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"An oral health behavior and caries occurrence survey had been performed in 663 children of the 12 years old in Palembang and would be compared to the Dutch children. The subjects were selected in astratified random sampling for the cross sectional design. The results revealed that the knowledge, attitude and behavior of oral health of the children in Palembang were lower. Dental fear between the two groups showed a significant factor with dental caries occurence. However, among the children in Palembang showed that the group without caries had no dental fear twice higher than the group with dental caries. (p<0.05. OR: 0.56. Cl 0.38:0.79)."

"Latar belakang : Pelaksanaan penjaringan sebagai tindakan pencegahan karies gigi melalui identifikasi faktor risiko dan deteksi dini memiliki kendala seperti keterbatasan waktu dan tenaga kesehatan. Di sisi lain, kamera intraoral dengan resolusi yang baik, integrasi penyimpanan, dan konektivitas nirkabel mulai dimanfaatkan di komunitas dan kegiatan penjaringan. Tujuan: Untuk mendapatkan informasi sikap dan kepuasan siswa serta sikap dan penerimaan operator terhadap penggunaan kamera intraoral dalam penjaringan karies gigi. Mengetahui perbedaan sikap dan kepuasan siswa dengan berbagai karakteristik. Metode: Studi pre-experimental dengan instrumen kuesioner terhadap 191 siswa kelas enam sekolah dasar negeri di Jakarta Pusat dan Jakarta Selatan serta pada 26 Mahasiswa Profesi Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia sebagai operator. Hasil: Mayoritas siswa memiliki sikap yang positif dan merasa puas setelah pemeriksaan. Operator memiliki sikap dan penerimaan yang positif. Berdasarkan uji Chi-Square, didapatkan perbedaan proporsi yang bermakna (p <0,05) antara wilayah sekolah dasar dengan sikap awal siswa dan jenis kelamin dengan kepuasan siswa. Kesimpulan: Mayoritas siswa belum pernah diperiksa dengan kamera intraoral sebelumnya. Kamera intraoral diterima dengan positif untuk penjaringan karies gigi. Mayoritas operator belum pernah menggunakan kamera intraoral sebelumnya. Penggunaan alat ini dapat diperkenalkan lebih luas kepada mahasiswa kedokteran gigi. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat mencoba ke tenaga kesehatan lain atau non tenaga kesehatan.

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Background: The implementation of screening as a preventive measure for dental caries through risk factor identification and early detection has constraints such as time constraints and lack of health workers. On the other hand, intraoral cameras with good resolution, storage integration, and wireless connectivity are starting to be used in communities and screening programs. Objective: To describe the attitudes and satisfaction of students, the attitudes and acceptance of operators towards the use of intraoral cameras in dental caries screening. To find out the significant differences ini attitudes and satisfaction of students with various student characteristics. Methods: Preexperimental study using questionnaire for 191 sixth grade students of public elementary schools in Central Jakarta and South Jakarta and 26 dental professions students of Universitas Indonesia as operators. Results: The majority of students had a positive attitude and were satisfied after the examination. Operators had positive attitudes and acceptance. Based on the Chi-Square test, there was a significant difference in proportion (p < 0.05) between elementary school region and students’ initial attitude, gender and students’ satisfaction. Conclusion: The majority of students had never been examined with an intraoral camera before. The intraoral camera was positively accepted for dental caries screening. The majority of operators had never used an intraoral camera before. The use of this tool can be introduced more widely to dental students. Future research can try this method to other health workers or non-health workers"

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ABSTRAK

Kualitas sumber daya manusia di suatu negara dapat dilihat dari derajat kesehatan masyarakatnya. Hal ini meliputi kesehatan tubuh secara menyeluruh ataupun kesehatan gigi dan mulut secara khusus. Kesadaran akan pentingnya menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia tergolong masih sangat rendah. Masalah terbesar yang dihadapi penduduk Indonesia seperti juga di negara-negara berkembang lainnya dibidang kesehatan gigi dan mulut  adalah karies gigi.Salah satu tujuan oral health2020 yang telah disepakati World Health Organization (WHO), Federation Dentaire Internationale(FDI) dan International Association for Dental Research(IADR) untuk penyakit gigi di Indonesia adalah mengurangi komponendecaypada usia 12 tahun. Namun, pada survey nasional Riskesdas tahun 2007 sampai dengan tahun 2018 jumlah penderita karies terus mengalami peningkatan, oleh karena itu pada penelitian kali ini difokuskan untuk melihat hubungan antara konsumsi kariogenik dan menyikat gigi terhadap pengalaman karies gigi tetap pada kelompok usia 12 tahun karena pada usia ini hampir seluruh gigi tetap telah erupsi, kecuali gigi geraham dua dan tiga. Metode:Penelitian cross-sectional pada 540 anak berusia 12 tahun melalui pemeriksaan klinis dan wawancara yang didapatkan dari data Riskesdas 2018. Hasil: Prevalensi karies gigi untuk anak usia 12 tahun adalah 65,1%. Karies memiliki perbedaan bermakna yang siginfikan (p<0,05) dengan self reported of oral health, sosial ekonomi, dan domisili. Namun, tidak memiliki perbedaan bermakna secara signifikan (p>0,05) dengan konsumsi makanan kariogenik dan menyikat gigi. Kesimpulan:tidak ada hubungan antara anak yang memiliki kebiasaan mengkonsumsi makanan kariogenik dan memiliki frekuensi menyikat gigi yang baik dengan jumlah karies gigi.

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ABSTRACT

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The quality of human resources in a country can be assessed from the degree of public health includes bodily health in general as well as oral health specifically. Awareness of the importance of maintaining oral health in developing countries, including Indonesia, is still very low. The biggest oral health problem in Indonesia as well as in other developing countries is dental caries. One of the 2020 oral health goals that has been approved by the World Health Organization (WHO), the Federation of Dentaire Internationale (FDI) and the International Association for Dental Research (IADR) for dental disease in Indonesia is to reduce the tooth decay component of 12 year-old children. However, based on the Riskesdas data from 2007 to 2018, the number of caries experiences continued to increase, therefore this study aims to determinethe relationship between cariogenic consumption and tooth brushing behavior on dental caries experience in the 12-year age group because at this age almost all permanent teeth had erupted, except for two and three molars. Methods:A cross-sectional study of 540 children aged 12 years old through clinical examinations and interviews using Riskesdas 2018 data. Results: The prevalence of dental caries in children aged 12 years was 65.1%. There was a statistically significant difference (p <0.05) between dental caries and self reported of oral health, socioeconomic, and domicile, but there was no significant difference (p>0,05) between dental caries and cariogenic food consumption and tooth brushing. Conclusion:there is no correlation between children who have the habit of consuming cariogenic food and have a good frequency of tooth brushing with the number of dental caries.

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"Background: The general objective of this study is to describe dental health condition of Indonesian aged 12 years or over using Basic Health Research 2007 data. The specific objective is (1) to determine the prevalence of dental caries among the study population based on their socio-demographic characteristics (2) to determine determinants of their dental health, (3) to determine magnitude of each determinant in term of Odds ratio and (4) to determine their DMFT - index. Methods:This is a combination of descriptive (estimatian and prevalence) study and analytic (using Odds ratio to describe relation between independent and dependent variable). In the year 2007, the provinces of highest prevalence of dental caries in lndonesia are Jambi, Bangka Belitung, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, dan Sulawesi Utara. Results: Dental caries prevalence in urban (38%) is not far different from that in rural (35%). The same is true between men (37.4%) and women (35%). Rural community have caries risk 1,329 times more than urban community Woman have dental caries risk 2,186 times more than man. Non regular tooth brusher have caries risk 1,66 times more than the regular tooth brush er. Non filtered cigarette use increasing dental caries risk. Non filtered cigarette use increasing dental caries risk have caries risk 1,461 times more than non smoker. The last determinant that causing the level of caries after multivariate analysis test are the type of area, all the level of age, 26-44 years old, <::: 45 years old, education in senior high school and university, the habit use tobacco without filter, and man community"

"Ibu memiliki peran penting dalam keluarga, terutama dalam pembentukan perilaku kesehatan gigi dan mulut anaknya karena ibu merupakan pengasuh utama dalam keluarga. Molar permanen pertama rentan terhadap karies karena gigi ini merupakan gigi permanen yang pertama kali tumbuh dan banyak tidak mengetahui keberadaan gigi ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan perilaku kesehatan gigi-mulut ibu dengan angka karies molar permanen pertama pada anak. Disain penelitian adalah analitik deskriptif potong lintang. Variabel yang dihubungkan adalah perilaku kesehatan gigi-mulut ibu dengan angka karies molar permanen pertama. Kuisioner untuk menilai perilaku kesehatan gigi-mulut ibu melalui model Knowledge, Attiude, and Practice (KAP) dan pemeriksaan karies dilakukan secara klinis mengikuti WHO. Perilaku kesehatan gigi-mulut ibu dinilai dari pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan kesehatan gigi-mulut ibu. Analisa statistic dengan uji komparasi Mann-Whitney dan Kruskal-Wallis, serta uji korelasi menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman. Uji komparasi antara karakteristik ibu dengan angka karies molar permanen pertama pada anak memperlihatkan ada perbedaan tidak bermakna (p ³ 0,05). Uji korelasi antara perilaku kesehatan gigi-mulut ibu dengan angka karies molar permanen pertama menunjukkan korelasi kuat (r ³ 0, 66) dan bermakna (p £ 0,05). Uji korelasi antara perilaku kesehatan gigi-mulut ibu dengan pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan kesehatan gigi-mulut anak yang karies dan tidak karies ditemukan korelasi kuat (r ³ 0,66) dan bermakna (p £ 0,05). Kesimpulan tidak ada hubungan antara usia ibu, tingkat pendidikan dan status pekerjaan ibu dengan angka karies molar permanen satu anak. Ada hubungan bermakna antara perilaku kesehatan gigi-mulut ibu dengan angka karies molar permanen pertama pada anak. Ada hubungan antara perilaku kesehatan gigi-mulut ibu dengan pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan kesehatan gigi-mulut ibu.

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A mother has a very important role in the family, especially in shaping the oral health behavior of the child because mother is the main caregiver in the family. First permanent molar is susceptible to caries because these teeth were the first permanent teeth that erupt and many people not knowing the location of these teeth. The objective of the study is to analyze the relation between mother?s oral behaviors with the caries rate of child?s first permanent molar. The study design was analytic descriptive cross-sectional. The variables to correlate were the mother?s oral health behaviors with the caries rate of child?s first permanent molar. The questioner to assess the oral health behavior of the mother was through Knowledge, Attiude, and Practice (KAP) survey and the caries assessment was done according to WHO. Oral health behavior of the mother was asses from oral health knowledge, attitude and practice of the mother. Statistic analysis with Mann-Whitney dan Kruskal-Walliscomparison test, as well as Spearman correlation test was used. Comparison test between the mother?s and child?s characteristic with caries rate of first permanent molars showed there was no significant difference (p ³ 0,05). Correlation test between oral health behavior with caries rate of first permanent molar showed strong (r ³ 0, 66) and significant(p £ 0,05) correlation. Correlation test between mother?s oral health behavior and oral health knowledge, attitude and practice of the mother showed strong (r ³ 0,66) and significant (p £ 0,05) correlation.It can be concluded that there was a significant correlation between oral health behavior of the mother and caries rate of child?s first permanent molar. It also concluded that there was no correlation between mother?s age, educational level, and employment status of the mother with first permanent molar caries rate of the children. There is a significant correlation between the mother?s behavior and the first permanent molar caries rate of the child. There is a correlation between oral health behavior of the mother and the oral health knowledge, attitude, and practice of the mother."

"Latar belakang: Di Indonesia, prevalensi karies gigi berkisar antara 85% - 99% dan 67.4% pria umur 15 tahun atau lebih merokok. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini mengkaji hubungan keparahan karies gigi dan intensitas merokok pada pria Indonesia umur 45 – 54 tahun (n = 34.534), responden Riskesdas 2007. Metode: Pengalaman karies gigi (DMFT) dicatat oleh enumerator yang sudah dilatih. Enumerator juga mencatat karakteristik sosiodemografik (umur, pekerjaan, status sosial ekonomi, pendidikan) perilaku kesehatan gigi (gosok gigi) dan merokok responden. 31.4 % responden DMFT-nya ≥ 8, cut off point karies gigi parah dalam penelitian ini. Uji Chi-square digunakan untuk mendeteksi kemaknaan perbedaan prevalensi karies gigi parah pada perokok berat (BI ≥ 400) dan pada yang tidak pernah merokok (BI = 0). Regresi logistik digunakan untuk meng-estimasi besarnya peran merokok berat pada keparahan karies gigi. Hasil: Prevalensi karies gigi parah pada yang tidak pernah merokok, perokok ringan (BI 1-399) dan perokok berat berturut turut adalah, 24,9 %; 32,5 % dan 38,7% (P <0,005). Dibanding yang tidak pernah merokok, adjusted OR karies gigi parah pada perokok ringan dan perokok berat adalah 1,45 (95% CI 1,37-1,53) dan 1,70 (95% CI: 1,59 – 1,81). Kesimpulan: Merokok merupakan salah satu faktor risiko karies gigi parah pada pria Indonesia dan semakin berat intensitas merokoknya, semakin besar pula risikonya. Saran: Para dokter gigi Indonesia, baik secara perorangan, maupun secara kolektif, perlu ambil bagian secara lebih sungguh sungguh dalam pengendalian tembakau di Indonesia

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Background: In Indonesia, dental caries the prevalence between 85% - 99% and 67.4% of males aged 15 years or older currently used tobacco. Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the association between dental caries severity and smoking intensity in 45 – 54 years old Indonesian males (n = 34.534), respondents of Basic Health Research 2007. 31.4 % of respondents have DMFT value ≥ 8, the cut off point of severe dental caries in this study. Methods: The dental caries experience (DMFT) were recorded by well trained enumerators. In addition, the enumerators recorded sociodemographic characteristics (age, socio-economic status, education, job), tooth brushing and smoking behavior of respondents. Chisquare test was used to detect significant difference on prevalence of severe dental caries between heavy smokers (BI ≥ 400) and never smokers (BI = 0). Logistic regression was used to estimate contribution of heavy smoking on dental caries severity. Result: The prevalence of severe dental caries on never smokers, light smokers (BI 1-399) and heavy smokers were 24,9 %; 32,5 % and 38,7% respectively (P <0,005). Compared to never smokers, the adjusted OR of light smokers and heavy smokers were 1,45 (95% CI 1,37-1,53) and 1,69 (95% CI: 1,59 – 1,80). Conclusion: Smoking is a risk factor of severe dental caries in Indonesian men and the higher the smoking intensity, the higher the risk. Recommendation: Indonesian dentists, individually and collectively have to take part more seriously in smoking prevention and control in Indonesia."

"Peningkatan prevalensi karies gigi terutama disebabkan karena adanya perubahan-perubahan dalam pola makan dari makanan berserat menjadi makanan mudah melekat pada permukaan gigi. Bila seseorang malas untuk membersihkan giginya setelah makan makanan yang manis dan lengket, maka sisa-sisa makanan tersebut akan diubah menjadi asam oleh bakteri yang terdapat dalam mulut, kemudian dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya karies gigi. Menurut Matram (2007), berdasarkan SKRT 2004, penyebab tingginya prevalensi karies hanya sedikit orang Indonesia mengerti cara menyikat gigi benar (10%). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat pengaruh kebiasaan menyikat gigi terhadap status pengalaman karies dengan menganalisis data Rriskesdas 2007. Dalam Penelitian ini terdapat 198.023 responden berusia 35 tahun ke atas yang diperiksa giginya Desain penelitian cross sectional, populasi adalah seluruh penduduk Indonesia tahun 2007. Analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan distribusi frekuensi karakteristik responden, responden yang mempunyai gigi yang sehat, DMF-T = 0 adalah hanya 11,76 % dan responden yang mengalami kerusakan gigi atau DMF-T
1 adalah sebanyak 88,24%. Prevalensi pengalaman karies paling tinggi terjadi pada kelompok umur 65 tahun ke atas yaitu 96,51%. Pada kelompok yang menyikat gigi 1x/hari 1,063 kali berisiko terjadinya kerusakan gigi dibanding sikat gigi 2x/hari. Kelompok yang jarang menyikat gigi 1,23 kali berisiko terjadinya kerusakan gigi dibandingkan yg sikat gigi 2x/hari. Setelah dikontrol oleh variabel umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan dan pekerjaan. Sebaiknya masyarakat menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulutnya dengan rajin menyikat gigi 2 kali sehari yaitu setelah makan pagi dan sebelum tidur malam untuk dapat mengurangi terjadinya karies gigi.

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Increased prevalence of dental caries was due to changes in dietary fiber foods into food from easily attached to the tooth surface. When someone lazy to clean his teeth after eating sweet or sticky foods, the leftovers will be converted into acid by bacteria contained in the mouth, and can cause dental caries. According Matram (2007), based on the 2004 Household Health Survey, the cause of the high prevalence of caries in Indonesia that few people understand how to brush teeth correctly (10%). The purpose of this study is to see the effect of tooth brushing habits of the status of caries experience by analyzing the data Riskesdas 2007. In this study there were 198 023 respondents aged 35 years and over who checked his teeth cross sectional study design, population is the entire population of Indonesia in 2007. The analysis used is multiple logistic regression. The results based on the frequency distribution characteristics of respondents, respondents who have healthy teeth, DMF-T = 0 is only 11.76% and the respondents who experienced damage to their teeth or DMF-T
1 is as much as 88.24%. The highest prevalence of caries experience occurred at age group 65 years and over is 96.51%. In the group that tooth brushing 1 times/day 1.063 times the risk of tooth decay than two times/day toothbrush. Groups who rarely brush my teeth 1.23 times the risk of tooth decay compared to toothbrush who 2times/day. Once controlled by the variables of age, gender, education and employment. Community should maintain healthy teeth and mouth with diligent brushing their teeth two times a day after breakfast and before bedtime to reduce the occurrence of dental caries.;Increased prevalence of dental caries was due to changes in dietary fiber foods into food from easily attached to the tooth surface. When someone lazy to clean his teeth after eating sweet or sticky foods, the leftovers will be converted into acid by bacteria contained in the mouth, and can cause dental caries. According Matram (2007), based on the 2004 Household Health Survey, the cause of the high prevalence of caries in Indonesia that few people understand how to brush teeth correctly (10%). The purpose of this study is to see the effect of tooth brushing habits of the status of caries experience by analyzing the data Riskesdas 2007. In this study there were 198 023 respondents aged 35 years and over who checked his teeth cross sectional study design, population is the entire population of Indonesia in 2007. The analysis used is multiple logistic regression. The results based on the frequency distribution characteristics of respondents, respondents who have healthy teeth, DMF-T = 0 is only 11.76% and the respondents who experienced damage to their teeth or DMF-T
1 is as much as 88.24%. The highest prevalence of caries experience occurred at age group 65 years and over is 96.51%. In the group that tooth brushing 1 times/day 1.063 times the risk of tooth decay than two times/day toothbrush. Groups who rarely brush my teeth 1.23 times the risk of tooth decay compared to toothbrush who 2times/day. Once controlled by the variables of age, gender, education and employment. Community should maintain healthy teeth and mouth with diligent brushing their teeth two times a day after breakfast and before bedtime to reduce the occurrence of dental caries."

"Pemanfaatan pelayanan proram UKGM dipengaruhi oleh perilaku ibu dan pengelolaan program oleh Puskesmas. Karies masih termasuk dalam sepuluh penyakit terbesar dan cakupan pembinaan kesehatan gigi di masyarakat masih rendah yaitu 19,6 %. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemanfaatan program UKGM oleh ibu yang memiliki anak usia 2 sampai 5 tahun di Posyandu Kecamatan Medan Satria Kota Bekasi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian sekuensial eksplanatori (mixed methods) dengan desain cross sectional dan jumlah sampel 400 responden. Untuk menggali lebih mendalam permasalahan rendahnya pemanfaatan program UKGM, penelitian ini dilengkapi dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam kepada manajemen puskesmas dan diskusi kelompok terarah kepada kader posyandu mengenai permasalahan yang ada.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian kuantitatif, pekerjaan, dukungan keluarga dan kebutuhan perawatan gigi dan mulut anak merupakan variabel yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan program UKGM di posyandu. Sedangkan sikap, dukungan keluarga dan kebutuhan perawatan gigi dan mulut anak merupakan variabel paling signifikan dalam pemanfaatan program UKGM di posyandu. Berbeda dengan hasil pendekatan kualitatif yang memperlihatkan bahwa justru fasilitas yang lebih mempengaruhi pemanfaatan program UKGM. Selain itu monitoring dan evaluasi belum dilakukan secara rutin. Rekomendasi pada penelitian ini adalah diharapkan untuk melengkapi fasilitas terutama alat peraga penyuluhan dan alat periksa gigi (diagnostic set), memberikan pelatihan UKGM pada kader posyandu serta melakukan monitoring setiap bulan dan evaluasi setiap tiga bulan sekali.

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The utilization of UKGM program is influenced by maternal behavior and program management by the Puskesmas. Caries is still among the top ten diseases and the scope of dental health development in the community is still low at 19.6%. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the utilization of the UKGM program by mothers who have children aged 2 to 5 years at Posyandu, Medan Satria District, Bekasi City. This research is an explanatory sequential study (mixed methods) with a cross sectional design and a sample of 400 respondents. To find out more about the problem of the low utilization of the UKGM program, this study was supplemented by a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with puskesmas management and focus group discussions on posyandu workers regarding existing problems.

Based on the results of quantitative research, work, family support and dental and oral care needs of children were variables related to the utilization of the UKGM program at the posyandu. Whereas attitudes, family support and children's dental and oral care needs were the most significant variables in the utilization of the UKGM program at the posyandu. It is different from the results of a qualitative approach that shows that it is precisely the facilities that influence the utilization of the UKGM program. In addition, monitoring and evaluation have not been carried out routinely. Recommendations in this study are expected to complement facilities, especially counseling teaching aids and dental kits (diagnostic set), provide UKGM training to posyandu workers and conduct monitoring every month and evaluation every three months."

"Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan memberi informasi mengenal efek pemberian tablet fluor terhadap karies gigi sulung, mengingat hingga kini belum ada laporan mengenai hal tersebut di Indonesia. Penelitian deskriptif-analitik secara restrospektif dilakukan terhadap 114 anak berdomisili di Jakarta sejak lahir, berusia dari dua hingga lima tahun yang datang ke suatu klinik spesialis anak di Jakarta Utara. Pemeriksaan karies gigi sulung dilakukan dengan bantuan data yang berasal dari catatan medik penderita serta wawancara terbuka. Ternyata karies gigi sulung antara anak yang diberi dengan yang tidak diberi tablet fluor berbeda bermakna dengan p [ 0,05, terutama bila diberikan secara teratur pada anak. Karies pada anak yang mulai diberi tablet fluor setelah usia 6 bulan dalam tahun pertama kehidupan, tidak berbeda bermakna dengan karies pada anak yang mulai diberi tablet fluor pada usia 1-6 bulan. Karies pada anak yang diberi tablet fluor dalam jangka waktu 1-1,5 tahun, tidak berbeda bermakna dengan karies pada anak yang diberi tablet fluor dalam jangka waktu lebih dari 1,5 tahun. Dengan demikian penelitian ini memper--lihatkan efek positif pemberian tablet fluor terhadap karies gigi sulung. Hal ini terutama bila diberikan secara teratur pada tahun pertama kehidupan anak dan dalam jangka waktu yang sesuai dengan periode perturnbuhan serta perkembangan gigi sulung."