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"In Japan around 100,000 working carers leave their jobs each year. While long-term care leave was legislated in 1995 with the aim of ensuring that working carers do not leave their jobs, few workers use such leave. The Japanese government has addressed this problem in 2016 by proposing amendments to the Child Care and Family Care Leave Act to allow workers to take care leave more flexibly. Focusing on another aspect of combining work and care, this paper addresses the possibility that workers who remain in their jobs may suffer from the effects of having to combine work with providing care. Although fatigue among carers has been raised as a problem in the context of issues that arise outside the workplace, such as abuse or murder of care receivers or suicide among carers, the effects that fatigue may have on carers’ work is rarely a topic of discussion. The results of our original data analysis show that physical fatigue due to providing care while working full time raises the risk of having an accident while at work and failing to meet work quotas. It is therefore crucial to consider means of ensuring that working carers who come to the office as usual are able to maintain their health and work performance."

"In Japan around 100,000 working carers leave their jobs each year. While long-term care leave was legislated in 1995 with the aim of ensuring that working carers do not leave their jobs, few workers use such leave. The Japanese government has addressed this problem in 2016 by proposing amendments to the Child Care and Family Care Leave Act to allow workers to take care leave more flexibly. Focusing on another aspect of combining work and care, this paper addresses the possibility that workers who remain in their jobs may suffer from the effects of having to combine work with providing care. Although fatigue among carers has been raised as a problem in the context of issues that arise outside the workplace, such as abuse or murder of care receivers or suicide among carers, the effects that fatigue may have on carers’ work is rarely a topic of discussion. The results of our original data analysis show that physical fatigue due to providing care while working full time raises the risk of having an accident while at work and failing to meet work quotas. It is therefore crucial to consider means of ensuring that working carers who come to the office as usual are able to maintain their health and work performance."

"Norma sosial yang menuntut ibu untuk memegang tanggung jawab terbesar dalam pekerjaan domestik membuat ibu menghadapi trade-off antara bekerja dan memiliki anak. Namun, trade-off ini menurun seiring bertambahnya usia anak. Melihat fenomena tersebut, studi ini bertujuan untuk menawarkan perspektif baru tentang transisi kerja ibu menikah di Indonesia menurut siklus hidup anak, terutama saat terjadinya penurunan beban childcare, sesudah anak melewati usia dini. Dengan menggunakan data Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 4 dan 5, studi ini mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang membuat ibu bersedia mengambil trade-off bekerja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usia anak berpengaruh positif terhadap keputusan ibu berpindah dari sektor informal ke formal, tetapi usia ibu yang lebih berperan dalam menentukan keputusan ibu kembali bekerja dengan efek U terbalik. Ibu yang tinggal di wilayah perkotaan atau di Pulau Jawa berkemungkinan lebih tinggi untuk bekerja di sektor formal, sementara ibu yang suaminya pekerja informal berkemungkinan lebih tinggi untuk bekerja di sektor informal. Studi ini juga menemukan bahwa homogami pendidikan berpengaruh negatif terhadap kemungkinan ibu kembali bekerja ketika ibu dan suaminya sama-sama berpendidikan tinggi.

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The existing social norms demand mothers to hold the highest responsibility for domestic work, leading to a trade-off between working and having children. However, this trade-off declines as the children age. This study aims to offer a new perspective on the married mothers’ working transition in Indonesia, based on the children’s life cycle, focusing on the period where the childcare burden has lessened, which is after children passed early age. Using the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 4 and 5 data, this study explores the factors that drive mothers’ willingness to take the working trade-off. The result of this study shows that children’s age has a positive effect on the decision to change employment from informal to formal, but the decision to return working is more determined by mothers’ own age with an inverted-U effect. Mother that lives in the urban area or in Java Island is more likely to work in the formal sector, while mother whose husband works informally is more likely to work in the informal sector. This study also finds that educational homogamy negatively affects mother’s likelihood to return to work when she and her husband are both highly educated."

"Gangguan tingkah laku merupakan masalah mental dan perilaku yang umum diketahui sebagai kenakalan pada remaja. Risikonya meningkat pada remaja yang mengurus diri sendiri (self-care adolescents). Walaupun situasi tersebut juga merupakan adaptasi bagi orang tua bekerja dan perkembangan autonomi remaja, penurunan pengawasan orang tua memicu peningkatan risiko masalah ini. Penelitian dilakukan pada 154 remaja usia 11-17 tahun yang kedua orang tuanya bekerja untuk mengetahui hubungan komunikasi orang tua bekerja dan gangguan tingkah laku pada self-care adolescents. Desain penelitian cross-sectional menggunakan instrumen Parent-Adolescents Communication Scale dan Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Analisis korelasi Pearson menunjukkan komunikasi orang tua-remaja berhubungan signifikan negatif dengan gangguan tingkah laku pada self-care adolescents (p <0,05). Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perawat dan orang tua untuk bekerja sama menyusun program sepulang sekolah dalam pencegahan gangguan tingkah laku pada remaja.

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Conduct disorder is a mental and behavioral problem often perceived as delinquency in adolescents. Adolescents who practice self-care are vulnerable to this problem. Although this could be an adaptation option for dual-earner families and the adolescent’s development of autonomy, less parental supervision raises the risk of this issue. This study was conducted on 154 adolescents aged 11-17 years whose parents both work to find the relationship between working parents' communication and conduct problems in self-care adolescents. The cross-sectional research design used the Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Pearson correlation analysis showed that parent-adolescent communication is significantly and negatively associated with conduct problems in self-care adolescents (p <0.05). This study recommends that nurses and parents collaborate to arrange an after-school program to prevent the conduct problems in adolescents."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai gambaran work-family conflict yang dialami ibu bekerja di PT. X sumber serta bentuk dukungan sosial yang mereka peroleh dalam mengatasi work-family conflict. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa ibu bekerja di PT. X menghadapi work-family conflict berbasis waktu seperti banyaknya waktu yang dihabiskan dalam pekerjaan mengurangi waktu ibu bekerja dengan keluarganya dan berbasis tekanan seperti tuntutan pekerjaan dari atasan yang membuat ibu bekerja merasa tertekan maupun konflik dalam keluarga yang memberikan tekanan dan stres kepada ibu bekerja yang berdampak pada dirinya sendiri, keluarga, dan pekerjaannya. Dalam mengatasi konflik tersebut, ibu bekerja melakukan upaya yang bersumber dari dirinya sendiri, mendapatkan dukungan sosial baik dari keluarga seperti orang tua, suami, kerabat, asisten rumah tangga, teman dan perusahaan. Dukungan sosial yang diterima ibu bekerja yaitu dalam bentuk dukungan emosional berupa kata-kata positif, dukungan informasi terkait anak, dukungan persahabatan berupa ketersediaan teman yang menghabiskan waktu bersama, dan dukungan berwujud berupa bantuan mengasuh anak, finansial, mengerjakan pekerjaan, fasilitas perusahaan, serta fleksibilitas waktu bekerja. Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar ibu bekerja meningkatkan komunikasi dan waktu berkualitas dengan keluarganya serta saling menerapkan active listening antar anggota keluarga. Selain itu, perusahaan terutama atasan juga dapat meningkatkan kesadaran dan fasilitas untuk membantu permasalahan ibu bekerja.

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This study discusses the description of work-family conflict experienced along with the sources and forms of social support received by working mothers at Company X in overcoming work-family conflicts. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. The results of this study explain that working mothers at PT. X face time-based work-family conflict, such as the amount of time spent in work reduces the time to spend with with her family and time-based conflict, such as work demands by managers that make working mothers feel depressed or conflicts in the family that give pressure and stress to working mothers which have an impact to herself, her family, and her work. In overcoming this conflict, working mothers make several efforts to overcome them, namely those that come from themselves, get social support from families such as parents, husbands, relatives, household assistants, friends, and companies. The social support received by working mothers is in the form of emotional support such as positive words and motivation, informational support related to children, companionship support in the form of friends to spend time together, and tangible support in the form of childcare assistance, financial assistance, doing work, company facilities, as well as flexibility in working time."

"ABSTRAKPertanian perkotaan Tanaman Obat Keluarga TOGA belum dikembangkan secara optimal oleh warga Jakarta, meskipun dapat memberikan manfaat ekonomi, sosial dan lingkungan. Pengembangan pertanian perkotaan TOGA dapat meningkatkan produktivitas lingkungan perkotaan dan menuju kota yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik pertanian perkotaan TOGA di Jakarta, menganalisis pengaruh pertanian perkotaan TOGA untuk meningkatkan ekonomi keluarga di Jakarta, menganalisis status keberlanjutan pertanian perkotaan TOGA di Jakarta, dan menyusun model dinamis pertanian perkotaan TOGA berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif, Multi Dimensional Scaling MDS , dan system dynamics. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1 Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan karakteristik pertanian perkotaan TOGA di kelima wilayah kota administrasi di Jakarta. Kegiatan pertanian perkotaan TOGA di Jakarta dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan lahan pekarangan sempit, dilakukan oleh sebagian besar perempuan, menanam TOGA kurang dari 10 sepuluh jenis tanaman per rumah, menggunakan pupuk organik, tanpa pestisida, serta hasil TOGA dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan sendiri; 2 . Kegiatan pertanian perkotaan TOGA tidak mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan untuk meningkatkan ekonomi keluarga di Jakarta, namun pemanfaatan hasil TOGA dapat memberikan dampak tidak langsung berupa penghematan biaya kesehatan keluarga, serta dampak langsung terhadap kualitas kesehatan keluarga dan lingkungan; 3 . Status keberlanjutan pertanian perkotaan TOGA di Jakarta cukup berkelanjutan; 4 . Model dinamis pertanian perkotaan berkelanjutan yang dibangun menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan pertanian perkotaan TOGA di Jakarta akan berkelanjutan bila dilakukan intervensi teknologi pemanfaatan ruang dan teknologi pengolahan sampah dan limbah cair rumah tangga.

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ABSTRACTUrban agriculture of medicinal plants for family health care TOGA has not been developed optimally by Jakarta residents, although it can provide economic, social, and environmental benefits. The development of TOGA urban agriculture can increase the productivity of urban environments and towards sustainable cities. This study aims to identify the characteristics of TOGA urban agriculture in Jakarta, analyze the effects of TOGA urban agriculture in improving the family economy in Jakarta, analyze the sustainability status of TOGA urban agriculture in Jakarta, and develop dynamic model of sustainable TOGA urban agriculture. This research uses quantitative approach with analytical method: quantitative descriptive analysis, multi dimensional scaling MDS , and system dynamic. The results of this study are: 1 There is no significant difference in the characteristics of TOGA urban agriculture in the five administrative municipalities in Jakarta. TOGA urban agriculture activity in Jakarta utilize narror garden/yard area, done by most women, planting TOGA less than 10 ten types per household, using organic fertilizer, without pesticide, and used for self-interest; 2 . TOGA urban agriculture does not have a significant relationship in improving the family economy in Jakarta, but the utilization of TOGA results can have an indirect impact of family health cost savings, as well as the direct impact on family health and environmental quality; 3 . The status of sustainability of TOGA urban agriculture in Jakarta is enough sustainable; 4 . The dynamic model of TOGA urban agriculture will be sustainable if interventions that increase TOGA productivity such as space utilization technology and household waste processing technology were applied."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan apakah work-family conflict work interfering with family/ WIF maupun family interfering with work/ FIW dan kepuasan kerja berhubungan secara negatif dan apakah family supportive supervisor behavior dapat berperan sebagai moderator untuk melemahkan hubungan negatif di antara work-family conflict WIF maupun FIW dan kepuasan kerja.Tipe penelitian ini ialah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional. Penelitian dilakukan kepada 205 ibu bekerja dengan menyebarkan kuesioner offline dan kuesioner online. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur tiga variabel penelitian, yaitu Work-Family Conflict Scale WFCS untuk mengukur work-family conflict, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire MSQ short-form untuk mengukur kepuasan kerja, dan Family Supportive Supervisor Behavior Scale untuk mengukur family supportive supervisor behavior.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa work-family conflict berhubungan secara negatif dan signifikan dengan kepuasan kerja work interfering with family, ? = -0.32, p < 0.05 dan family interfering with work, ? = -0.29, p < 0.05 . Akan tetapi, penelitian ini belum berhasil membuktikan peran moderasi family supportive supervisor behavior untuk melemahkan hubungan negatif antara work interfering with family maupun family interfering dan kepuasan kerja secara signifikan.

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The aim of this study were to prove whether work family conflict work interfering with family WIF and family interfering with work FIW negatively related to job satisfaction and whether family supportive supervisor behavior as a moderator, could weaken negative relationship between work family conflict WIF and FIW and job satisfaction.

Type of this research was quantitative research with cross sectional design and conducted on 205 working mothers via offline and online questionnaire. There were three instruments to measure three variables, such as WFCS to measure work family conflict, MSQ SF to measure job satisfaction, and FSSB Scale to measure Family Supportive Supervisor Behavior.

This research has proven successfully that work family conflict WIF and FIW related negatively and significantly with job satisfaction work interfering with family 0.32, p 0.05 and family interfering with work 0.29, p 0.05. However, this research has not proven moderating role of family supportive supervisor behavior significantly to weaken negative relationship between work interfering with family nor family interfering with work and job satisfaction."