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"Iron physiology and pathophysiology in humans provides health professionals in many areas of research and practice with the most up-to-date and well-referenced volume on the importance of iron as a nutrient and its role in health and disease. This important new volume is the benchmark in the complex area of interrelationships between the essentiality of iron, its functions throughout the body, including its critical role in erythropoiesis, the biochemistry and clinical relevance of iron-containing enzymes and other molecules involved in iron absorption, transport and metabolism, he importance of optimal iron status on immune function, and links between iron and the liver, heart, brain and other organs. Moreover, the interactions between genetic and environmental factors and the numerous co-morbidities seen with both iron deficiency and iron overload in at risk populations are clearly delineated so that students as well as practitioners can better understand the complexities of these interactions.Key features of the volume include an in-depth index and recommendations and practice guidelines are included in relevant chapters. The volume contains more than 100 detailed tables and informative figures and up-to-date references that provide the reader with excellent sources of information about the critical role of iron nutrition, optimal iron status and the adverse clinical consequences of altered iron homeostasis. "

"ABSTRAKZat besi dapat mempengaruhi berat badan dan perkembangan bayi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar zat besi dengan berat badan pada bayi usia 8-10 bulan di Jakarta Pusat. Metode: Studi cross-sectional digunakan pada 75 bayi yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Kadar zat besi diukur menggunakan metode LC-MS/MS Liquid Chromatography ndash; Tandem Mass Spectometry , sedangkan berat badan menggunakan penilaian klinis oleh tenaga terlatih dengan timbangan badan elektronik dengan akurasi 10g. Data dianalisis normalitasnya dengan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan korelasinya dengan uji Spearman. Hasil: Hasil menunjukan tidak terdapat korelasi bermakna antara kadar zat besi dan berat badan bayi 8-10 bulan di Jakarta Pusat p=0,483 . Diskusi: Disimpulkan bahwa hubungan antara kadar zat besi dengan berat badan pada bayi usia 8-10 bulan di Jakarta Pusat bernilai positif, namun secara statistik tidak bermakna.

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ABSTRACTIron can affect the body weight of infants and their development. Objective This research is intended to analyze the correlation between level of iron and body weight in infant aged 8 10 months in Central Jakarta. Method A cross sectional study was conducted in 75 infants that fulfills the criteria for this research. The level of iron was measured by using LC MS MS Liquid Chromatography ndash Tandem Mass Spectrometry method, while the body weight was measured by a trained clinician with an electronic scale. The scale has an accuracy of 10 g. Afterwards the data was analyzed for normality by using Kolmogorov Smirnov test and tested for correlation through Spearman test. Result There is no significant correlation between level of iron and body weight of infants aged 8 10 months in Central Jakarta p 0.483 . Discussion In conclusion, there is a positive relationship between the level of iron and body weight in infant aged 8 10 months in Central Jakarta, however there is no significant relationship. "

"Kelainan metabolisme besi dapat terjadi akibat gangguan sintesis heme dan globin. Gangguan sintesis heme dijumpai pada defisiensi besi, anemia penyakit menahun dan anemia sideroblastik. Gangguan sintesis rantai globin dikenal sebagai hemoglobinopati terdiri dari thalassemia dan hemoglobin varian. Defisiensi besi dibedakan menjadi defisiensi besi tahap I, ii, Ilia dan l1ib. Pada defisiensi besi tahap I dan 11 belum dijumpai anemia, sedangkan tahap III a dan b telah dijumpai anemia. Diagnosis kelainan metabolisme besi dilakukan dengan perneriksaan hematologi, status besi tubuh, analisis hemoglobin dan menemukan ringed sideroblast di sum-sum tulang. Pada kasus campuran thalassemia E3 heterozigot dengan anemia defisiensi besi, anaiisis hemoglobin dilakukan setelah perbaikan status besi tubuh untuk mencegah rendah palsu kadar Hb A2 dan F. Besi berperan panting di Susunan Saraf Pusat (SSP) diantaranya untuk mileinisasi saraf, neurotransmiter dan metabolisme katekolamin. Pada penelitian ini dari 150 subyek diperoleh proporsi kelainan metabolisme besi sebesar 94'%. Kelainan metabolisme besi yang diperoleh terdiri dari defisiensi besi tahap I, II, Isla dan IIIb, anemia penyakit menahun, thalassemia 8 heterozigot, kemungkinan thalassemia a 1 atau 2 gen delesi, penyakit Hb H, HPF thalassemia heterozigot ganda serta campuran kelainan tersebut. Kelainan metabolisme besi dibedakan menjadi kelainan metabolisme besi disertai anemia (80.14%) dan tanpa anemia (19.85%). Proporsi hemoglobinopati (39.71%) dan campuran hemoglobinopati dengan defisiensi besi (39%) merupakan kelainan metabolisme besi terbanyak dibandingkan defisiensi besi (19.85%). Pada penelitian ini diperoleh prestasi belajar buruk secara bermakna pada kasus defisiensi besi (p<0.05) dibandingkan dengan kasus bukan defisiensi besi, tErutama pada mata pelajaran matematika dan bahasa Indonesia. Oleh karena proporsi hemoglobinopati yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan defisiensi besi, disarankan untuk diadakan tindak lanjut oleh dinas kesehatan setempat untuk mencegah peningkatan kasus hemoglobinopati homozigot atau heterozigot ganda. Untuk kasus defisiensi besi dilakukan pemeriksaan lanjutan guna mencari penyebab.

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Iron metabolism disorder may caused by defects of heme or globin synthesis. Defect of heme synthesis includes iron deficiency, anemia of chronic disease and siderobistic anemia. Defect of giobin synthesis are called hemoglobinopathies. Hemoglobinopathies may include either thalassemias or hemoglobin variants. Iron deficiency is classified into stage I, stage II, stage ill a and Ilib. Anemia is found in iron deficiency stage llla and 111b_ Diagnosis of iron metabolism disorder were done by hematology examination, iron status, hemoglobin analysis and bone marrow ringed sideroblast. In thalassemia R heterozygote patients with Iron deficiency anemia before hemoglobin analysis, iron status must be corrected to prevent falsey low Hb A2 and F levels. In the central nervous system iron are utilized in myelinisation, neurotransmitter and catecolamine metabolism. In this study on 150 subjects, proportion of iron metabolism disorder was 94%. Iron metabolism disorder were classified into iron deficiency stage I, II, Illa and illb, anemia of chronic disease, thalassemia 13 heterozygote, suspected of thalassemia a 1 or 2 gene deletion and mixed case between iron metabolism disorder. iron metabolism disorder was divided into anemia (80.14%) and non anemia (19.85%). Hemoglobinopathies (39.71%), mixed case between hemoglobinopathies and iron deficiency (39%) comprises biggest proportion compared with iron deficiency (19.85%).This study also found that iron deficiency subjects had significantly worse academic achievement (p<0.05) compared with non iron deficiency subjects especially in math and. bahasa Indonesia. As the proportion of hemoglobinopathies was higher than iron deficiency, we suggest that the district heatlh department to take action to prevent the increase in the prevalence of homozygous or compound heterozygous hemoglobinopathies. For iron deficiency cases, further investigation is needed to find causes of iron deficiency."

"This book offers a comprehensive analysis of irons’ various roles in the plant-microbial associations. The introductory chapter stresses the essentiality of iron in biological systems. The second chapter surveys the abundance of information on iron’s pivotal role in microbial plant pathogenesis and defence. Finally, the third chapter reviews the advances in our understanding of iron metabolism in the rhizobia, soil bacteria able to establish a symbiotic association with legumes and carry out nitrogen fixation. "

"Penelitian ini mencoba meneliti hubungan masing-masing status besi yang terdiri dari hematokrit, hemoglobin, local iron binding capacity, serum iron, feritin dan saturasi transfer in dan faktor-faklor lain yaitu ketekunan, percaya diri, privat les dan menonton televisi dengan prestasi belajar siswa. Prestasi belajar diukur dari nilai rata-rata raport cawu I dan cawu II siswa-siswa kelas I angkatan tahun 1997/1998 SMUK II BPK Pcnabur Jakarta Pusat yang prestasinya bermasalah dan banyak yang kurang dibandingkan dengan Si\IUK lain di Jakarta.Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapat informasi apakah ada hubungan antara status besi dan faktor-faklor lain yang telah disebutkan di atas dengan prestasi belajar siswa. Hal ini akan bermanfaat dalam memberikan bantuann bagi siswa-siswi yang bermasalah dalam prestasi belajarnya dengan mempeibaiki status besi.Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel sccara acak dari siswa-siswa yang bersedia diamibil darah dan mendapat izin orang lta. Jumlah sanipel 99 orang terdiri dari 38 siswi dan 61 siswa yang berusia antara 15-18 tahun. Analisis menggunakan regresi linear ganda.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif antara kadar Hb dcngan prestasi belajar walaupun tidak bermakna.Kesimpulan:Model terakhir yang didapat dari analisis multivariat adalah : Y - 5,8 + 0.03 Hb - 0,48 sexMemperhatikan model tersebut hemoglobin dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai diagnosa prestasi belajar rendah, dimana setiap kenaikan kadar Hb 1 unit, prestasi belajar hanya bisa ditingkatkan 0 ,03.

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This study tries to examine correlation among iron status respectively a.o. hematocrit, haemoglobin. total iron binding capacity, serum iron, feritin, transferin saturation and the other factors a.o. tenacity. self confidence, lesson privat and television watching with student educational achievement. Educational achievement are measured from mean value report of caw u 1 and cawu II of the first class SMUK II BPK Penabur Jakarta which have the lowest achievement compare with other SMUK BPK Penabur in Jakarta.The aim of the study to get information about the correlation among iron status and other factors which was described above. The result will help the student who have problem of achievement by reparing iron status.Study design is cross-sectional , total sample are 99 people : 38 girls and 61 boys. Range of age between 15 - 18 years old. The sample used simple random sampling from the student who were willing to donate blood for iron status lest. Statistic analysis used multiple linear regression.The result showed that correlation between hemoglobin and educational achievement was positif but not significantConclusion :Multiple regression model is as followedY - 5,8 + 0.03 Hb - 0,48 sexwhich means that haemoglobin could he considered lo be used tool for diagnose educational achievement only 1 unit increased of haemoglobin for an increase of 0,03 unit of achievement."

"ABSTRAKDefisiensi besi menganggu proses eritropoiesis sehingga dapat berlanjut menjadi anemia defisiensi besi. Defisiensi besi dan anemia didefinisikan berdasarkan indikator status besi, berupa parameter hematologi dan biomarka darah, yaitu hemoglobin, hematokrit, ferritin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, dan retikulosit. Salah satu faktor penyebab terjadinya defisiensi besi pada ibu hamil adalah kurangnya asupan zat besi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan zat besi dan status besi ibu hamil trimester 1 yang diukur melalui kadar hemoglobin, hematokrit, ferritin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, dan retikulosit. Rancangan penelitian adalah potong-lintang pada trimester 1 kehamilan. Asupan zat besi diukur menggunakan metode food frequency questionnaire dan 24 hour recall. Uji korelasi Spearman digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan kedua variabel. Terdapat 120 sampel ibu hamil, 53,3 berpendidikan tinggi, 58,3 bekerja, dan median usia 28 tahun. Nilai median asupan zat besi pada seluruh sampel adalah 10,64 mg. Sebanyak 86,67 sampel tidak memenuhi kecukupan asupan zat besi pada ibu hamil trimester 1 berdasarkan AKG 26 mg/hari. Sebanyak 8,33 sampel mengalami anemia Hb0,05 . Disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan zat besi dan status besi ibu hamil pada trimester 1.

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ABSTRACTIron deficiency disrupts erythropoiesis process that leads to iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency and anemia are defined by iron status indicator, in the form of hematological parameters and blood biomarkers, such as hemoglobin, hematocrite, ferritin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and reticulocyte count. One of the factors causing iron deficiency in pregnant women is inadequate iron intake. This research aims to assess the relationship between iron dietary intake and iron status of pregnant women in 1st trimester. Iron status is measured by the value of hemoglobin, hematocrite, ferritin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and reticulocyte. This research implemented a cross sectional design during the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Iron dietary intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire and 24 hour recall. Spearman correlation analysis was used to identify the relationship between the two variables. There were 120 samples of pregnant women, 53.3 were high educated, 58.3 were employed, with the age median of 28 years old. The median of iron dietary intake is 10.64 mg, with 86.67 of samples did not meet the Recommended Dietary Allowance of 26 mg. There were 8,33 of pregnant women with anemia Hb0.05 . It was concluded that iron dietary intake is not related to iron status of pregnant women in 1st trimester."

"ABSTRAKPubertas terlambat merupakan salah satu komplikasi utama pada pasien thalassemia mayor. Penyebab utama pubertas terlambat pada pasien thalassemia mayor adalah penumpukan besi pada kelenjar hipofisis. Selain itu, anemia kronis pada pasien thalassemia mayor juga dapat menyebabkan pubertas terlambat. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara profil besi dan kadar hemoglobin pra-transfusi dengan status pubertas pasien thalassemia mayor remaja di Pusat Thalassemia RSCM. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional yang melibatkan 47 pasien thalassemia mayor dengan rentang usia 13-18 tahun untuk pasien perempuan dan 14-18 tahun untuk pasien lelaki di Pusat Thalassemia RSCM. Profil besi subjek ditentukan dari kadar feritin serum dan saturasi transferin subjek. Status pubertas subjek ditentukan berdasarkan Tanner Staging. Hasil & Diksusi: Berdasarkan kadar feritin serum, terdapat 47 (100%) subjek yang mengalami kelebihan besi, dengan 35 (75%) diantaranya mengalami kelebihan besi berat. Nilai median feritin serum subjek adalah 3645 (1415-12636) ng/mL. Berdasarkan saturasi transferin, sebesar 36 (77%) subjek mengalami kelebihan besi, dengan nilai median saturasi transferin sebesar 85 (28-100)%. Terdapat 42 (89%) subjek yang mengalami anemia, dengan nilai median kadar hemoglobin pra-transfusi sebesar 8,0 (4,8-9,5) g/dL. Pubertas terlambat ditemukan pada delapan (17%) subjek. Secara statistik, tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara feritin serum dengan status pubertas (p = 0,183), saturasi transferin dengan status pubertas (p = 0,650), dan kadar hemoglobin pra-transfusi dengan status pubertas (p = 0,932). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, profil besi dan kadar hemoglobin pra-transfusi tidak berhubungan dengan status pubertas pasien thalassemia mayor remaja di Pusat Thalassemia RSCM.

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ABSTRAKIntroduction Delayed puberty is a major complication in thalassemia major patients. Delayed puberty occurs due to accumulation of iron in the pituitary gland. In addition, chronic anemia in thalassemia major patients can cause delayed puberty.Objectives This study aims to find the association between iron profile and pre transfusion hemoglobin level with pubertal status in adolescent thalassemia major patients in Thalassemia Centre RSCM.Methods This was a cross sectional study that involved 47 thalassemia major patients aged 13 to 18 years for female patients and 14 to 18 years for male patients in Thalassemia Centre RSCM. Iron profile was determined from serum ferritin level and transferrin saturation. Pubertal status was determined by Tanner Staging.Results Discussion Based on serum ferritin level, 47 100 subjects had iron overload, in which 35 75 subjects had severe iron overload. The median of serum ferritin level was 3645 1415 12636 ng mL. Based on transferrin saturation, 36 77 subjects had iron overload. The median of transferrin saturation was 85 28 100 . Forty two 89 subjects were found anemic. The median of pre transfusion hemoglobin level was 8,0 4,8 9,5 g dL. Delayed puberty occurred in eight 17 subjects. Statistically, no significant associations were found between serum ferritin level and pubertal status p 0.183 , transferrin saturation and pubertal status p 0.650 and pre transfusion hemoglobin level and pubertal status p 0,932 . Based on the results, iron profile and pre transfusion hemoglobin level are not associated with pubertal status in adolescent thalassemia major patients in Thalassemia Centre RSCM."

"For this book the editors have recruited distinguished colleagues in the field to summarize and review important biological, pharmacological and medical functions and their implications, as well as methods for the detection of gasotransmitters."

"ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberianfortifikan NaFeEDTA dalam tepung tempe terhadap kadar zat besi plasma darah tikus(Rattus norvegicus L.) jantan galur Sprague-Dawley. Metode penelitianmenggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), terdiri atas 25 ekor tikus putihjantan yang dibagi ke dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kelompok kontrol normal(KK1) yang hanya diberikan CMC 0,5%, kelompok kontrol perlakuan (KK2) yangdiberikan suspensi tepung tempe tanpa fortifikan dan kelompok perlakuan 1, 2, 3(KP1, KP2 dan KP3) yang diberikan suspensi tepung tempe dengan fortifikanNaFeEDTA dosis 1,35 mgFe/ kgBB, 2,7 mgFe/ kg BB, dan 5,4 mgFe/ kgBB.Pemberian bahan tersebut dilakukan secara oral selama 21 hari berturut- turut.Pengambilan darah dilakukan pada hari ke-0 dan setelah perlakuan hari ke-21. KadarFe diukur dengan AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). Hasil uji anava satuarah dan LSD (P < 0,05) terhadap sampel menunjukkan terdapatnya perbedaan nyatapemberian fortifikan NaFeEDTA dalam tepung tempe terhadap kadar zat besi selama21 hari. Peningkatan kadar zat besi tertinggi akhir penelitian (t21) terjadi pada KP 3,yaitu sebesar 27,40% terhadap KK1 dan 24,38% terhadap KK2.

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ABSTRACTThe study has been conducted to know the effect of fortificant NaFeEDTAadministration on tempeh flour to the plasma iron concentration of male rats (Rattus norvegicus L.). Twenty five male rats were divided to five groups consisting of normal control group (KK1) which was administered with CMC 0,5%; treatment control group (KK2) which was administered with tempeh flour without fortificant; and three treatment groups which were administered with tempeh flour and fortificant NaFeEDTA with different doses; 1,35 mgFe/KgBw (KP 1); 2,7 mgFe/KgBw (KP 2); and 5,4 mgFe/KgBw (KP 3). Treatments were carried out orally within 21""consecutive days. Blood is tested before treatment (t0) and after 21 days of treatment (t21). The plasma iron concentrations were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Result was statistically tested with SPSS. One-way anova test (P < 0,05) and post hoc LSD test (P <0,005) showed that adding fortificant NaFeEDTA is giving a differences iron concentrations at blood levels of rats from the first day until last day of treatments. Increased iron levels are highest in the KP3 at day 21, which increased 27.40 % compared with KK 1 and 24,38% compared with KK 2."

"ABSTRAKAsupan zat besi yang tidak adekuat merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya anemia defisiensi besi. Skripsi ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain studi cross sectional yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan asupan zat besi. Pada penelitian ini melibatkan responden sebanyak 189 siswi SMA Negeri 5 Depok. Pengumpulan data asupan zat besi melalui wawancara food recall 3x24 jam. Data dianalisis secara bivariat menggunakan uji t-independen dan regresi korelasi linier, sedangkan secara multivariat dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi linier ganda. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan asupan zat besi yang signifikan berdasarkan pengetahuan gizi, konsumsi suplemen zat besi, persepsi citra tubuh, dan keterpaparan media massa. Pengetahuan gizi yang cukup, konsumsi suplemen zat besi, persepsi citra tubuh positif, dan peran keterpaparan media massa akan meningkatkan asupan zat besi.

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ABSTRAKInadequate iron intake was a risk factor for iron deficiency anemia. This research used cross sectional design that aims to identify factors relation to iron intake. The study was conducted on 189 female students Senior High School 5. Iron intake was measured by 3x24 hours food recall. The data was bivariate analyzed by t-independent test and regression linier test, and multivariate analyzed by double regression linier test. Bivariate analyzes showed that there was significant difference of iron intake based on nutrition knowledge, iron supplement consumption, body image, and role of mass media. Good nutrition knowledge, iron supplement consumption, positive body image, and role of mass media sufficient to improve iron intake."