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"Objective: to determine the daylong effect of Antiplaque toothpaste active compound and the effect of tooth brushing or combination of tooth brushing and tongue cleaning on Volatile Sulphur Compounds (VSC) levels. Methods: Clinical experimental double blinded microbiological and clinical oral examination. Subjects mainly from dental faculty student with or without a chief complain of halitosis. One hundred and twenty subjects were divided into four groups that consist thirty samples each group. Two group are treatment groups using Antiplaque toothpaste and two groups are control groups using placebo toothpaste. The daylong effects of VSC levels are measured by Halimeter and organoleptic. The intra oral status were measured including periodontal status and tongue index, result: There are a reducton of VSC levels in booth treatment and control group, but the reduction only significant in group using Antiplaque toothpaste (Willcoxon signed rank test, p<0,05). There are a reduction of VSC levels in both treatment using Antiplaque toothpaste, but the combination of tooth brushing and tongue cleaning reduced VSC levels significantly lower than tooth brushing treatment (Mann Whitney U test, p< 0,05). COnclusion: Tooth brushing and combination of toothbrushing and tongue cleaning using Antiplaque toothpaste significantly reduced VSC levels."

"Halitosis, complained by most adult population, is a common oral condition. About 85% of the cases happened because of the microbial activity in the oral cavity that produces Volatile Sulphur Compound (VSC) which has unpleasant odour. Daily oral prophylaxis can reduce the oral VSC levels. Objective: to determine the daylong effect of Antiplaque toothpaste in daily oral prophylaxis: as dentifrice for tooth brushing and, in modified way, as oral rinse; on the VSC level. Methods: a double blind, clinical experimental study, involving 120 subjects with or without halitosis complain, divided in 2 treatment groups (oral rinse group and the combination of tooth brushing and oral rinse group, using Antiplaque toothpaste) and 2 control groups (same procedure using placebo toothpaste). The daylong VSC levels measured with halimeter were taken twice, in the afternoon of day I and day II. Results: there are significant reduction of daylong VSC levels (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P<0.05), but not in the treatment groups using the placebo toothpaste. The result on combination of tooth brushing and oral rinse using Antiplaque toothpaste are significant compared to the oral rinse treatment using Antiplaque toothpaste alone (Mann Whitney, P<0.05). Conclusion: tooth brushing with Antiplaque toothpaste combined with oral rinse using the modified Antiplaque toothpaste can significantly reduce daylong VSC levels."

"Latar Belakang: Menuruthasil Riskesdas, prevalensi masalah gigi dan mulut anak usia7-9 tahun meningkat dari 21,6% pada tahun 2007 menjadi 28,9% pada tahun 2013. Dalam usaha mencegah karies gigi anak, peran guru dan orangtua (ibu) sangat penting sehingga diperlukan pendidikan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Selain itu, kegiatan sikat gigi bersama juga dapat dilakukan dalam upaya mencegah karies dengan menghilangkan plak gigi. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh pendidikankesehatan gigi dan mulutkepada guru dan orangtua (ibu) terhadap program menyikat gigi 16 permukaan pada anak usia 7-9 tahun. Metode: Kuasi eksperimenta ldengan desain nonrandomized control group, pretest-posttest. Responden adalah 20 guru dan 66 ibu sebagai kelompok intervensi, kelompok kontrol adalah 10 guru dan 54 ibu. Seluruh responden diberikan edukasi mengenai cara menjaga dan memelihara kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak lalu memberikannya kepada anak. Pengambilan data pengetahuan dan sikap guru dan ibu melalui pengisian kuesioner pretest dan posttest.Kepada 66 anak dalam kelompok intervensi diberikan program menyikat gigi, sedangkan 54 anak pada kelompok kontrol hanya diberikan edukasi oleh guru dan orangtua (ibu). Evaluasi pemeriksaan dilakukan setelah 1 bulan untuk menilai indeks plak gigi anak. Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut guru dengan persentase 16.7%,sikap kesehatan gigi dan mulut guru 20%, pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut ibu 16.7%, sikap kesehatan gigi dan mulut ibu 20%dan penurunan indeks plak anak 47%. Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan gigi dan mulut kepada guru dan orangtua (ibu) disertai program menyikat 16 permukaan terhadap penurunan indeks plak gigi pada anak usia 7-9 tahun. "

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan untuk menyikat gigi sebelum tidur malam pada siswa-siswi kelas 5 di SDN 04 Ciangsana Kabupaten Bogor Tahun 2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain non eksperimental, data dikumpulkan secara Cross Sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 74 siswa kelas 5 SDN 04 Ciangsana. Dari hasil pengolahan data, terdapat satu faktor yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kepatuhan menyikat gigi sebelum tidur, yaitu ketersediaan fasilitas untuk menyikat gigi dengan p value 0.000. Diharapkan pihak sekolah, Puskesmas, dan Dinas terkait UKS dapat terus melaksanakan program-program kesehatan gigi dan mulut bagi siswa sekolah dasar.

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This research discusses factors associated with students’ compliance of night tooth-brushing in the 5th grade students of Primary School 04 Ciangsana, district of Bogor 2012. Using quantitative approach and non-experimental design, this research collects data with Cross Sectional method. The sample of this research are 74 5th grade students of Primary School 04 Ciangsana. The results of data processing was, only one variable that had significant connection with the compliance of night tooth-brushing that was the availability of tooth-brushing facilities. It is expected that the school, Health Centre, and UKS-related agencies could continue to execute the oral health programs in primary schools schools."

"Provinsi Kalimantan Utara yang masih pada tahap daerah pengembangan, khususnya di Desa Pembeliangan dan belum terdapat data mengenai kesehatan gigi dan mulut, serta kondisi ekonomi dan pendidikan masyarakatnya yang masih memprihatinkan Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui perbedaan perilaku menyikat gigi pada anak usia 5-8 tahun sebelum dan sesudah diberikan edukasi selama 21 hari Metode: Desain penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi-eksperiment dengan jenis rancangan Pretest dan Posttest Design. Hasil Penelitian: Hasil analisis data skor plak, pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan dengan uji wilcoxon adalah p=0.000. hasil analisis data kai kuadrat antara skor plak awal dengan jumlah nilai pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan awal adalah p=0.909, sedangkan hasil analisis data kai kuadrat skor plak akhir dengan jumlah nilai pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan akhir adalah p=0.041. Kesimpulan: terdapat perbedaan perilaku anak usia 5-8 tahun di Desa Pembeliangan saat sebelum dan sesudah diberikan edukasi, ditandai dengan peningkatan skor plak, pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan.

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The North Borneo Province is a developing area, especially in Desa Pembeliangan, there is no oral health data, economic and education condition still need to be concerned. Objective: Knowing the difference of tooh brushing behavior in children aged 5-8 years before and after the education given for 21 days. Methods: This research use quasi-experiment with pretest and posttest design. Result: Results of the data analysis plaque score, knowledge, attitudes and actions with Wilcoxon test was p=0.000. chi square data analysis between the initial plaque score to the total amount of knowledge, attitudes, ang early action is p=0.909, while the results of the chi square data analysis final plaque score to the total amount of knowledge, attitudes, and the final action is p = 0.041. Conclusion: There is the difference of tooth brushing behavior in children aged 5-8 years before and after education given, characterized by the increase of plaque score, knowledge, attitudes, and actions."

"ABSTRAKProses hidrodesulfurisasi menggunakan katalis NiMo/ γ-Al 2O3 dengan 2 variasi kandungan fosfor yaitu katalis NiMo/ γ-Al 2O3 dengan 0,5% fosfor dan katalis NiMo/ γ-Al 2 O 3 dengan 2% fosfor. Aktivitas katalis diuji dalam flow reactor pada suhu 285-330 o C dan LHSV 4-6 h -1 dengan lube base oil ditambah senyawa dibenzothiophene sebagai feed atau umpan. Katalis dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD yang menunjukkan bahwa kristal yang terbentuk adalah γ-Al 2 O 3 . Karakterisasi menggunakan XRF menunjukkan perbedaan kandungan Ni dan Mo. Pada katalis dengan 2% fosfor kandungan Ni dan Mo lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan 0,5% fosfor. Karakterisasi menggunakan metode BET menunjukkan adanya penurunan luas permukaan dengan kandungan fosfor yang lebih tinggi.Uji kekuatan mekanik katalis, semakin tinggi kandungan fosfor pada katalis kekuatan mekaniknya menurun. Produk reaksi hidrodesulfurisasi dianalisa menggunakan GC-Sulfur Breakdown, GC-MS, dan GC-SIMDIS (Simulated Distilation). Kinetika reaksi hidrodesulfurisasi merupakan pseudo orde 1. Energi aktivasi reaksi hidrodesulfurisasi pada katalis dengan 0,5% fosfor sebesar 16,66 kJ/mol dan katalis dengan 2% fosfor sebesar 38,550 kJ/mol.

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ABSTRACTHydrodesulfurization process using a catalyst NiMo/ γ-Al 2 O 3 with two variations, namely phosphorus content of the catalyst NiMo/ γ-Al 2 O 3 w ith 0.5% phosphorus and catalyst NiMo/ γ-Al 2 O 3 with 2% phosphorus. The catalyst activity was tested in a flow reactor at a temperature of 285-330 o C and LHSV of 4-6 h -1 with a lube base oil plus dibenzothiophene compound as a feed. The catalyst was characterized using XRD indicating that crystals formed are γ-Al 2 O 3 .Characterization using XRF showed differences in the content of Ni and Mo. At 2% phosphorus catalyst with Ni and Mo content higher than 0.5% phosphorus. Characterization using the BET method showed a decrease in the surface area with higher phosphorus content. Test the mechanical strength of the catalyst, the higher the content of phosphorus in the catalyst mechanical strength decreases Hydrodesulfurization reaction products were analyzed using GC-Sulfur Breakdown, GC-MS and GC-SIMDIS (Simulated Distilation). Hydrodesulfurization reaction kinetics is a pseudo first order. The activation energy hydrodesulfurization reaction on the catalyst with 0.5% phosphorus amounted to 16,667 kJ/mol and a catalyst with 2% phosphorus by 38.550 kJ/mol. "

"Anterior Tongue Thrust Swallow (ATTS), a swallowing pattern by pushing the tongue onto anterior dentition, can initiate malocclusion in the anterior region, which will create psychophysiological problems due to aesthetic, speech, and mastication disorders. The use of a Tongue Crib (TC) as a corrective device for ATTS is to block the force of tongue against the anterior teeth. Wearing a TC will have an experience of discomfort for the patient and can be an obstacle in using TC regularly, lengthening the period of treatment. A clinical trial with 25 subjects using TC in their retention period, and 48 patients only using Hawleyretainer without crib as control, was carried out from September 2004 until May 2005 in the FKG UI Orthodontics clinic, the Orthodontics Clinic of Lembaga Kedokteran Gigi (Ladokgi) TNI AL R.E. Martadinata and in a specialist clinic. The survival analysis for the TC users, associated with sensor time, indicates that 25 of the TC users had not succeeded to correct ATTS. A discomfort questionnaire (DQ) was specifically designed for this study, consisting of 9 items. A significant result was that the discomfort experienced was one of the risk factor for the ineffectiveness of Tongue Crib in correcting ATTS."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Virgin Coconut Oil VCO memiliki efek antibakteri. Tujuan: Menganalisis efek pemberian VCO berbagai konsentrasi terhadap viabilitas bakteri Actinomyces sp dan Prevotella sp. Metode penelitian: Bakteri Actinomyces sp dan Prevotella sp dipaparkan dengan VCO konsentrasi 12,5 , 25 , 50 , dan 100 . Selanjutnya dilakukan uji viabilitas dengan MTT Assay. Hasil: Penurunan viabilitas Actinomyces sp bermakna pada pemberian VCO 25 dan penurunan viabilitas Prevotella sp bermakna pada pemberian VCO 100 . Kesimpulan: Pada pemberian VCO dengan berbagai konsentrasi, penurunan viabilitas bakteri Actinomyces sp lebih besar dibandingkan dengan Prevotella sp.

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ABSTRACT Background Virgin Coconut Oil VCO has antibacterial effect. Objective To analyze effects of VCO administered in various concentrations on viability of Actinomyces sp and Prevotella sp. Methods Actinomyces sp and Prevotella sp was exposed to VCO in concentrations 12.5 , 25 , 50 and 100 . Afterwards, viability testing with MTT Assay was conducted. Results Significantly reduce viability was reached by Actinomyces sp with VCO 25 and significance was reached by Prevotella sp administering VCO 100 . Conclusion When VCO was administered in various concentrations, the decline rate in bacterial viability of Actinomyces sp was higher than Prevotella sp. "

"Aditif pelumas merupakan komponen utama dari pelumas. Aditif memiliki sifat anti-aus dan tahan pada tekanan tinggi. Pembuatan aditif dilakukan dengan proses sulfurisasi minyak biji kapuk randu dengan gas H2S. Proses sulfurisasi dimodifikasi dengan tambahan metode sirkulasi H2S yang berfungsi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan H2S. Radiasi sinar UV dengan panjang gelombang 254 nm juga digunakan untuk mempercepat proses sulfurisasi. Proses sulfurisasi dinyatakan berhasil karena ada ikatan C-S pada hasil spektrum FTIR di puncak 581,25 cm-1. Hal ini diperkuat dengan hasıl kandungan sulfur tertinggi yang didapatkan pada sampel minyak biji kapuk randu tersulfurisasi 20 jam sebesar 32.682 ppm dengan viskositas 72,17 cSt dan densities 0,92 g/cm2. Pengujian performa aditif dilakukan dengan uji four-ball untuk melihat performa ketahanan anti-aus pada aditif. Pengujian performa dilakukan dengan mencampurkan minyak mineral sebagai minyak dasar dan aditif. Hasil uji keausan terbaik terdapat pada formulasi minyak mineral dan 10% aditif tersulfurisasi selama 20 jam yang meningkatkan performa keausan hingga 98% dan memiliki rasio sulfur sebesar 3.268 ppm. Rasio sulfur ini sudah sebanding dengan rasio aditif ZDDP yang umum digunakan sebesar 3.393 ppm. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian korosifitas pada formulasi minyak mineral dan aditif tersulfurisasi selama 20 jam dan dihasilkan bahwa formulasi tersebut sangat rendah terhadap korosi dan aman digunakan pada mesin kendaraan

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Lubricant additives are the main components of lubricants. These additives possess anti-wear properties and can withstand high pressure. The production of additives is carried out through the sulfurization process of kapok seed oil using H2S gas. The sulfurization process is modified with an additional H2S circulation method to enhance the efficiency of H2S usage. UV radiation with a wavelength of 254 nm is also used to accelerate the sulfurization process. The sulfurization process is deemed successful due to the presence of C-S bonds in the FTIR spectrum at the peak of 581.25 cm-1. This is further supported by the highest sulphur content found in the kapok seed oil sample sulfurized for 20 hours, which was 32,682 ppm with a viscosity of 72.17 cSt and a density of 0.92 g/cm2. Performance testing of the additive was also conducted using a four-ball test to evaluate the anti-wear performance of the additive. The performance test was carried out by mixing mineral oil as the base oil and the additive. The best wear test results were obtained from the formulation of mineral oil and 10% additive sulfurized for 20 hours, which improved wear performance by up to 98% and had a sulphur ratio of 3,268 ppm. This sulphur ratio is comparable to the commonly used ZDDP additive ratio of 3,393 ppm. Additionally, a corrosiveness test was conducted on the formulation of mineral oil and the additive sulfurized for 20 hours, and it was found that this formulation is very low in corrosion and safe for use in vehicle engines."

"Asam klorogenat di dalam kopi dapat menyebabkan diskolorasi eksternal pada gigi. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode buangan asap penyangraian biji kopi terhadap perubahan warna gigi, 18 spesimen gigi direndam di dalam larutan kopi dengan metode: tanpa buangan asap, buangan asap separuh, dan buangan asap penuh selama 30 jam, 45 jam, atau 60 jam. Perubahan warna diperoleh melalui alat uji Vita Easyshade dan dihitung berdasarkan rumus CIE L*, a*, b*. Hasil menunjukkan nilai ∆E* yang tidak signifikan (p>0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa variasi buangan asap penyangraian biji kopi tidak mempengaruhi perubahan warna gigi.

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Chlorogenic acid in coffee cause external discoloration of the teeth. To know the effect of various exiles smoke roasting of coffee bean method to tooth discoloration, eighteen tooth specimens were immersed in coffee solution with roasting method without exiles smoke, half exiles smoke, and full exiles smoke for 30 hours, 45 hours, or 60 hours. The color alteration were calculated with CIE L*, a*, b* formula using Vita Easyshade machine. Before and after immersion showed differences ΔE* were not significant (p>0.05). Variations of exiles smoke roasting coffee method does not affect tooth discoloration."