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"To achieve this goal, the present text concentrates mainly on equilibrium thermodynamics, first, the fundamental ideas of strong interaction thermodynamics are introduced and then the main concepts and methods used in the study of the physics of complex systems are summarized. Subsequently, simplified phenomenological pictures, leading to critical behavior in hadronic matter and to hadron-quark phase transitions are introduced, followed by elements of finite-temperature lattice QCD leading to the important results obtained in computer simulation studies of the lattice approach. Next, the relation of the resulting critical behavior to symmetry breaking/restoration in QCD is clarified before the text turns to the study of the QCD phase diagram. The presentation of bulk equilibrium thermodynamics is completed by studying the properties of the quark-gluon plasma as new state of strongly interacting matter. The final chapters of the book are devoted to more specific topics which arise when nuclear collisions are considered as a tool for the experimental study of QCD thermodynamics."

"This book begins with relativistic quantum mechanics and some quantum field theory which lay the foundation for the rest of the text. The phenomenology and the physics of the fundamental interactions are emphasized through a detailed discussion of the empirical fundamentals of unified theories of strong, electromagnetic, and weak interactions. The principles of local gauge theories are described both in a heuristic and a geometric framework. The minimal standard model of the fundamental interactions is developed in detail and characteristic applications are worked out. Possible signals of physics beyond that model, notably in the physics of neutrinos are also discussed. Among the applications scattering on nucleons and on nuclei provide salient examples. "

"This well-known introductory textbook gives a uniform presentation of nuclear and particle physics from an experimental point of view.The first part, Analysis, is devoted to disentangling the substructure of matter. This part shows that experiments designed to uncover the substructures of nuclei and nucleons have a similar conceptual basis, and lead to the present picture of all matter being constructed from a small number of elementary building blocks and a small number of fundamental interactions.The second part, Synthesis, shows how the elementary particles may be combined to build hadrons and nuclei. The fundamental interactions, which are responsible for the forces in all systems, become less and less evident in increasingly complex systems. Such systems are in fact dominated by many-body phenomena. A section on neutrino oscillations and one on nuclear matter at high temperatures bridge the field of nuclear and particle physics and modem astrophysics and cosmology.The seventh revised and extended edition includes new material, in particular the experimental verification of the Higgs particle at the LHC, recent results in neutrino physics, the violation of CP-symmetry in the decay of neutral B-mesons, the experimental investigations of the nucleon's spin structure and outstanding results of the HERA experiments in deep-inelastic electron- and positron-proton scattering. The concise text is based on lectures held at the University of Heidelberg and includes numerous exercises with worked answers. It has been translated into several languages and has become a standard reference for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses."

"This thesis describes one of the first measurements made at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider, the world's largest and highest-energy particle collider. The method of analysis described in the first part is applied to the first CMS collision data collected after the LHC startup in 2010 and leads to the first experimental result for the inclusive b cross section using semileptonic decays at a center of mass energy of 7 TeV. The second part of the thesis describes the building and testing of the barrel pixel detector."

"Partikel paling dasar yang diketahui dengan baik adalah elektron, namun saat ini sudah ditemukan yang lebih dasar (fundamental) dari pada elektro yaitu sebuah quarks. Fenomena quarks sudah ditemukan keberadaannya melalui eksperimen dengan menggunakan particle accelerator maupun sudah dibuktikan kebenarannya secara matematis oleh persamaan Dirac dan dibantu dengan sebuah sistem priodik baru untuk partikel dasar yaitu eighfold way. Dalam riset ini akan dilakukan pembahasan tentang fenomena energi pada quarks sebagai dasar disain dan simulasi suatu model nuclei p-n junction untuk menunjukkan kebenaran akan disain ini. Selain energi yang bekerja pada quarks juga akan dijelaskan secara singkat mengenai sumber energi lain yang ada. Sumber energi yang lain tersebut mempunyai sifat yang berbeda namun berakhir pada tujuan yang sama. Fenomena ini dinamakan sebagai Grand Unification Force. Fenomena utama dari ditemukannya guarks adalah energi yang berupa strong force. Dengan adanya energi strong force ini, dapat dibuat suatu perancangan model atom yang memiliki karakteristik seperti semikonduktor ekstrinsik tipe-p maupun tipe-n. Untuk mewujudkan disain tersebut, diperlukan energi yang telah dijelaskan melalui fenomena quarks. Atom yang dapat berubah menjadi seperti divais semikonduktor ekstrinsik tipe-p dan tipe-n oleh karena struktur nuclei yang berubah, sehingga mempengaruhi atom khususnya melalui elektronnya. Pengubahan nuclei ini diperlukan suatu partikel dasar yang hanya dapat berkaitan dengan si nuclei dan ikatan tersebut sangat kuat. Model divais ini menunjukkan tingkat konsentrasi ""doping"" yang sangat tinggi. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan adanya fenomena yang sama seperti pada p-n junction divais semikonduktor ekstrinsik. Fenomena tersebut adalah fenomena bentuknya depletion region, fenomena forward bias, dan fenomena reverse bias. Berdasarkan fenomena yang sama, divais ini dapat memberikan karakteristik yang sama dengan performa yang lebih baik dan ukuran divais yang lebih kecil."