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"Manuela Mura's thesis is devoted to ab initio studies of self-assembled organic molecules on a gold surface. This area of research is particularly vibrant because of the various applications such studies have in nanoscience and surface chemistry and physics. In this thesis Manuela Mura uses theory to suggest atomistic models for the observed assembled and she proposes an assembly mechanism. The methods and results developed as part of this work will be of wide interest to physicists and chemists working on the assemblies of organic molecules on crystal surfaces."

"This book about fluorinated liquid crystals : design of soft nanostructures and increased complexity of self-assembly by perfluorinated segments, liquid crystalline crown ethers, star-shaped mesogens – hekates : the most basic star structure with three branches, DNA-based soft phases, phases made of bent-core mesogens, achiral symmetry breaking in liquid crystalline phases, and nanoparticles in liquid crystals and liquid crystalline nanoparticles, stimuli-responsive photoluminescent liquid crystals."

"TDI (toluene diiocyanate) serves as a hardener in the manufacture of composite propellant. The manufacture of TDI steps are long enough, one of which is the formation of toluene dicarbamate which will be decomposed to form TDI. To make toluene dicarbamate own needs an organic carbonate compound as the reactan. Then, the study of organic carbonates need to be done to choose the suitable one of the process and easy in manufacture and availability of the basic materials. Study results obtained the manufacture of organic carbonates (dimethyl carbonate) with the basic materials of methanol and urea. Reactions were carried out in autoclave reactor equipped with magnetic stirrer and reflux column to separate ammonia. Reaction run at T = 180ºC, with a catalyst of CaO-Carbon alloys."

"Sintesis ZnO-NP, WO3-NP, dan nanomaterial ZnO-WO3 dilakukan menggunakan ekstrak daun tembakau sebagai sumber basa lemah dan capping agent. Nanopartikel dan nanomaterial hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR, UV-Vis DRS, dan XRD. Hasil karakterisasi dengan FTIR menunjukkan adanya ikatan Zn-O dan W-O pada nanomaterial ZnO-WO3. Hasil karakterisasi UV-Vis DRS menunjukkan bahwa ZnO-NP memiliki band gap 3.21 eV, WO3-NP memiliki band gap 2.30 eV, dan nanomaterial ZnO-WO3 memiliki band gap 2.60 eV. Hasil karakterisasi XRD menunjukkan bahwa ZnO-NP memiliki struktur kristal heksagonal, WO3-NP memiliki struktur kristal triklinik, dan nanomaterial ZnO-WO3 memiliki peak gabungan ZnO-NP dan WO3-NP. Adanya peak baru mengindikasikan terbentuknya struktur baru jejaring ZnO dan WO3. ZnO-NP hasil sintesis memiliki ukuran kristalin sebesar 37.31 nm dan WO3-NP hasil sintesis memiliki ukuran kristalin sebesar 25.35 nm. Aktivitas fotokatalitik nanopartikel ZnO, WO3, dan nanomaterial ZnO-WO3 dilakukan pemodelan degradasi terhadap metilen biru. Aktivitas fotodegradasi metilen biru terjadi peningkatan dibawah sinar tampak dengan nanomaterial ZnO-WO3. Hasil menunjukan bahwa selama 90 menit, degradasi metilen biru menggunakan nanomaterial ZnO-WO3 sebesar 84.19 , sedangkan degradasi metilen biru menggunakan ZnO-NP sebesar 37.86 dan degradasi metilen biru menggunakan WO3-NP sebesar 40.65.

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In this research, we synthesize ZnO NP, WO3 NP, and nanomaterial ZnO WO3 using tobacco leaves extract as a weak base source and capping agent. The synthesized nanoparticle and nanomaterial are characterized using FTIR, UV Vis DRS, and XRD. FTIR characterization shows that there are Zn O and W O bond for nanomaterial ZnO WO3. UV Vis DRS characterization shows that ZnO NP has a band gap of 3.21 eV, WO3 NP has a band gap of 2.30 eV, and nanomaterial ZnO WO3 has a band gap of 2.60 eV. XRD characterization shows that ZnO NP has a hexagonal crystal structure, WO3 NP has a triclinic crystal structure, and nanomaterial ZnO WO3 has some peaks combination of ZnO NP and WO3 NP, also there are some new peaks indicates there is a new structure which is ZnO NP and WO3 NP make a network. ZnO NP has a crystalline size of 37.31 nm and WO3 NP has a crystalline size of 25.35 nm. Photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles and nanomaterial is observed by degrading methylene blue as a model in this research. It shows an enhancement of fotodegradation activity of methylene blue under visible light using nanomaterial ZnO WO3 if it is compared with the ZnO NP and WO3 NP, which is under irradiation through 90 minutes, we obtain degradation of ZnO WO3 is 84.19 , whereas for ZnO NP is 37.86 and for WO3 NP is 40.65."

"Kitosan merupakan polimer alam bersifat polikationik, biodegradabel dan biokompatibel yang berpotensi sebagai sediaan lepas terkendali. Pentoksifillin merupakan obat yang memiliki efek anti inflamasi dan penekan daya imun digunakan sebagai model obat. Beads kitosan-tpp mengandung pentoksifillin dibuat dengan metode gelasi ionik pada pH natrium tripolifosfat 3, 4 dan 5. Beads dikarakterisasi menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) dan ayakan bertingkat. Uji kandungan obat, efisiensi penjerapan pentoksifillin dalam beads dan pelepasan obat ditetapkan secara spektrofotometri. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa beads yang dihasilkan berbentuk bulat berwarna kuning agak keputihan dengan ukuran rata-rata 710 - 1180 μm. Kandungan obat dalam beads dari ketiga formula, yaitu 10,46%, 10,18%, dan 10,41%. Efisiensi penjerapan dari ketiga formula tersebut tidak berbeda signifikan, yaitu 20,74%, 19,73%, dan 20,61%. Pada uji disolusi obat dalam medium HCl pH 1,2, dapar fosfat pH 7,4, dan dapar fosfat pH 6 terlihat bahwa pelepasan obat tidak berbeda secara signifikan. Obat dapat terlepas hampir seluruhnya pada menit ke 30. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa beads kitosan-tripolifosfat dengan perbedaan pH tidak berbeda secara signifikan dalam bentuk, ukuran, efisiensi penjerapan dan pelepasan obatnya.

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Chitosan is a natural polymer with polycationic, biodegradable and biocompatible characteristics, has the potential as controlled release delivery. Pentoxyfilline has inflammatory and immunosuppressive used as a model drug. Chitosan-tpp beads containing pentoxyfilline prepared by ionic gelation method in pH of sodium tripolyphosphate 3, 4 and 5. Beads characrerized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and sieveing grade. Drug content, encapsulation efficiency of pentoxyfilline in beads and drug release decided by spectrofotometry.

Characterization result shows that beads which produced have a spherical form and have yellow-white color with mean size 710 - 1180 μm. Drug Content from three formulas are 10,46%, 10,18%, and 10,41%. Encapsulation efficiency from three formula did not differ significantly, which are 20,74%, 19,73%, and 20,61%. On the disolution test of drug in the medium HCl pH 1.2, dapar phosphate pH 7.4 and phosphate dapar pH 6 looks that the release of the drug does not differ significantly. All of drug released in 30 minutes. Result shows that chitosan - tripolyphosphate beads different in pH did not differ significantly in encapsulation efficiency and the release of drug."