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"Evaluated the effectiveness of juvenile drug court for 161 juvenile offenders meeting diagnostic criteria for substance abuse or dependence and determined whether the integration of evidence-based practices enhanced the outcomes of juvenile drug court. Over a 1-year period, a four-condition randomized design evaluated outcomes for family court with usual community services, drug court with usual community services, drug court with multisystemic therapy, and drug court with multisystemic therapy enhanced with contingency management for adolescent substance use, criminal behavior, symptomatology, and days in out-of-home placement. In general, findings supported the view that drug court was more effective than family court services in decreasing rates of adolescent substance use and criminal behavior. Possibly due to the greatly increased surveillance of youths in drug court, however, these relative reductions in antisocial behavior did not translate to corresponding decreases in rearrest or incarceration. In addition, findings supported the view that the use of evidence-based treatments within the drug court context improved youth substance-related outcomes. Clinical and policy implications of these findings are discussed."

"Comorbidity and complexity of cases seen in clinical work form a basis for discounting the applicability and generality of evidence-based treatments (EBTs). The authors evaluated treatment outcomes in 2 samples of clinically referred children who met criteria for oppositional defiant disorder (n = 183; 42 girls, 141 boys; ages 3-14) or conduct disorder (n = 132; 35 girls, 97 boys; ages 7-14) but varied in comorbidity (up to 5 additional disorders). In addition to comorbidity, 4 domains of case complexity were evaluated: scope and severity of child dysfunction, socioeconomic disadvantage, parent and family functioning, and barriers that emerged during treatment. Comorbidity was associated with greater therapeutic change. Children who varied in comorbidity did not differ on outcome measures at the end of treatment. Complexity was either unrelated or positively related to therapeutic change. As an exception, perceived barriers were associated with less child improvement, but, even with high barriers, effect sizes for these children were large. The findings suggest that comorbidity or complexity of cases does not necessarily influence outcome or limit the applicability of EBTs."

"This study examined rates of improvement in psychotherapy as a function of the number of sessions attended. The clients (N=1,868; 73.1% female; 92.4% White; average age=40), who were seen for a variety of problems in routine primary care mental health practices, attended 1 to 12 sessions, had planned endings, and completed the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) at the beginning and end of their treatment. The percentage of clients achieving reliable and clinically significant improvement (RCSI) on the CORE-OM did not increase with number of sessions attended. Among clients who began treatment above the CORE-OM clinical cutoff (n=1,472), the RCSI rate ranged from 88% for clients who attended 1 session down to 62% for clients who attended 12 sessions (r=-.91). Previously reported negatively accelerating aggregate curves may reflect progressive ending of treatment by clients who had achieved a good enough level of improvement."

"The mediator role of response expectancies and the moderator role of hypnotic suggestibility were evaluated in the analogue treatment of pain. Approximately 1,000 participants were assessed for hypnotic suggestibility. Later, as part of a seemingly unrelated experiment, 188 of these individuals were randomly assigned to distraction, cognitive-behavioral package, hypnotic cognitive-behavioral package, hypnotic analgesia suggestion, placebo control, or no-treatment control conditions. Response expectancies partially mediated the effects of treatment on pain. Hypnotic suggestibility moderated treatment and was associated with the relief produced only by the hypnotic interventions. The results suggest that response expectancies are an important mechanism of hypnotic and cognitive-behavioral pain treatments and that hypnotic suggestibility is a trait variable that predicts hypnotic responding across situations, including hypnosis-based pain interventions."

"Contingency management (CM) interventions usually reinforce submission of drug-negative specimens, but they can also reinforce adherence with goal-related activities. This study compared the efficacy of the 2 approaches. Substance-abusing outpatients (N = 131) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 12-week treatments: standard treatment (ST), ST with CM for submitting negative urine toxicology screens, or ST with CM for completing goal-related activities. CM patients remained in treatment longer and achieved more abstinence than ST patients, but the CM condition that reinforced submission of negative samples resulted in better outcomes than the CM condition that reinforced goal-related activities. Abstinence at 6- and 9-month follow-ups did not differ by group, but longest duration of abstinence achieved during treatment was associated with abstinence posttreatment."

"Despite widespread speculation that syndrome co-occurrence undermines treatment outcomes, this hypothesis has not been fully examined within clinical care settings. To address this gap, the authors investigated the relation between syndrome co-occurrence and outcome among 325 clinically referred youths. For every syndrome, higher initial severity was predictive of greater treatment gains and higher posttreatment symptom levels; contrary to speculation in the literature, co-occurrence effects were rare and modest in size, accounting for 0.6% of outcome variance on average. The results suggest that co-occurrence, though common in youth clinical care, is not an obstacle to treatment success in most cases. In addition to its substantive findings, the study illustrates how a dimensional approach can be used to shed new light on co-occurrence in clinical care."

"This study examines 1-year depressive symptom and functional outcomes of 267 predominantly lowincome, young minority women randomly assigned to antidepressant medication, group or individual cognitive- behavioral therapy (CBT), or community referral. Seventy-six percent assigned to medications received 9 or more weeks of guideline-concordant doses of medications; 36% assigned to psychotherapy received 6 or more CBT sessions. Intent-to-treat, repeated measures analyses revealed that medication (p=.001) and CBT (p=.02) were superior to community referral in lowering depressive symptoms across 1-year follow-up. At Month 12, 50.9% assigned to antidepressants, 56.9% assigned to CBT, and 37.1% assigned to community referral were no longer clinically depressed. These findings suggest that both antidepressant medications and CBT result in clinically significant decreases in depression for low-income minority women."

"Multiple group analysis and general growth mixture modeling was used to determine whether aggressive?disruptive behavior trajectories during elementary school, and their association with young adulthood antisocial outcomes, vary by gender. Participants were assessed longitudinally beginning at age 6 as part of an evaluation of 2 school-based preventive programs. Two analogous trajectories were found for girls and boys: chronic high aggression?disruption (CHAD) and stable low aggression? disruption (LAD). A 3rd class of low moderate aggression?disruption (LMAD) for girls and increasing aggression? disruption (IAD) for boys also was found. Girls and boys in analogous CHAD classes did not differ in trajectory level and course, but girls in the CHAD and LAD classes had lower rates of antisocial outcomes than boys. Girls with the LMAD trajectory differed from boys with the IAD trajectory."

"Kecemasan merupakan pengalaman manusia yang universal akibat ketidakpastian dan ketidakberdayaan perasaan yang bersumber dari pikiran yang tidak jelas dan tidak teridentifikasi. Kecemasan dimanifestasikan dengan respon fisiologis, afektif, perilaku, dan kognitif. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui tingkat kecemasan keluarga pasien di ruang ICU. Desain penelitian menggunakan deskriptif dengan jumlah sampel penelitian 36 responden. Hasil penelitian tingkat kecemasan keluarga pasien di ruang ICU RSUD Cibinong termasuk sedang (77,8%). Respon keluarga dalam menghadapi anggota keluarganya di ruang ICU masih dalam rentang adaptif. Perawat perlu menggunakan komunikasi terapeutik untuk menurunkan tingkat kecemasan keluarga pasien di ICU.

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Anxiety is a universal experience due to the feeling of uncertainty and helplessness that comes from thoughts that cannot identified clearly. Anxiety is manifested by physiological, cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses. This study aimed to determine the level of anxiety in the family who's their family member was cared in the ICU. Research design was simple descriptive and total sample was 36 respondents.

The results showed that the level of anxiety in the family of patient's cared in Intensive Care Unit, District Hospital of Cibinong was moderate (77.8%). The family also responded in the range of adaptive behavior during the care of their family member in the ICU. Nurses need to use therapeutic communication to decrease the anxiety level of family of patients cared in the ICU."