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"In this global era the quality of dental service in Indonesia has become increasingly competitive, which can be reflected in the increasing number of traditional dental service, private dental practice, public health service, 24 hour health clinic, dental clinic, specialist dental clinic and dental spa. Dentists need to consider an appropriate service method and to determine the patient’s specific target so that they could become a loyal customer. The first important consideration in order to satisfy customer a dentist has to be updated with the latest dentistry development, dental equipment and material, so that he is able to apply the latest dental techniques with sophisticated equipment and materials. The second point is the dental service quality, the dentistmeticulousness and carefulness to execute every case. The thirdpoint is the best dental service of the dentist and his team, hospitality, punctuality, strategic practice location and interior practice hygiene. The last important point is to determine the patient’s specific target market based on dentist’s competitive skill and local people characteristic."

"Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis efek antibakteri infusum daun Binahong terhadap bakteri Black pigmented dan hubungan antara durasi pemaparan infusum terhadap efek antibakterinya. Efek antibakteri dianalisis melalui nilai Kadar Hambat Minimum (KHM) dan Kadar Bunuh Minimum (KBM). Media yang digunakan adalah Brucella broth dengan darah dan Kanamycin.Infusum diencerkan sampai konsentrasi 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 65%, 80%, dan 95% kemudian ditambahkan bakteri 105 cfu/ml lalu diinkubasi selama 24,48, dan 72 jam. Hasil inkubasi kemudian digores padaBrucella agar lalu diinkubasi selama 24 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan KHM >65%, KBM 80% dan tidak terdapat korelasi antara durasi pemaparan infusum daun Binahong terhadap efek antibakterinya.

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This study examines the antibacterial effect of Binahong leaves infusion against Black pigmented bacteria and the correlation between duration of infusion exposure and its antibacterial efficacy. The antibacterial efficacy was analyzed by defining the MIC and MBC. The medium used was Brucella broth containing blood and Kanamycin. Infusion was diluted until 20%,30%,40%,50%,65%,80%,95% concentrations, added with 105 cfu/ml bacteria and incubated for 24,48,72 hours. Each culture were streak on Brucella agar and incubated for 24 hours. Results shows that theMIC was >65%, the MBC was 80% and there were no correlation between duration of infusion exposure and its antibacterial efficacy."

"The purpose of the present study was to determine the standard mesiodistal' diameter and bucolingual diameter of the crown size and the dental arch size in the primary and permanent dentition of Indonesian-Jakarta children. The samples were obtained from dental plaster models of 400 Indonesian-Jakarta children who were selected from a cross section of the population and who ranged in age from 3 1/2 years to 6 1/2 years and from 10 I/2 years to 13 I/2 years. The mean values of the mesiodistal and bucolingual diameter of primary dentition are found tended to be larger in boys than in girls. The mean values of the mesiodistal and bucolingual diameter of permanent dentition are found tended to be larger in boys than in girls. Also for mean values of the dental arch width and length of primary and permanent dentition are found tended to be larger in boys than in girls."

"ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pemberian zinc (Zn) per oral dan aktivitas 'alkaline phosphatase' (ALP) dalam `gingival crevicular fluid' (GCF) saat pasca 'flap operation' (FO) guna mendapatkan data dalam mempercepat penyembuhan luka bedah. Kepada 12 pria dewasa diberikan ZnSO4 220 mg 3 x 1 sehari selama 14 hari. F0 dilakukan pada hari ke 5. Pemeriksaan 'papillary bleeding index' (PBI), kedalaman poket periodontal, kegoyangan gigi, produksi GCF, konsentrasi protein dalam GCF, aktivitas ALP dalam GCF, konsentrasi Zn plasma, dilakukan pada hari ke 5, 12, 19, dan 26. Kesehatan dan status grzi subyek diperiksa dengan meneliti konsentrasi kreatinin serum serta melakukan '3 days recall dietary survey'. Sebagai kontrol adalah 11 pria dewasa yang diberi 'saceharum lactis' 50 mg dan perlakuan yang sama. Ternyata pemberian Zn tersebut sudah berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas ALP GCF sejak hari ke 5 dan aktivitas ini menurun terus mengikuti waktu penelitian.

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ABSTRACT

The Relationship Between Zinc Preparation Given Per Oral and Post Periodontal Surgical Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in the Gingival Crevicular FluidThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between zinc preparation given per oral and post flap operation alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the gingival crevicular fluid, (GCF). This study investigated the zinc effect on periodontal surgical healing process. 12 men taken 220 mg ZnSO4 3 times a day for 14 days. The FO performed at day 5. The assessment of papillary bleeding index (PBI), periodontal pocket depth, tooth mobility, GCF production, protein concentration in the GCF, ALP activity in the GCF, plasma Zn concentration were performed at day 5, 12, 19, 26. The subject health and nutritional status were studied by assessing the serum creatinine concentration and performed the 3 days recall dietary survey. As the control group there was 11 men given 50 mg saccharum lactis and the same treatments. The effect of Zn given on GCF ALP activity has been seen on day 5 and this activity continued to decrease along the investigation time."

"Rongga mulut merupakan salah satu bagian tubuh yang cukup unik sehubungan dengan kesehatan penderita, oleh karena rongga mulut merupakan pintu pertama masuknya bahan-bahan kebutuhan untuk pertumbuhan,individu yang sempurna serta kesehatan yang optimal.Sebagaimana kita ketahui rongga mulut dapat mengalami bermacammacam kelainan yang merupakan problema yang belum dapat diatasi sepenuhnya. Sebagai contoh misalnya karies gigi, penyakit jaringan penyangga gigi / periodontal dan penyakit mukosa mulut sampai saat ini belum diketahui etiologinya secara tepat. Kondisi lingkungan rongga mulut sangat kompleks, dimana kemungkinan iritasi mekanik, fisik dan kimiawi serta banyaknya macam mikroorganisme dan susunan saliva dapat mempengaruhi terjadinya perubahan kondisi lingkungan rongga mulut dan memungkinkan terjadinya suatu penyakit.Penyakit yang terjadi didalam mulut khususnya mukosa mulut dapat memberikan keluhan atau tanpa keluhan bisa berupa kelainan jinak dan keganasan. Bilamana penyakit jaringan lunak rongga mulut tidak memberikan gejala rasa sakit umumnya pasien tidak datang berobat, padahal kemungkinan besar lesi yang tidak memberikan keluhan itu merupakan tanda awal dari suatu keganasan atau tanda awal dari penyakit sistemik yang berbahaya, sehingga seringkali pasien dengan lesi-lesi semacam itu barn datang ke klinik Oral Medicine sudah dalam keadaan sakit berat atau stadium terminal. Keadaan ini akan memperburuk prognosa penyakitnya karena mulut yang sakit akan terganggu fungsinya sehingga pemasukan makanan akan menurun dengan akibat defisiensi nutrisi.Sebelum uraian lebih lanjut tentang penyakit mulut akan saya utarakan terlebih dulu pengertian tentang Oral Medicine, ruang lingkup serta sejarah perkembangannya.Oral Medicine adalah cabang ilmu Kedokteran Gigi yang berkompeten khusus dalam mengelola kesehatan pasien secara menyeluruh meliputi diagnosa dan perawatan yang bersifat non bedah pada kelainan primer maupun sekunder di rongga mulut dan sekitarnya (Mazzeo & Chasens 1975). Secara luas Oral Medicine dapat diartikan sebagai salah satu aspek Kedokteran Gigi untuk mengetahui hubungan antara mulut dengan bagian tubuh yang lain, baik dalam keadaan sehat maupun sakit atau diformulasikan sebagai suatu kemampuan khusus dalam praktek Dokter Gigi serta kaitannya dengan pengelolaan kesehatan pasien secara menyeluruh.Ruang lingkup Oral Medicine tidak terbatas pada penyakit mulut yang primer atau lokal saja melainkan juga mengelola pasien-pasien dengan manifestasi oral penyakit sistemik. Oleh karenanya Dokter Gigi berkewajiban mengetahui latar belakang penyakit setiap pasien sebelum memulai perawatan gigi. Perawatan gigi mulut bisa gagal bila klinisi tidak tanggap akan keadaan pasien yang sedang dalam status pengawasan medik untuk penyakit sistemiknya. Atau bahkan terjadi resiko yang fatal atau timbul penyakit lain sebagai akibat tindakan perawatan Dokter Gigi.Oral Medicine sampai saat ini masih merupakan salah satu bidang ilmu Kedokteran Gigi yang belum banyak dikenal baik oleh tenaga kesehatan maupun masyarakat umumnya karena cabang ilmu tersebut relatif masih muda dibandingkan dengan cabang ilmu Kedokteran Gigi lainnya. Masih banyak pendapat yang beranggapan bahwa tugas dan tanggung jawab Dokter Gigi terbatas pada penanganan penyakit yang berhubungan dengan gigi saja sehingga pasien dengan lesi pada mukosa mulut tidak datang ke Dokter Gigi tetapi meminta pertolongan dokter Umum."

"[ABSTRAKKavitas kelas I sering ditemui pada permukaan gigi molar karena mempunyai bentuk anatomi pit dan fisur yang dalam sehingga sering menyebabkan sisa makanan tertinggal yang nantinya dapat menyebabkan karies gigi. Bahan restorasi yang sesuai untuk penumpatan kavitas kelas I adalah resin komposit. Namun resin komposit memiliki kelemahan yaitu mengalami penyusutan polimerisasi yang menyebabkan kebocoran tepi. Kavitas kelas I juga memiliki c-factor terbesar dibandingkan kavitas lainnya yang dapat menyebabkan kebocoran, sehingga untuk mengatasinya dapat menggunakan liner SIKMR serta teknik Bulk-fill dan inkremental oblik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kebocoran tepi restorasi resin komposit teknik Bulk-fill dengan liner dan teknik inkremental dengan liner. Sebanyak 70 sampel dipreparasi dibagian bukal dengan ukuran 3 mm x 3 mm, terdiri dari 10 sampel kelompok Bulk-fill, 30 sampel kelompok Bulk-fill dengan liner SIKMR dan 30 sampel kelompok inkremental oblik. dengan liner SIKMR direndam dalam air destilasi selama 24 jam. Kemudian dilakukan Thermocycling 250x, suhu 5-550C dilanjutkan dengan aplikasi cat kuku dan rendam dalam metilen biru selama 24 jam. Sampel dibelah dalam arah buko-palatal dan dilakukan pengamatan menggunakan mikroskop stereo kemudian hasilnya diuji statistik menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna diantara semua kelompok dengan nilai signifikansi p≤0,05. Inkremental oblik dengan liner menunjukkan tingkat kebocoran lebih rendah dibandingkan Bulk-fill dengan liner.

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ABSTRACTCavity class I often found on the surface of the molars because they have the anatomical shape of pits and fissures are deep that often cause food scraps left behind which can later lead to dental caries. Restorative material suitable for cavities penumpatan class I is the composite resin. However, a drawback of composite resin namely polymerization shrinkage which causes microleakage. Cavity class I also have a c-factor compared to most other cavity which can cause leaks, so to overcome SIKMR can use the liner as well as bulk-fill technique and incremental oblique. The purpose of this study was to analyze the microleakage of composite resin restorations Bulk-fill technique and oblique incremental techniques with liner. A total of 70 samples were prepared on the buccal with the size of 3 mm x 3 mm, consisting of 10 groups of Bulk-fill samples, 30 samples of Bulk-fill groups with liner SIKMR and oblique incremental groups of 30 samples. with liner SIKMR soaked in distilled water for 24 hours. Then do the Thermocycling 250X, 5-550 C temperature followed by application of nail polish and soak in methylene blue for 24 h. Samples were cleaved in buko-palatal direction and made observations using a stereo microscope and the result was tested statistically using Chi-Square. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among all groups with significant value p≤0,05. Incremental oblique with liner show a lower leakage rate than the Bulk-fill with liner., Abstract: Cavity class I often found on the surface of the molars because they have the anatomical shape of pits and fissures are deep that often cause food scraps left behind which can later lead to dental caries. Restorative material suitable for cavities penumpatan class I is the composite resin. However, a drawback of composite resin namely polymerization shrinkage which causes microleakage. Cavity class I also have a c-factor compared to most other cavity which can cause leaks, so to overcome SIKMR can use the liner as well as bulk-fill technique and incremental oblique. The purpose of this study was to analyze the microleakage of composite resin restorations Bulk-fill technique and oblique incremental techniques with liner. A total of 70 samples were prepared on the buccal with the size of 3 mm x 3 mm, consisting of 10 groups of Bulk-fill samples, 30 samples of Bulk-fill groups with liner SIKMR and oblique incremental groups of 30 samples. with liner SIKMR soaked in distilled water for 24 hours. Then do the Thermocycling 250X, 5-550 C temperature followed by application of nail polish and soak in methylene blue for 24 h. Samples were cleaved in buko-palatal direction and made observations using a stereo microscope and the result was tested statistically using Chi-Square. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among all groups with significant value p≤0,05. Incremental oblique with liner show a lower leakage rate than the Bulk-fill with liner.]"

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Enterococcus Faecalis merupakan bakteri yang sering ditemukan pada kegagalan perawatan saluran akar. Hal ini berhubungan dengan sifat resistensi dari E.faecalis terhadap antibakteri. Klorheksidin 2 % merupakan bahan irigasi yang terbukti efektif dalam menghilangkan bakteri Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis), akan tetapi klorheksidin memiliki toksisitas terhadap sel tertentu. Teh hijau merupakan salah satu bahan alami yang banyak dikonsumsi di dunia termasuk di Indonesia. Ekstrak teh hijau terbukti memiliki daya antibakteri terhadap E.faecalis. Namun belum banyak penelitian yang meneliti daya antibakteri dari ekstrak teh hijau dan klorheksidin 2% terhadap E.faecalis dalam biofilm dengan menggunakan metode Real-time PCR. Tujuan: Membandingkan daya antibakteri ekstrak teh hijaudengan klorheksidin 2 % terhadapEnterococcus faecalisdalam biofilm. Metode: koloni E. faecalis ATCC 29212 di kumpulkan dengan loop dari biakan 1 malam E.faecalis di BHI agar, lalu dimasukkan kedalam 10 ml saline steril. Densitas dari suspensi di standarisasi dengan 0.5 McFarland untuk mendapatkan jumlah 10 8 CFU/ml. 50 μl suspensi bakteri diokulasi pada membran filter nitrat selulosa yang diletakkan pada permukaan agar lalu inkubasi selama 3 hari untuk membentuk biofilm, Larutanekstrak teh hijau, CHX 2 % dan kontrol dimasukkan kedalam tabung uji. biofilmE. faecalisdi membran nitrat selulosa dimasukkan ke dalam tabung uji dan paparkan masing masing bahan uji. Semua tabung lalu dimasukkan ke dalam inkubator dengan suhu 37 °C selama 10 menit. Kemudian dilakukan penghitungan jumlah E.faecalis yang hidup dengan menggunakan Real-time PCR.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermaknadiantara kelompok ekstrak teh hijau, klorheksidin 2 %,dan kontrol. Kesimpulan:Esktrak teh hijau memiliki daya antibakteri terhadap E.faecalis dalam biofilm, namun tidak seefektif klorheksidin 2%.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Enterococcus faecalis is most commonly isolated bacteria in failed root canal treatment. This is due with resistency of E. faecalis to antimicrobial agent. 2% chlorhexidin is proven to be effecive against Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis). However chlorhexidin is known to have toxicity againts several particular cells. Green tea is one of the most widely narutal comsumed beverage in the world, also in Indonesia. Green tea extract is proven to have antibacterial efficacy against E.faecalis,but not many research has investigated green tea extract and chlorhexidin 2% antibacterial efficacy againtsE.faecalis biofilm by using real-time PCR method. Aim. To compare antibacterial efficacy of green tea extract solution with chlorhexidin 2 % againts E.faecalis biofilm.Methods : E. faecalis ATCC 29212 colonies collected from overnight culture of bacterial grown on BHI agar plate. The density of the suspension was standardized by comparison with 0,5 Mcfarland Standar to give an approximate count of 108 CFU/ml. Aliquos (50μl) bacterial suspension were then inoculated on steril disks place on the surface of BHI agar and incubated at 37°C for 72 h aerobically. After 72 h of incubation, the discs were removed and transferred into 10 ml PBS to loose attached bacterial. Then the disks were transferred to 10 ml of green tea extract solution, chlorhexidin 2% and PBS steril as control then exposed for 10 minutes in an aerobic incubator at 37 °C.thenall living E. faecalis cells was quantified by using Real-time PCR methods.Results : There were significant differences statistically between green tea extract, chlorhexidin 2 % and control groups.Conclusion.Green tea extract was effective againts E.faecalis biofilm butnot as effective as chlorhexidin 2%., Background:Enterococcus faecalis is most commonly isolated bacteria in failed root canal treatment. This is due with resistency of E. faecalis to antimicrobial agent. 2% chlorhexidin is proven to be effecive against Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis). However chlorhexidin is known to have toxicity againts several particular cells. Green tea is one of the most widely narutal comsumed beverage in the world, also in Indonesia. Green tea extract is proven to have antibacterial efficacy against E.faecalis,but not many research has investigated green tea extract and chlorhexidin 2% antibacterial efficacy againtsE.faecalis biofilm by using real-time PCR method.Aim.To compare antibacterial efficacy of green tea extract solution with chlorhexidin 2 % againts E.faecalis biofilm.Methods :E. faecalis ATCC 29212 colonies collected from overnight culture of bacterial grown on BHI agar plate. The density of the suspension was standardized by comparison with 0,5 Mcfarland Standar to give an approximate count of 108 CFU/ml. Aliquos (50μl) bacterial suspension were then inoculated on steril disks place on the surface of BHI agar and incubated at 37°C for 72 h aerobically. After 72 h of incubation, the discs were removed and transferred into 10 ml PBS to loose attached bacterial. Then the disks were transferred to 10 ml of green tea extract solution, chlorhexidin 2% and PBS steril as control then exposed for 10 minutes in an aerobic incubator at 37 °C.thenall living E. faecalis cells was quantified by using Real-time PCR methods.Results. There were significant differences statistically between green tea extract, chlorhexidin 2 % and control groups.Conclusion.Green tea extract was effective againts E.faecalis biofilm butnot as effective as chlorhexidin 2%.]"