Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"This study examined how relocation to a new community affects intimacy and companionship in close friendships by comparing experiences of early adolescents who began their 7th or 8th grade school year in a new community (111 boys, 96 girls) with those of residentially stable agemates (30 boys, 38 girls). Drawing from a developmental- contextual, multisystem conceptual framework and using a person-centered analytic approach, the study provides strong evidence that most adolescents experience a relatively brief period of diminished access to companionship and intimacy with close friends following relocation. The extent of diminution may be greater for adolescents with social anxiety or behavioral concerns. Findings have implications for families who are facing a move and for clinicians working with recently relocated adolescents"

"This study's aims were (a) to investigate the feasibility of a school-based motivational enhancement therapy (MET) intervention in voluntarily attracting adolescents who smoke marijuana regularly but who are not seeking formal treatment and (b) to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention in reducing marijuana use. Ninety-seven adolescents who had used marijuana at least 9 times in the past month were randomly assigned to either an immediate 2-session MET intervention or to a 3-month delay condition. Two thirds of the sample characterized themselves as in the precontemplation or contemplation stages of change regarding marijuana use. Participants' marijuana use and associated negative consequences were assessed at baseline and at a 3-month follow-up. Analyses revealed that both groups significantly reduced marijuana use at the 3-month follow-up ( p = .001); however, no between-group differences were observed. Despite the absence of a clear effect of MET, this study demonstrated that adolescents could be attracted to participate in a voluntary marijuana intervention that holds promise for reducing problematic levels of marijuana use."

"The impact of early therapeutic alliance was examined in 100 clients receiving either individual cognitive- behavioral therapy (CBT) or family therapy for adolescent substance abuse. Observational ratings of adolescent alliance in CBT and adolescent and parent alliance in family therapy were used to predict treatment retention (in CBT only) and outcome (drug use, externalizing, and internalizing symptoms in both conditions) at post and 6-month follow-up. There were no alliance effects in CBT. In family therapy, stronger parent alliance predicted declines in drug use and externalizing. Adolescents with weak early alliances that subsequently improved by midtreatment showed significantly greater reductions in externalizing than adolescents whose alliances declined. Results underscore the need for ongoing developmental calibration of intervention theory and practice for adolescent clinical populations."

"In this study, the authors investigated the efficacy of the Youth-Nominated Support Team-Version 1 (YST-1), a psychoeducational social network intervention, with 289 suicidal, psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents (197 girls, 92 boys). Adolescents were randomly assigned to treatment-as-usual plus YST-1 or treatment-as-usual only. Assessments were completed pre- and postintervention (6 months). There were no main effects for YST-1 on suicide ideation or attempts, internalizing symptoms, or related functional impairment. Relative to other girls, however, those who received YST-1 reported greater decreases in self-reported suicidal ideation (actually treated analytic strategy) and significantly greater decreases in mood-related functional impairment reported by their parents (intent to treat and actually treated analytic strategies). This is the first randomized controlled clinical trial to investigate the efficacy of a social network intervention with suicidal youths."

"Remaja usia transisi rentan mengalami masalah kesehatan jiwa dan sekitar 50–75% masalah kesehatan jiwa muncul pada usia 14–24 tahun. Pada usia tersebut terjadi perubahan biologis, psikologis dan lingkungan yang dapat menimbulkan stres sehingga remaja perlu beradaptasi. Mahasiswa merupakan remaja usia transisi yang rentan terhadap stres sehingga perlu dilatih untuk meningkatkan ketahanan mental (resiliensi). Namun, belum ada modul penguatan kesehatan jiwa bagi mahasiswa usia transisi sehingga diperlukan modul yang efektif memperkuat kesehatan jiwa berdasarkan aspek biospikososial. Desain penelitian ini adalah mixed method research, yaitu exploratory sequencial method dengan penelitian kualitatif untuk pengembangan modul yang diikuti penelitian kuantitatif untuk menilai efektivitas modul. Penelitian dilakukan di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia (FKUI) pada bulan September 2020 sampai Januari 2022. Subjek penelitian kualitatif adalah 20 mahasiswa FKUI serta 12 ahli yang terdiri atas psikiater, psikolog dan dosen. Mahasiswa dipilih secara random sedangkan para ahli dipilih dengan consecutive sampling. Data dari mahasiswa diambil dengan wawancara mendalam dan dari para ahli dilakukan metode delphi. Uji efektivitas terhadap resiliensi mahasiswa dilakukan secara kuasi eksperimental dengan pengukuran berulang pada minggu ke-4, ke-8, ke-12. Tema modul adalah “Transisi dan Adaptasi Menuju Resiliensi: Modul Kenali Stres dan Penguatan Kesehatan Jiwa dalam Proses Adaptasi Mahasiswa Baru di Fakultas Kedokteran”. Kepuasan mahasiswa terhadap modul diukur dengan instrumen CSQ-I dan diperoleh skor 37,4 (SB 3,81) dari skor maksimal 40. Uji validitas dan reliabilitas pada kuesioner pengetahuan, sikap terhadap kesehatan jiwa, dan perilaku mencari bantuan diperoleh rentang I-CVI 0,7–1,0, serta nilai S-CVI untuk masing-masing kuesioner 0,87; 0,90 dan 0,99. Reliabilitas kuesioner diuji dengan cronbach’s alpha dan diperoleh nilai 0,521; 0,780; dan 0,852. Pengukuran biomarker kortisol menurun bermakna pada kelompok perlakuan (uji Wilcoxon, p < 0,001), sedangkan kadar enzim alfa-amilase saliva tidak berbeda bermakna. Nilai resiliensi yang diukur dengan kuesioner CD-RISC meningkat bermakna pada kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan kontrol pada minggu ke-4, ke-8 dan ke-12 (Uji ANOVA two way, p < 0,001). Terdapat juga peningkatan bermakna pada pengetahuan (uji ANOVA two way, p < 0,001), sikap dan perilaku terhadap kesehatan jiwa (uji ANOVA two way, p < 0,001). Terdapat penurunan bermakna (uji ANOVA two way, p < 0,001) skor persepsi terhadap stres yang diukur dengan kuesioner PSS. Skor depresi pada kelompok perlakuan yang diukur dengan kuesioner DASS pada minggu ke-12 menunjukkan penurunan bermakna (uji Wilcoxon, p < 0,001), demikian juga dengan ansietas (uji Wilcoxon, p < 0,001) dan stres (uji Wilcoxon, p < 0,001). Disimpulkan modul penguatan kesehatan jiwa dapat diterima dan diterapkan pada mahasiswa tingkat pertama di FKUI karena efektif meningkatkan kekuatan menghadapi stres dari aspek biopsikososial......Adolescents of transitional age are vulnerable to mental health problems, and about 50–75% of mental health problems arise at the age of 14–24 years. At that age, biological, psychological and environmental changes can cause stress, so adolescents need to adapt. Students are teenagers of transition-age prone to stress, so they need to be trained to increase mental resilience. However, there is no module for strengthening mental health for transitional-aged students, so an effective module is needed based on biopsychosocial aspects. This research design is mixed-method research, namely exploratory sequential method with qualitative research for module development followed by quantitative research to assess the module’s effectiveness. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia (FKUI) from September 2020–January 2022. The subjects of the qualitative research were 20 FKUI students and 12 experts consisting of psychiatrists, psychologists and lecturers. Students were selected randomly, while the experts were selected by consecutive sampling. Data from students were taken through in-depth interviews, and from the experts, the Delphi method was used. The effectiveness test on student resilience was conducted in a quasi-experimental manner with repeated measurements at the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks. The module’s theme is “Transition and Adaptation Towards Resilience: Recognizing Stress and Strengthening Mental Health in the Adaptation Process of New Students at the Faculty of Medicine”. Student’s satisfaction with the module was measured using the CSQ-I instrument and a score of 37.4 (SB 3.81) out of a maximum score of 40. The validity and reliability test of the knowledge, attitudes toward mental health and help-seeking behaviour questionnaires obtained the I-CVI range of 0.7–1.0, while the S-CVI value for each questionnaire was 0.87; 0.90 and 0.99. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested with Cronbach’s alpha and obtained a value of 0.521; 0.780; and 0.852. Cortisol measurement decreased significantly in the treatment group (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001), while salivary alpha-amylase enzyme levels were not significantly different. The value of resilience as measured by the CD-RISC questionnaire increased significantly in the treatment group compared to the control group at week 4, 8, 12 (ANOVA two way test, p < 0.001). There were significant improvement in knowledge (ANOVA two way test, p < 0.001) and in attitudes and behaviour toward mental health (ANOVA two way, p < 0.001). The PSS questionnaire measured a significant decrease (ANOVA two way, p < 0.001) in perceived stress scores. Depression scores as measured by the DASS questionnaire at week 12 showed significant differences (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001), as did anxiety (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001) and stress (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001). It is concluded that the mental health strengthening module can be accepted and applied to first-year students at FKUI because it effectively increases the strength to deal with stress from a biopsychosocial aspect."

"Manusia sering menghadapi kondisi dimana ia harus melakukan sebuah pertaruhan, yakni pada sebuah kondisi yang hasilnya ditentukan oleh kejadian acak dan manusia dapat mengalami kekeliruan dalam menilai berbagai hal saat dihadapkan pada kejadian acak. Terlebih lagi pada remaja yang memiliki kecenderungan untuk bertindak dengan penuh resiko, potensi kerugian yang akan diderita oleh remaja menjadi lebih besar. Salah satu kekeliruan yang mungkin dialami adalah hot-hand fallacy, yakni kecenderungan seseorang untuk menganggap peluang terjadinya suatu kejadian semakin membesar setelah ia mengalaminya sebanyak beberapa kali secara berturut-turut. Hot-hand fallacy dapat terjadi karena dipicu beberapa hal, salah satu pemicunya adalah persepsi seseorang terhadap kendali yang dimilikinya. Semakin seseorang menganggap dirinya memiliki kendali, maka ia akan semakin cenderung mengalami hot-hand fallacy. Di sisi lain, terdapat sebuah fenomena yang disebut illusion of control, yakni persepsi adanya kendali pada kejadian yang sebenarnya ditentukan secara acak. Karena salah satu pemicu hot-hand fallacy adalah persepsi adanya kendali, dan illusion of control memunculkan persepsi tersebut, maka penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan adanya pengaruh illusion of control terhadap kemunculan hot-hand fallacy pada remaja. Penelitian dilakukan kepada 55 subyek dengan metode eksperimen. Subyek diminta untuk bertaruh mengenai kartu yang akan keluar (merah atau biru) dan dilihat besar taruhannya saat menghadapi rentetan kemenangan serta kekalahan. Pada kelompok eksperimen partisipan bisa memilih kartu yang hendak dibuka, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak. Dari hasil penelitian ini akhirnya diketahui bahwa illusion of control memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kemunculan hot-hand fallacy pada remaja.

---

As human, we often find ourself in a condition where we have to gamble. Meanwhile, gambling is still considered as a social pathology. Whereas if we refer to the scientific definition of gambling, there are many gambling activity in our daily life and adolescence has the most tendency to take risky decision, gambling included. The result of gambling activity is determined randomly, and human have a certain bias and fallacies when they face random events. One of those fallacies is the hot-hand fallacy, a tendency to assume that a streak will be more likely to continue. Hot-hand fallacy can be triggered by many things, including the perception of control upon the situation. The more someone assume that they have control; they are more likely to experience hot-hand fallacy.

There are also a phenomenon called the illusion of control, which defined as the perception of control over objectively chance-determined events. Perception of control is one of the trigger of hot-hand fallacy, and illusion of control could make someone perceive control upon the situation, therefore the researcher hypothesized that illusion of control may have influence upon the emergence of hot-hand fallacy on adolescence and do this research to test that hypothesis. Fifty five subjects are participating in this experiment, and they are given a gambling task where they have to gamble on which card would appears next (red or blue). The participants of experimental group may choose which card to open, while the participants of control group may not. This research found that there is a significant influence of the illusion of control to the emergence of hot-hand fallacy in adolescent."

"This study examined the relationship between father involvement and moral reasoning in middle adolescent. Father involvement is defined as the extent to which father participate or involved in various aspects of the child’s life, and father’s warmth and acceptance that felt by the child. Moral reasoning is defined as a judgment process about specific action, whether that action is considered as right or wrong. In this study, father involvement is measured by Nurturant Fathering and Father Involvement Scale from Finley and Schwartz (2004), and moral reasoning is measured by The Defining Issues Test which has been developed by Rest (1979). This study is conducted to high school students, age from 15 to 18 years old, in Jabodetabek (N=308). The result of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between father involvement and moral reasoning in middle adolescent (r=+0,154, p<0,01, two-tailed; r=+0,13, p<0,05, two-tailed.

---

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melihat hubungan antara keterlibatan ayah dan penalaran moral pada remaja madya. Keterlibatan ayah didefinisikan sebagai seberapa jauh ayah turut berpartisipasi atau terlibat dalam berbagai aspek-aspek kehidupan anak, serta kehangatan dan penerimaan yang diperoleh oleh anak dari ayahnya. Sedangkan penalaran moral didefinisikan sebagai sebuah proses pembuatan penilaian mengenai tindakan spesifik, apakah tindakan tersebut benar atau salah. Keterlibatan ayah diukur menggunakan alat ukur Nurturant Fathering and Father Involvement Scales dari Finley dan Schwartz (2004), sedangkan penalaran moral diukur menggunakan alat ukur The Defining Issues Test yang dikembangkan oleh Rest (1979). Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap siswa SMA yang berusia 15 hingga 18 tahun di Jabodetabek (N=308). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan ayah memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan penalaran moral pada remaja madya (r=+0,154, p<0.01, two-tailed; r = +0,13, p < 0.05, two-tailed)."