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"Agenesis described as a certain developmental disorder that is a lacking in the number of teeth present intraorally. Hypodontia is an agenesis with the absence of one or several teeth. In most of the population, the prevalence is 3,5 - 6,5%, with 0,3-0,4% for a severe hypodontia (an absence of 6 teeth or more clinically). Agenesis affects permanent dentition more often than primary dentition, and the incidence of agenesis is greater in female than male patients. Agenesis might be a result of enviromental and genetic factors. It is necessary to have a comprehensive treatment for a case of hypodontia, which involves restorative, orthodontic, a prosthetic treatment based on the children's growth and development. In the present case, a patient of 6 years and 5 months old girl was diagnosed with severe hypodontia. The treatment of choice included a removable ortodontic appliance for the upper jaw and removable space maintainer for the lower jaw. The removable orthodontic appliance served as an interceptive orthodontic treatment to correct anterior crossbites, and the child will be refered to the orthodontist to treat a Class III skeletal malocclusion. The space maintainer was to be used until the patient's condition become favorable for a permanent fixed bridge or steel removable partial denture."

"Latar Belakang: Asupan makanan merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab karies gigi dengan prevalensi yang sangat tinggi di Indonesia terutama pada anak usia sekolah. Tingkat konsumsi sayur dan buah pada anak di Indonesia masih cukup rendah, padahal jenis makanan ini dikenal dapat merangsang aliran dan meningkatkan kemampuan makan anak. self-cleansing saliva yang penting dalam pencegahan karies. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan kejadian karies pada gigi geraham pertama permanen pada anak usia 8 sampai 9 tahun di Jakarta Pusat. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan menggunakan kuesioner frekuensi makanan dan pemeriksaan klinis anak usia 8 sampai 9 tahun di Jakarta Pusat. 109 anak di Jakarta Pusat diperiksa karies dengan klasifikasi ICDAS. Hasil: Penelitian ini menemukan nilai median frekuensi konsumsi sayur per hari pada anak adalah 1,6 (0-8,14) dan 1,4 (0-5). Sebanyak 98,2% anak mengalami karies gigi dan 63,3% anak mengalami karies terbatas pada email. Hubungan antara frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan karies ditemukan sangat lemah dan tidak signifikan. Kesimpulan: Tingkat frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah pada anak di Jakarta Pusat masih rendah, dan prevalensi karies cukup tinggi. Hubungan yang lemah dan tidak signifikan antara frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan karies menunjukkan bahwa ada faktor lain penyebab karies yang harus dikendalikan.

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Background: Food intake is one of the factors causing dental caries with a very high prevalence in Indonesia, especially in school-age children. The level of consumption of vegetables and fruit in children in Indonesia is still quite low, even though this type of food is known to stimulate flow and improve children's eating abilities. self-cleansing saliva which is important in caries prevention. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruit with the incidence of caries in the permanent first molars in children aged 8 to 9 years in Central Jakarta. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study using a food frequency questionnaire and clinical examination of children aged 8 to 9 years in Central Jakarta. 109 children in Central Jakarta were examined for caries with the ICDAS classification. Results: This study found the median frequency of vegetable consumption per day in children was 1.6 (0-8.14) and 1.4 (0-5). A total of 98.2% of children had dental caries and 63.3% of children had caries limited to enamel. The relationship between the frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruits with caries was found to be very weak and insignificant. Conclusion: The frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruit in children in Central Jakarta is still low, and the prevalence of caries is quite high. The weak and insignificant relationship between the frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruits with caries indicates that there are other factors that cause caries that must be controlled."

"Latar belakang: Karies merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang umum terjadi, termasuk pada anak-anak di Indonesia. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi karies gigi pada anak adalah pola pemberian makan, yaitu ASI dan PASI. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara pola pemberian makan dengan Early Childhood Caries ECC pada anak usia 3-5 tahun di Kelurahan Grogol Utara, Kebayoran Lama. Metode: Desain cross-sectional secara analitik observasional. Metode pengambilan sampel adalah dengan convenience sampling. Data pola pemberian makan dan perilaku membersihkan gigi diambil melalui wawancara dengan ibu subjek oleh pewawancara yang telah dikalibrasi. Pemeriksaan karies gigi anak dengan menggunakan indeks defs dan pemeriksaan indeks plak dilakukan oleh dua orang dokter gigi yang telah dikalibrasi. Hasil: Prevalensi karies gigi sulung pada 165 anak adalah sebesar 83. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara pemberian kolostrum p=0,017, ASI eksklusif p=0,028, frekuensi ASI p=0,001, dan lama kontak gigi dengan ASI p=0,049 terhadap skor karies gigi sulung anterior. Tidak ada variabel ASI yang menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna terhadap karies gigi sulung posterior p ge;0,05. Usia awal diberikannya PASI menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna terhadap karies gigi sulung anterior dan posterior p=0,001; p=0,041. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara jenis makanan atau minuman setelah gigi erupsi p=0,020 dan frekuensi susu formula p=0,005 dengan karies gigi sulung anterior. Frekuensi MP-ASI tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna dengan karies gigi sulung anterior dan posterior p=0,963; p=0,591. Kesimpulan: Pola pemberian makan anak yang meningkatkan skor karies gigi sulung anterior maupun posterior adalah usia awal diberikannya PASI, yaitu sebelum usia 6 bulan.

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Background: Caries is one of the most common oral problems, including in children in Indonesia. One of the factors that influence the occurrence of caries is child's feeding methods, like breastfeeding and complementary feeding.

Aim: To obtain information about the relationship between child's feeding method and early childhood caries in children aged 3 5 years old.

Method: Analytic observational with cross sectional design. The sampling method is convenience sampling. The data of child's feeding method and oral hygiene behavior was obtained through interviewing the mother. Caries examination was done using defs assessment.

Result: The prevalence of ECC in 165 children is 83. There are significant differences between colostrum p 0,017, exclusive breastfeeding p 0,028, breastfeeding frequency p 0,001, and length of contact time between teeth and breastfeeding milk p 0,049 with anterior primary teeth caries. None of the breastfeeding methods has significant difference with posterior primary teeth caries p ge 0,05. Age of initiation of complementary feeding has a significant difference with anterior and posterior primary teeth caries p 0,001 p 0,041. There are significant differences between the type of complementary food after first tooth eruption p 0,020 and frequency of infant formula p 0,005 with anterior primary teeth caries. Frequency of complementary feeding has no significant difference with anterior and posterior primary teeth caries p 0,963 p 0,591.

Conclusion: Child's feeding method which increases early childhood caries'score in both anterior and posterior teeth is the age of initiation of complementary feeding, which is before six months old."

"Data epidemiologi surveilan harus memiliki nilai validitas dan reliabilitas tinggi. Indek CAST berpotensi sebagai alat penilaian epidemiologi karies gigi. Perawat gigi termasuk tenaga pelaksana upaya kesehatan gigi dalam program skrining. Tujuan: mendapatkan tingkat kesesuaian antara perawat gigi dan dokter gigi dalam menilai kebutuhan perawatan karies gigi anak umur 6-12 tahun menggunakan indek CAST. Uji diagnostik pendekatan crossectional pada 95 anak 6-12 tahun, pemeriksaan klinik, analisis pearson korelasion, ICC dan ROC. Tingkat kesesuaian antar pengamat baik (ICC 0,59-0,97). Sensitivitas dan spesifisitas cukup baik (sensitivitas 70-100%), dan spesifisitas (51-100%). Perawat gigi dapat menjadi salah satu tenaga epidemiologi suveilans dalam penilaian kebutuhan perawatan karies menggunakan indek CAST.

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Epidemiological surveillance data should have high values in validity and reliability. Index CAST were a potential epidemiology tools for dental caries assessment. Dental nurses are the executive personnel for screening programs in dental health care. To get the compatibility between dentists and dental nurses in assessing care needs of dental caries by using CAST index in children 6-12 years old.Diagnostic test with Cross Sectional approach, samples consists of 95 children between 6-12 years old, clinical examination, and all data analyzed by Pearson correlation, ICC and ROC tests respectively. There are good level of concordance between the observers (ICC 0.59 to 0.97) and the sensitivity and specificity values were good enough (sensitivity 70-100%) and specificity (51- 100%). Dental nurse can be one of the surveillance epidemiologists in the assessment of dental caries care needs by using CAST index."

"Karies gigi merupakan penyakit yang banyak menyerang anak-anak terutama kelompok usia 12 tahun; kelompok usia ini perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus karena merupakan saat terjadinya transisi pergantian gigi susu ke gigi tetap. Hasil penelitian Evaluasi Program Usaha Kesehatan Gigi Sekolah untuk murid SD kelas 5 dan 6 di wilayah DKI Jakarta, prevalensi karies gigi cendrung meningkat dari 89.60% pada tahun 1988 menjadi 93.72% pada tahun 1996, namun demikian angka rata-rata anak yang mengalami karies gigi ( DMF-T) sedikit menurun dari 2.98 gigi menjadi 2.66 gigi. Dari kunjungan murid-murid SD ke Balai Pengobatan Gigi Puskesmas selama 3 tahun terakhir ini, proporsi karies gigi dan kelanjutannya tampaknya masih menduduki porsi tertinggi ( 75.88% - 78.75%) dibandingkan penyakit gigi dan mulut lainnya.Tujuan daripenelitian ini untuk memperoleh informasi tentang hubungan faktor-faktor dengan status karies gigi anak SD; jenis disain penelitian adalah 'Analyzed cross sectional'. Lokasi penelitian di 106 SD dari 112 SD yang ada di kecamatan Tanjung Priok. Sampel yang diteliti adalah murid SD kelas 6 yang diambil secara 'systematic random sampling" sehingga diperoleh sejumlah 443 anak. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner wawancara untuk factor-faktor demografi, pola konsumsi makanan anak sehari-hari ( food recall 3 kali) disertai kebiasaan sikat giginya; disamping itu juga dilakukan pemeriksaan gigi. Data kemudian diolah secara statistik mulai dari analisis univariat, bivariat sampai multivariat yaitu dengan multipel regresi linier dan multipel regresi logistik.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi karies gigi ( DMF-T) anak SD kelas 6 di kecamatan Tanjung Priok Jakarta Utara 70.9% dengan rata-rata angka pengalaman karies 1.657 ± 1.487 gigi per anak; dan komposisi 'decayed" sebesar 61.3% , ?missing? 4.5%, dan tilled' 5.1% . Hasil model akhir menunjukkan, bahwa terjadinya karies gigi ( DMF-T) 43.78% dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel-variabel independen sebagai. berikut yaitu OHI-S, frekuensi sikat gigi yang secara bersamaan harus diimbangi dengan ketepatan waktu sikat gigi, dan bentuk molar satu bawah yang secara bersamaan harus diimbangi dengan jumlah karbohidrat lekat. yang dimakan. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan . setiap penambahan 5 gram konsumsi karbohidrat lekat, kemungkinan akan meningkatkan karies gigi 3%. Juga ada interaksi frekuensi sikat gigi sikat gigi kurang dan- waktu sikat gigi tidak tepat dengan jumlah karbohidrat lekat yang dimakan; dimana dengan jumlah minimal karbohidrat lekat yang dimakan sebesar 8.85 gram per hari mempunyai resiko terjadinya karies gigi 2.08 kali; jumlah karbohidrat yang dimakan maksimal yaitu 98.10 gram temyata dapat meningkatkan resiko karies sebesar 235.40 kali. Dan ada hubungan sebab akibat antara bentuk molar satu bawah dengan terjadinya karies gigi, ini mungkin disebabkan karena gigi tersebut tumbuh lebih dahulu yaitu pada usia 6-7 tahun; pembentukan benih gigi dengan anatomi yang tidak normal sudah terjadi pada masa janin berusia 5 minggu dalam kandungan dan ada hubungannya dengan keturunan dan rasnya ; selain itu juga adanya pengaruh gravitasi sehingga sisa makanan lebih banyak mengumpul pada gigi rahang bawah tersebut.Disarankan program penyuluhan oleh team UKGS ditingkatkan yang isinya mengubah pola kebiasaan sikat gigi anak yaitu dari sebelum makan dan sambil mandi menjadi sesudah makan dan minimal sikat gigi dua kali yaitu sesudah makan pagi dan sebelum tidur malam. Disamping itu untuk menanggulangi masalah bentuk anatomi gigi molar satu bawah, dapat dilanjutkan pelaksanaan penambalan fissure sealant maupun tumpatan baru 'Atraumatic Restorative Treatment'.

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Factors Related To Dental Caries Status Of The Sixth Grade Primary School Children In Tanjung Priok Subdistrict Of Northern Jakarta, 1997.Dental caries is a disease affecting children especifically 12 years old ; this age group needs special attention since the transition from the deciduous dentition to the permanent dentition occured in this age group. The evaluation study of School Dental Health Programs for 5th and 6th grades in the Jakarta , shows an increase in dental caries prevalence from 89.60 % in 1988 to 93.72% in 1996; the average DMFT figures however, went down from 2.98 to 2.66 teeth in the same period. Proportionally, dental caries and its sequela still in the first rank compared to other oral diseases in primary school children who were treated at the Health Centre Services.

The aims of the study is to obtain information on the relation between determinant factors and dental caries in primary school children; with an "Analyzed Cross Sectional" design. The study was done in 106 primary school out of 112 Primary school in the subdistrict of Tanjung Priok. The study sample comprises 6th grades through a "systematic random Sampling ", Total sample was 443 children. Data was obtained by questioners for demographic factors, daily food consumption patterns ( 3 times food recall ) and tooth brushing habits. Apart from that, dental examination was carried out. The data was statistically processed, from univariat, bivariat and multivariat analysis with multiple linear regression and multiple logistic regression.

The results show a dental caries prevalence ( DMF-T) of 70,9 % of 6 grades in the Tanjung Priok subdistrict with average of 1,657 ± 1.487 caries teeth; encompassing 61.3% decayed, 4.5% missing and 5.1% filled teeth. The latest model indicates that the 43.78% dental caries rate (DMF-T) may be explained by, independent variables : Oral Hygiene Index Simplify, frequency of brushing , shape of lower first molar, all of which have to be balanced by the amount of consumed " sticky" carbohydrate consumption may increase dental caries by 3 %. Interaction were found between good frequency of tooth brushing and incorrect brushing times, between insufficient frequency of tooth brushing and correct brushing times, between insufficient frequency of tooth brushing and incorrect brushing times. The latest interaction show that with the amount of sticky carbohydrate consumed, in which a minimum of 8.85 grams of sticky carbohydrates daily, caries risks will increase 2.08 times; a maximum of 98.10 gram will increase caries risks with 235.40 times. A cause and effect relationship between lower first molar anatomical shape and dental caries is presumably caused by the fact that the tooth in question is a the first permanent element to erupt, which is around 6-7 years of age, by tooth formation with abnormal anatomy would already occur at 5 weeks of intrauterine life and had a relationship with heredity and race, in addition to influence of gravitation causing much more food rests to accumulation teeth of the lower jaw.

It is suggested that school dental health education be improved to change the child's tooth brushing habits from "before meals" and "during bath" to "after meals" and a minimum of two times daily, which is after breakfast and before retiring at night. To cope with the problem of the anatomical shape of the lower first molar, fissure sealants and Aritmatic Restorative Treatment fillings may be employed."

"Latar Belakang: Kesehatan gigi dan mulut memegang peran penting dalam kesehatan tubuh secara umum. Beberapa penelitian telah melaporkan bahwa terjadinya karies gigi dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang terkait pengalaman karies gigi pada anak usia 12 tahun. Metode: Penenelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan disain potong lintang, responden penelitian berjumlah 146 anak usia 12 tahun di SDN 01 Cilangkap. Pengalaman karies gigi diukur dengan menggunakan indeks DMFT, dan kuesioner yang digunakan untuk mengukur variabel terkait pengalaman karies gigi. Hasil: Prevalensi karies gigi responden dari penelitian ini adalah 71%. Nilai rata-rata DMFT keseluruhan responden 2,27 ± 2,53, rerata frekuensi makan/minum manis adalah 2,34 ± 1,02, tidak menyikat gigi di pagi hari sejumlah 96%, tidak menyikat gigi pada malam hari sebelum tidur 69%, pernah mengunjungi dokter gigi dalam kurun waktu 1 tahun terakhir sejumlah 71%. Kesimpulan: Prevalensi pengalaman karies pada anak usia 12 tahun di SDN 01 Cilangkap masih tinggi. Faktor-faktor yang berasosiasi dengan pengalaman karies adalah kunjungan ke dokter gigi dalam kurun waktu 1 tahun terakhir.

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Background: Oral health plays an important role in general health. Many studies have reported that the occurrence of dental caries is influenced by various factors. Some researches reported that caries associated with some factors. Objective : To analyze the factors associated with dental caries experience among 12-years-old schoolchildren in Cilangkap, Jakarta Timur. Methods: This study used secondary data from a cross-sectional survey of 146 children aged 12 years at SDN 01 Cilangkap. Caries experience was measured using the DMFT index, and a questionnaire was used to measure the related variables. Results: Dental caries prevalence was 71%. Mean DMFT index was 2.27 ± 2.53, mean snacking frequency was 2.34 ± 1.02. Those who did not brush their teeth at night before going to sleep was 69%. Seventy one percent of respondents had a dental visit within a year. Conclusion: Prevalence of caries experience among schoolchildren in Cilangkap was high. Dental visit was the only factor that has association with dental caries."

"Karies merupakan penyakit rongga mulut yang banyak diderita oleh anak. Di Indonesia, sekitar 90% anak usia pra sekolah mengalami karies gigi. Salah satu pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan penilaian risiko kareis gigi. Penilaian risiko karies dapat menilai faktor-faktor risiko karies yang ada pada setiap individu. Penilaian risiko karies yang telah ada berupa formulir yang diisi oleh dokter gigi melalui wawancara dan pemeriksaan klinis. Selama masa pandemi, terjadi penurunan kunjungan orang tua untuk membawa anaknya ke dokter gigi. Sehingga pembuatan aplikasi penilaiain risiko karies CAMBRA Indonesia berbasis android dilakukan agar orang tua dapat menilai risiko karies gigi anak usia 0-5 tahun. Pemahaman seseorang terhadap suatu informasi dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendidikan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian tentang penilaian risiko karies CAMBRA Indonesia berbasis android “SKOR GIGI” untuk anak usia 0-5 tahun pada orang tua berpendidikan dasar dilakukan. Tujuan : penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hasil penilaian risiko karies gigi CAMBRA Indonesia berbasis android “SKOR GIGI” dengan formulir CAMBRA Indonesia untuk anak usia 0-5 tahun pada orang tua berpendidikan dasar. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini dilakukan di TK, PAUD dan RSGMP FKG UI. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan terhadap 37 orang tua dan anak yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan menandatangani surat persetujuan. Orang tua diminta untuk mengisi aplikasi “SKOR GIGI” kemudian setelah 6 hari, dokter gigi mengisi formulir CAMBRA Indonesia melalui wawancara dengan orang tua dan pemeriksaan klinis terhadap anak. Hasil pemeriksaan risiko karies aplikasi “SKOR GIGI” dengan formulir CAMBRA Indonesia diuji secara statistik. Hasil : Uji validitas menunjukkan angka sensitivitas sebesar 92,9%, spesifisitas sebesar 100%, NDP 100% dan NDN 81%. Dari uji komparasi didapatkan hasil tidak terdapat berbeda bermakna antara hasil aplikasi “SKOR GIGI” dengan formulir CAMBRA Indonesia. Kesimpulan : Tidak terdapat perbedaan hasil antara pemeriksaan risiko karies aplikasi “SKOR GIGI” dengan formulir CAMBRA Indonesia untuk anak usia 0-5 tahun dengan orang tua berpendidikan dasar.

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Caries is an oral disease that mostly affects children. In Indonesia, about 90% of pre-school age children experience dental caries. One of the prevention that can be done is by conducting a risk assessment of dental caries. Caries risk assessment can assess the caries risk factors that exist in each individual. The existing caries risk assessment is in the formulir of a formulir filled out by the dentist through interviews and clinical examinations. During the pandemic, there was a decrease in parental visits to take their children to the dentist. So that the creation of an Android-based CAMBRA Indonesia caries risk assessment application is carried out so that parents can assess the risk of dental caries in children aged 0-5 years. A person's understanding of an informuliration is influenced by the level of education. Therefore, a research on the caries risk assessment of CAMBRA Indonesia based on the android “SKOR GIGI” for children aged 0-5 years in parents with basic education was carried out. Objective: This study aims to see the results of the CAMBRA Indonesia dental caries risk assessment based on the android "SKOR GIGI" with CAMBRA Indonesia form for children aged 0-5 years in parents with basic education. Research Methods: This research was conducted in TK, PAUD and RSGMP FKG UI. Sampling was carried out on 37 parents and children who met the inclusion criteria and signed a letter of consent. Parents were asked to fill out the “SKOR GIGI” application then after 6 days, the dentist filled out CAMBRA Indonesia form through interviews with parents and clinical examination of the child. The results of the caries risk assessment using the “SKOR GIGI” application with CAMBRA Indonesia form were statistically tested. Results: The validity test showed a sensitivity of 92.9%, specificity of 100%, NDP 100% and NDN 81%. From the comparative test, the results showed that there was no significant difference between the results of the "SKOR GIGI" application and CAMBRA Indonesia form. Conclusion: There is no difference in the results between the caries risk assessment using the "SKOR GIGI" application and CAMBRA Indonesia form for children aged 0-5 years in parents with basic education."

"Latar Belakang: Berbagai studi menunjukkan hubungan status kesehatan gigi dan mulut orang tua dan anak. Keterlibatan pengaruh intergenerasi dalam paradigma life course memungkinkan penelitian untuk melihat hubungan pengalaman karies antar dua generasi dan faktor-faktor yang mungkin ada dalam lintas generasi. Objektif: Analisis hubungan pengalaman karies orang tua dan faktor-faktor tingkat individu dan keluarga dengan pengalaman karies anak pada gigi sulung usia 3-11 tahun di Indonesia. Metode: Studi observasional cross-sectional menggunakan data sekunder Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018 pada anak dengan gigi sulung usia 3-11 tahun beserta ayah dan ibu kandungnya yang dilakukan wawancara dan pemeriksaan klinis. Hasil: Anak-anak dengan ayah yang memiliki pengalaman karies (OR = 2,154) lebih berisiko untuk mengalami karies pada gigi sulung mereka dibandingkan ketika ibu mereka memiliki pengalaman karies (OR = 1,538). Persepsi tentang masalah kesehatan gigi anak (OR = 1,412), praktik menyikat gigi anak (OR = 1,257), dan praktik menyikat gigi ibu (OR = 1,248) memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan pengalaman karies anak. Perilaku dalam keluarga menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna antara orang tua dan anak-anak mereka. Kesimpulan: Pengalaman karies orang tua, begitu pula faktor-faktor tingkat individu dan keluarga, memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan pengalaman karies anak pada gigi sulung; sejalan dengan model life course intergenerasi.

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Background: Several studies show association between parent’s oral health status and that of their children. Intergenerational complicity in life course approach paradigm enables investigation to assess the relationship between two generations’ caries experience and factors that may exist across generation.

Objective: Analyse relationship between parent’s caries experience, as well as individual-and family-level factors, with their children’s caries experience in primary teeth aged 3-11 years in Indonesia.

Method: Cross-sectional observational study using secondary data Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018 on children with primary teeth aged 3-11 years with their biological father and mother who went through interview and clinical examination.

Results: Children whose father has caries experience (OR = 2,154) pose a greater risk of having caries experience in their primary teeth compared to when their mother has it (OR = 1,538). Perception about child’s dental health (OR = 1,412), child’s toothbrushing practice (OR = 1,257), and mother’s toothbrushing practice (OR = 1,248) were significantly associated with children’s caries experience. Behaviors established within family show significant association between parents and their children.

Conclusion: Parent’s caries experience, as well as individual-and family-level factors, have significant association with their children’s primary teeth caries experience; which complies with intergenerational life course model."

"Latar Belakang: Karies melibatkan banyak faktor dalam proses pembetukan dan perkembangannya. CAMBRA adalah metode penilaian risiko karies yang melibatkan banyak faktor dalam perhitungannya. CAMBRA telah digunakan secar umum dan CAMBRA versi bahasa Indonesia untuk usia 0-5 tahun telah dibuat dan tervalidasi. CAMBRA membutuhkan pemeriksaan klinis dan wawancara dalam penilaian risiko karies yang terkadang menjadi keterbatasan karena membutuhkan kontak langsung. Smartphone dan aplikasi kesehatan di dalamnya merupakan salah satu bentuk perkembangan teknologi yang memungkinkan pejaringan informasi tanpa kontak langsung. Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan hasil penilaian risiko karies pada aplikasi SKOR GIGI dan CAMBRA versi bahasa Indonesia pada anak usia 0-5 tahun tanpa karies. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian dilakukan di RSKMG FKG UI, taman kanak-kanak, dan PAUD. Subjek penelitian adalah 36 orang tua dengan anak usia 0-5 tahun tanpa karies yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sampel mengisi aplikasi SKOR GIGI secara mandiri dan 6 hari kemudian dilakukan penilaian risiko karies dengan CAMBRA versi bahasa Indonesi. Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna hasil penilaian risiko karies dengan aplikasi SKOR GIGI dan CAMBRA versi bahasa Indonesia pada anak usia 0-5 tahun tanpa karies. Kesimpulan: Aplikasi SKOR GIGI dapat digunakan untuk menilai risiko karies anak usia 0-5 tahun

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Background: Many factors are involved in caries formation and development. CAMBRA is a caries risk assessment method that involves many factors in its calculation. CAMBRA is widely used and Indonesian version of CAMBRA for ages 0-5 has been made and validated. CAMBRA requires clinical examination and interviews in assessing caries rich which sometimes can be a limitation because it requires direct contact. Smartphones and health applications are developed nowadays to allow information gathering without direct contact.

Objective: To analyze the differences in results of caries risk assessment by CAMBRA Indonesian version and SKOR GIGI application in 0-5 years children without caries.

Methods: The study was conducted at RSKMG FKG UI, kindergarten, and PAUD. Subjects were 36 parents with children aged 0-5 in accordance with the inclusion criteria. The sample filled out SKOR GIGI application independently and 6 days later a caries risk assessment was carried out using CAMBRA Indonesia version.

Results: There was no significant difference in the results of the caries risk assessment by SKOR GIGI application and CAMBRA Indonesian version in 0-5 years children without caries.

Conclusion: SKOR GIGI application can be used to assess the caries risk of children aged 0-5 years."

"Karies gigi adalah salah satu penyakit menular kronis yang palingumum pada anak-anak usia prasekolah. Bentuk agresif karies gigi pada gigi sulung anakdi bawah, sampai dengan usia 71 bulan disebut dengan Early Childhood Caries (ECC).Indonesia melaporkan prevalensi dan keparahan ECC yang tinggi hingga mencapai angka90%. DKI Jakarta memiliki prevalensi sebesar 81,2%. Faktor risiko utama ECC yaituhost (gigi dan saliva), mikroorganisme kariogenik, dan karbohidrat (substrat).Mikroorganisme kariogenik yang berperan yaitu Streptococcus mutans. Penelitian diJakarta pada anak usia 3-5 tahun yang memiliki karies, menunjukkan bahwa serotipe fmerupakan jenis yang paling banyak di temukan (85,5%), diikuti dengan serotipe c(74,2%), serotipe e (22,6%) dan serotipe d (19,4%). Penelitian lainnya di Jakartamenemukan bahwa kombinasi serotipe c dan f lebih tinggi pada anak yang memilikikaries. Streptococcus mutans serotipe c dan f berperan dalam patogenesis karies gigi, haltersebut sesuai dengan tingginya tingkat karies gigi di Indonesia. Salah satu faktor hostyaitu saliva, merupakan cairan tubuh yang kompleks yang terdiri dari unsur-unsurorganik dan anorganik yang penting untuk kesehatan rongga mulut. Komposisi proteinsaliva seperti Lactoferrin sangat penting karena memiliki kemampuan antibakteri sertaberperan dalam sistem imun bawaan dan adaptif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmenganalisis kadar Lactoferrin saliva antara anak Early Childhood Caries (ECC) danbebas karies pada usia 3-5 tahun. Metode penelitian: Desain penelitian ini adalah potonglintang analitik secara laboratorik. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 14 anak dengan ECCdan 14 anak bebas karies. Saliva didapat dari seluruh subjek dan kadar LF diukurmenggunakan metode ELISA sandwich. Hasil: Analisis data menggunakan uji MannWhitney U menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar Lactoferrin anakECC dan anak bebas karies dengan nilai p=0,006 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: KadarLactoferrin saliva anak Early Childhood Caries (ECC) lebih tinggi dari anak bebas kariesyang menunjukkan bahwa Lactoferrin dapat menjadi indikator peningkatan risiko EarlyChildhood Caries (ECC).Backgrounds: Dental caries is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases inpreschool children. The aggressive form of dental caries in the primary teeth of childrenunder and up to the age of 71 months is called Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Indonesiareports a high prevalence and severity of ECC (90%). DKI Jakarta has a prevalence81.2%. The main risk factors for ECC are hosts (teeth and saliva), cariogenicmicroorganisms, and carbohydrates (substrates). The cariogenic microorganisms thatplay a role are Streptococcus mutans. Research in Jakarta on children aged 3-5 years whohad caries, showed that serotype f was the most common type (85.5%), followed byserotype c (74.2%), serotype e (22.6%) and serotype d (19.4%). Another study in Jakartafound that the combination of serotypes c and f was higher in children with caries.Streptococcus mutans serotypes c and f play a role in the pathogenesis of dental caries,which is consistent with the high level of dental caries in Indonesia. One of host factor,saliva, is a complex body fluid consist of organic and inorganic elements that areimportant for oral health. Salivary protein such as Lactoferrin is very important becauseit has antibacterial ability and plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunesystem. The purpose of this study is to analyze Lactoferrin levels between EarlyChildhood Caries (ECC) and caries-free children aged 3-5 years. Methods: The designof this study is cross-sectional analytical laboratory. This study was conducted on 14children with ECC and 14 caries-free children. Saliva were taken from all subjects and theLactoferrin levels were measured using ELISA sandwich method. Results: Data analysisusing the Mann Whitney U test showed that there were significant differences betweenthe levels of salivary Lactoferrin in children with ECC and caries-free children with pvalue0,006 (p<0,05). Conclusion: Salivary Lactoferrin levels in Early ChildhoodCaries (ECC) were higher than caries-free children which indicate that Lactoferrin canbe an indicator of an increased risk of Early Childhood Caries (ECC)."