important questions involving the categorization of forcible action at sea. This thesis research will offer some initial reflections on what are considered the key aspects of the difference between maritime law enforcement and the use of force in the jurisdiction of a coastal state and how law enforcement should be implemented as regulated in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982. Based on normative legal research conducted, use of force in law enforcement in the jurisdiction of a coastal state is something that is not prohibited, but must comply with the principles of necessity, unavoidability, and reasonableness. The use of force in this context must be considered as a lex specialis case and does not fall within the scope of the general prohibition of use of force under article 2 (4) of the UN Charter."

"Skripsi ini pertama menjelaskan perkembangan dan pengaturan rezim Landas Kontinen Ekstensi ("LKE") yang mencakupi syarat-syaratnya, hak negara pantai diatasnya, peran CLCS, dan lain-lain. Skripsi ini kemudian menganalisa rezim LKE di Indonesia. Indonesia tidak memiliki dasar hukum yang kuat untuk menerapkan rezim LKE dan tidak memiliki rencana utilisasi LKE. Rezim tersebut dapat diterapkan di barat laut Sumatera, selatan Nusa Tenggara, dan utara Papua. Indonesia telah membuat submisi untuk LKE di barat laut Sumatera dan telah diterima. Penulis menawarkan saran sebaiknya Indonesia memiliki dasar hukum lebih lanjut untuk penerapan rezim LKE dan melakukan studi manfaat untuk utilisasi LKE di Indonesia.

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This research explains the development and regulation of the Extended Continental Shelf ("ECS") regime which include its requirements, sovereign rights over it, the role of CLCS, et cetera. This research then analyzes the ECS regime in Indonesia. Indonesia does not have a strong legal basis to apply the ECS regime nor a utilization plan for its ECS. This regime can be applied in north-west of Sumatera, south of Nusa Tenggara, and north of Papua. Indonesia has made a submission for the ECS in north-west Sumatera which has been accepted. The writer offers some advice: Indonesia should have further legal basis to apply the ECS regime and a utilization plan for its ECS."

"Fokus pada penelitian ini adalah melakukan kajian tekno-ekonomi sistem purifikasi minyaktransformer untuk industri migas lepas pantai. Tantangan yang dihadapi adalah merancangsebuah desain sistem purifikasi yang cocok untuk area operasi yang terbatas, tidakmengganggu operasi (secara online), dan dilakukan tanpa keluar dari pipa / sistemtransformer sesuai dengan regulasi yang berlaku (closed loop). Metodologi yang digunakanpada penelitian ini adalah menggunakan studi literatur penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya,penelusuran pasar, dan data kontrak yang berlaku di industri migas Indonesia. Kajiandiawali dengan melakukan review metode purifikasi yang dapat dilakukan secara onlinedan closed loop terhadap lima (5) metode antara lain: sedimentasi alami, filtrasi, adsorpsi,degassing & dehydration¸dan penambahan zat aditif. Metode-metode purifikasi yangmemenuhi syarat online dan closed loop (yaitu filtrasi, adsorpsi, dan degassing &dehydration) kemudian dikombinasikan menjadi tiga (3) sistem purifikasi dan dievaluasikesesuaiannya terhadap kontaminan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sistem purifikasiyang cocok untuk industri hulu migas lepas pantai Indonesia adalah kombinasi metodefiltrasi (pre-filter dan filter primer) – degassing & dehydration – filtrasi sekunder denganflow rate 10 liter per menit. Sistem yang paling sesuai adalah yang terdiri dari proses prefilterdan filtrasi primer yang memiliki kemampuan penyaringan partikel hinnga 50 mikrondan penurunan tekanan 0,01 MPa, dilanjutkan proses degassing & dehydration beroperasipada tekanan vakum -0,08 MPa gauge dan suhu 65 0C, dan diakhiri dengan filtrasi sekunderdengan spesifikasi filter sama dengan filtrasi pertama. Investasi sistem purifikasi ini cukupmurah dan ekonomis dengan biaya kapital Rp107.305.658,50, nilai IRR 43,33%, NPVRp340.315.914,00, dan payback period selama 2,47 tahun.

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The focus of this research is to conduct techno-economic analysis for investment on

purification system of transformer oil in offshore oil and gas industry. The challenges of the

purification system are the design shall be appropriate for limited space area, no production

disruption (works online), and conducted without discharging from the pipe / transformer

system in accordance with regulations (closed loop). The methodology of this research is

conducting literature study and review to previous researches, market assessment, and

existing contract data which applied in oil & gas industri of Indonesia. The study begins

with a review to purification methods which can be conducted online and closed looply into

five (5) methods which are: natural sedimentation, filtration, adsorption, degassing &

dehydration¸ and the additives. Purification methods that meet the online and closed loop

requirements (which are filtration, adsorption, and degassing & dehydration) are then

combined into three (3) purification systems and evaluated for their contaminant suitability.

This research conclude that the most appropriate purification system is the combination of

filtration (pre-filter & primary filter) – degassing & dehydration – filtration methods with

flow rate 10 liters per minute. The most appropriate system is consisting of pre-filter and

primary filtration process which can filter the partikel up to 50 microns with drop pressure

0.01 MPa, followed by degassing & dehydration process which operated at pressure -0.08

MPa gauge and temperature 65 0C, and finalized by secondary filtration process with the

same specification with primary filter. The purification system investment is quite cheap

and economical with capital expenditure Rp107.305.658,50, IRR value 43,33%, NPV

Rp340.315.914,00, and payback period 2,47 years."

"Fasilitas anjungan lepas pantai yang terletak di Lapangan Alpha merupakan fasilitas yang memiliki risiko tinggi, dan hal tersebut membutuhkan analisis risiko lebih lanjut untuk memastikan pengoperasiannya aman bagi manusia dan lingkungan di sekitarnya. Analisis risiko kuantitatif sulit dipahami oleh beberapa pihak, oleh karena itu perlu dikembangkan dengan pendekatan semi kualitatif dengan metode Risk Based Inspection (RBI). Penelitian ini ingin mendapatkan nilai risiko yang dievaluasi dalam bentuk matriks risiko dengan bantuan perangkat lunak Crystal Ball. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah nilai risiko fasilitas anjungan lepas pantai yang berada pada tingkat yang dapat diterima.

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Offshore platform facility located in the Field Alpha is a facility that has a high risk, and it requires further risk analysis to ensure the operation is safe for humans and the environment around it. Quantitative risk analysis is difficult to understand by some parties, and therefore need to be developed with a semi qualitative approach with Risk Based Inspection (RBI) methods. This study wanted to get the value of the risks evaluated in the risk matrix form with the help of Crystal Ball software. The results of this study is the risk of offshore platform facilities which are at an acceptable level."

"Untuk menggunakan hak-hak berdaulatnya atas landas kontinen ekstensi secara sah, negara pantai harus memperoleh rekomendasi dari Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) dengan cara mengajukan informasi mengenai batas-batas landas kontinen ekstensinya kepada CLCS. Dalam beberapa kasus, submission negara pantai tumpang tindih dengan submission negara pantai lainnya yang berujung pada ditangguhkannya submission. Skripsi ini akan membahas beberapa potensi tumpang tindih submission di Arktik, yang dilakukan dengan penelitian yuridis normatif. Dalam kesimpulannya, penulis menemukan bahwa negara-negara pantai Arktik dapat menyepakati suatu delimitasi sebelum submission atau membuat suatu joint submission untuk menghindari terjadinya tumpang tindih submission di Arktik.

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To legally exercise its sovereign rights over extended continental shelf, coastal State has to obtain recommendation from Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) by submitting information on the limits of its extended continental shelf to the CLCS. In some cases, such submission overlaps with other submission leading to deferred submission. This thesis will address some potential overlapping submissions in the Arctic which is carried out through a normative legal study. In conclusion, researcher finds that Arctic coastal States may agree on delimitation before submission or establish a joint submission to avoid any overlapping submission in the Arctic."

"[ABSTRAKPemeriksaan struktur anjungan lepas pantai berdasarkan risiko didasarkan dari data operasidan lingkungan untuk menentukan tingkat peluang kegagalan dan konsekuensi kegagalansehingga dapat ditentukan tingkat risiko dari masing-masing anjungan lepas pantai. Tingkatrisiko dari anjungan lepas pantai menentukan jadwal, metode dan lingkup dari pemeriksaanbawah air suatu anjungan lepas pantai. Hasil penelitian dari total 65 anjungan lepas pantaiyang dilakukan studi, terdapat diantaranya memiliki tingkat risiko tinggi sebanyak 19anjungan lepas pantai, dan sisanya 46 anjungan lepas pantai memiliki tingkat risiko sedang.Banyaknya jumlah anjungan yang memiliki tingkat risiko sedang hingga tinggi tersebutdipengaruhi dominan oleh kondisi desain. Penerapan pemeriksaan bawah air berdasarkanrisiko juga memberi manfaat penghematan biaya sebesar 67,5 % dibanding pemeriksaanbawah air berdasarkan jangka waktu.ABSTRACTRisk based inspection determined from risk level of offshore platform, risk level developedfrom probability of failure and consequences of failure. Operational and environmentaldatabase from platform are need to identified probability of failure and consequences offailure. Inspection interval, inspection method and scope of inspection for offshore platformunderwater inspection are defined from risk level. The risk evaluation of the 65 platformsshowed that 19 platforms were in high risk and 46 platforms were in medium risk. Platformbaseline (design condition) is the major contribution for high and medium risk of theplatform. The cost evaluation of the underwater inspection program based on risk compareto underwater inspection program based time interval showed the cost saving into 67,5%.;Risk based inspection determined from risk level of offshore platform, risk level developedfrom probability of failure and consequences of failure. Operational and environmentaldatabase from platform are need to identified probability of failure and consequences offailure. Inspection interval, inspection method and scope of inspection for offshore platformunderwater inspection are defined from risk level. The risk evaluation of the 65 platformsshowed that 19 platforms were in high risk and 46 platforms were in medium risk. Platformbaseline (design condition) is the major contribution for high and medium risk of theplatform. The cost evaluation of the underwater inspection program based on risk compareto underwater inspection program based time interval showed the cost saving into 67,5%.;Risk based inspection determined from risk level of offshore platform, risk level developedfrom probability of failure and consequences of failure. Operational and environmentaldatabase from platform are need to identified probability of failure and consequences offailure. Inspection interval, inspection method and scope of inspection for offshore platformunderwater inspection are defined from risk level. The risk evaluation of the 65 platformsshowed that 19 platforms were in high risk and 46 platforms were in medium risk. Platformbaseline (design condition) is the major contribution for high and medium risk of theplatform. The cost evaluation of the underwater inspection program based on risk compareto underwater inspection program based time interval showed the cost saving into 67,5%., Risk based inspection determined from risk level of offshore platform, risk level developedfrom probability of failure and consequences of failure. Operational and environmentaldatabase from platform are need to identified probability of failure and consequences offailure. Inspection interval, inspection method and scope of inspection for offshore platformunderwater inspection are defined from risk level. The risk evaluation of the 65 platformsshowed that 19 platforms were in high risk and 46 platforms were in medium risk. Platformbaseline (design condition) is the major contribution for high and medium risk of theplatform. The cost evaluation of the underwater inspection program based on risk compareto underwater inspection program based time interval showed the cost saving into 67,5%.]"