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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan memperlihatkan kompleksitas representasimasyarakat Belanda New York yang terlihat dalam AHONY yang merefleksikanperebutan ruang spasial dan budaya antara Inggris dan Belanda di AmerikaSerikat dari abad ke 17-19. Kompleksitas representasi ini ditunjukkan melaluilapisan multi dimensi AHONY yang membangun mitos bangsa Amerika sebagaisebuah bangsa baru melalui penggambaran masyarakat Belanda di New Yorkabad ke-17. Pada saat yang sama disertasi ini menunjukkan bagaimana AHONYmelontarkan kritik pada kebijakan politik abad ke-19, dan bagaimana parodipolitik ini menunjukkan ambivalensi antara upaya memunculkan kontribusimasyarakat Belanda di New York dan bias pengarang. Kajian ini menggunakanrepresentasi dan inventing tradition sebagai konsep untuk menganalisis teks, danmetode pendekatan New Historicism (Sejarah Baru) untuk meletakkan teks padakonteks zamannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teks mengungkapkangagasan kebangsaan dan masalah kemanusiaan. Gagasan kebangsaan berkaitandengan pluralisme berbangsa, sementara itu masalah kemanusiaan yakni kritikterhadap disingkirkannya sebuah etnis minoritas. Namun demikian, hasilpenelitian juga memperlihatkan bahwa teks A History of New York memberi biasetnis, ?ras?, dan kelas

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to demonstrate the complexity of the representation of the DutchNew York in AHONY reflecting spatial and cultural struggle between Englandand the Netherlands in North America from 17-19 century. The complexity of therepresentation is demonstrated through multidimensional layers of AHONYbuilding the American myth as a new nation through the depiction of the DutchNew York in the 17th century. At the same time this dissertation shows howAHONY through parody criticizes on the political policy of the 19th century, andhow this political parody shows the ambivalence between the effort to reveal thecontribution of the Dutch New York and the bias of the author. This study usesthe representation and inventing tradition as concepts for analyzing the text, andthe approach of New Historicism puts the text on the context of its time. Theresults indicate that the text expresses the idea of nationality and humanitarianissues. The idea of nationality related to the pluralism of the nation, while thehumanitarian problem is a critique of marginalization of an ethnic. However, theresult also shows that the text, A History of New York, implies ethnic bias, "race",and class."

"Tesis ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan representasi kota New York yang terdapat pada film “The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones'. Fokus analisis adalah menganalisis unsur naratif dan sinematografis film, serta memaknai simbol yang terdapat pada film “The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones' untuk menggali bentuk representasi dalam film tersebut. Analisis ini menggunakan teori semiotik dan representasi dengan pendekatan objektif dan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari analisis ini adalah film The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones merepresentasikan kota New York sebagai kota yang modern namun tetap spiritual, kota yang sarat akan identitas dan kota yang rindu akan kehangatan.

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This thesis aims to describe the city of New York representations contained in "The Mortal Instruments : City of Bones" movie. The focus of the analysis is to analyze the elements of narrative and cinematographic, as well as the meaning of the symbols contained in "The Mortal Instruments : City of Bones" movie to explore the forms of representation inside. This analysis uses semiotic and representation theory with the objective approach and qualitative descriptive method. The results of this analysis is 'The Mortal Instruments : City of Bones' movie represents the city of New York as a modern city but still spiritual, loaded by identity and miss the warmth."

"A tale set against a backdrop of New York City's history from its founding through the September 11 attacks traces the experiences of characters who witness such periods as the Revolutionary War, the city's emergence as a financial giant, and the Gilded Age. As he recounts the intertwining fates of characters rich and poor, black and white, native born and immigrant, the author brings to life the momentous events that shaped New York and America: the Revolutionary War, the emergence of the city as a great trading and financial center, the excesses of the Gilded Age, the explosion of immigration in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the trials of World War II, the near-demise of New York in the 1970s and its roaring rebirth in the '90s, and the attacks on the World Trade Center. Sprinkled throughout are captivating cameo appearances by historical figures ranging from George Washington to Abraham Lincoln to Babe Ruth"