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"Background: Based on our knowledge, the study of gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) among certain profession has never been conducted. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of GERD among Indonesian doctors.Methods: A consecutive study involving 515 doctors was conducted in October 2015.The GerdQ score was used to the diagnosis of GERD and determined its impact on daily life. All possible risk factors were also analyzed.Results: A total of 515 subjects completed the questionnaire. The mean age of them was 41.37±11.92 years old. Fifty-five percent of them were male and 60.6% general practitioners. The prevalence of GERD was 27.4% of which 21.0% was had GERD with low impact on daily life, and 6.4% was GERD with high impact on daily life. The statistically significant risk factors of GERD was found in age >50 y.o (p = 0.002; OR 2.054), BMI >30kg/m2 (p = 0.016; OR 2.53), and smokers (p = 0.031; OR 1.982). Sex and education level were not found significant statistically as the risk factors of GERD.Conclusions: The prevalence of GERD among Indonesian physician was 27.4%. We found that age over 50 y.o, obesity and smoking habit were the risk factors of GERD in Indonesian doctors."

"Tesis ini membahas penilaian kinerja dokter umum dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja dokter umum di RSU UKI Jakarta Timur. Penilaian kinerja dokter umum dilakukan dengan cara penilaian kinerja 360 derajat dan penilaian diri sendiri, dengan menggunakan lima aspek penilaian kinerja dokter umum. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Dilakukan wawancara mendalam kepada para informan yaitu dokter umum, rekan sekerja, dan atasan dokter umum. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa kinerja dokter umum di RSU UKI dalam penelitian ini dinyatakan baik. Seluruh variabel dalam input yaitu faktor-faktor motivasi dinyatakan seluruhnya mempengaruhi kinerja dokter umum di RSU UKI dalam penelitian ini. Tetapi faktor yang menjadi motivasi utama dokter umum dalam penelitian ini ingin bekerja di RSU UKI adalah faktor ingin melanjutkan sekolah ke tingkat pendidikan dokter spesialis. Perlunya perbaikan dalam perlengkapan alat-alat kedokteran di RSU UKI, pemberian pendidikan dan pelatihan kepada para dokter umum di RSU UKI, supervisi, penghargaan, dan pemantauan pembuatan dokumentasi pasien dari dokter umum perlu dilakukan oleh pihak rumah sakit.

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The focus of this study is the estimation of medical doctors work and factors that influence medical doctors work at UKI Hospital. The estimation of medical doctors work has been done by 360 degrees estimation of work and self assesment, by using five aspecs of medical doctor work. This research is a qualitative descriptive interpretive. Deep interview has been done to the informan which is medical doctors, work partner, and the superior of medical doctors. This research showed that estimation of medical doctors work at UKI Hospital are good. All of the variabel in input which is motivation factors are proved influenced medical doctors work at UKI Hosptal in this research. But the main motivation for medical doctors is the factor that they want to continue their education to specialist level. UKI Hospital needs to renew the medical tools, education and training should be given to medical doctors, supervision and appreciation to medical doctors, and supervision in the making of patient documentation from medical doctors is need to be done by UKI Hospital."

"Based on our knowledge, the study of gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) among certain profession has never been conducted. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of GERD among Indonesian doctors.

Methods: A consecutive study involving 515 doctors was conducted in October 2015.The GerdQ score was used to the diagnosis of GERD and determined its impact on daily life. All possible risk factors were also analyzed.

Results: A total of 515 subjects completed the questionnaire. The mean age of them was 41.37±11.92 years old. Fifty-five percent of them were male and 60.6% general practitioners. The prevalence of GERD was 27.4% of which 21.0% was had GERD with low impact on daily life, and 6.4% was GERD with high impact on daily life. The statistically significant risk factors of GERD was found in age >50 y.o (p = 0.002; OR 2.054), BMI >30kg/m2 (p = 0.016; OR 2.53), and smokers (p = 0.031; OR 1.982). Sex and education level were not found significant statistically as the risk factors of GERD.

Conclusions: The prevalence of GERD among Indonesian physician was 27.4%. We found that age over 50 y.o, obesity and smoking habit were the risk factors of GERD in Indonesian doctors."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan menganalisis tanggung jawab hukum dokter dalam kasus malpraktek medis, serta dampaknya terhadap pasien dan sistem hukum yang berlaku di Indonesia. Malpraktek medis didefinisikan sebagai tindakan kelalaian atau kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh dokter yang menyebabkan kerugian bagi pasien. Penulis mengkaji ketentuan hukum yang relevan, termasuk Pasal 1365 dan 1366 KUH Perdata serta Pasal 58 Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan, yang menegaskan bahwa dokter bertanggung jawab untuk mengganti kerugian yang timbul akibat tindakan mereka. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, di mana penulis melakukan analisis terhadap regulasi dan praktik hukum terkait malpraktek medis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pasien memiliki hak untuk menggugat dokter jika terbukti terjadi kelalaian dalam pelayanan medis. Selain itu, prosedur penyelesaian hukum harus melibatkan pendapat dari Majelis Kehormatan Disiplin Kedokteran Indonesia, sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap pemahaman mengenai tanggung jawab hukum dokter dan perlindungan hak pasien dalam konteks pelayanan kesehatan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga membahas pentingnya peningkatan kesadaran akan standar pelayanan medis dan perlunya edukasi bagi dokter mengenai aspek hukum dalam praktik kedokteran. 

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This research aims to explore and analyze the legal responsibility of doctors in cases of medical malpractice and its impact on patients and the applicable legal system in Indonesia. Medical malpractice is defined as acts of negligence or error committed by doctors that result in harm to patients. The author examines relevant legal provisions, including Articles 1365 and 1366 of the Indonesian Civil Code, as well as Article 58 of Law No. 36 of 2009 on Health, which emphasizes that doctors are responsible for compensating damages arising from their actions. The research employs a normative juridical method with a legislative approach, where the author analyzes regulations and legal practices related to medical malpractice. The findings indicate that patients have the right to sue doctors if negligence in medical services is proven. Additionally, the legal resolution process should involve opinions from the Indonesian Medical Disciplinary Honorary Council, in accordance with applicable regulations. This study is expected to make a significant contribution to understanding the legal responsibilities of doctors and protecting patient rights within the context of healthcare services in Indonesia. The research also discusses the importance of raising awareness about medical service standards and the need for education for doctors regarding legal aspects in medical practice.  "

"Dokter spesialis merupakan hilir dari sistem rujukan berjenjang dan memiliki peranan penting terhadap keberhasilan pembangunan kesehatan. Namun ketimpangan sebaran dokter spesialis masih terjadi di Indonesia. Terdapat wilayah dengan rasio dokter spesialis yang melebihi standar, namun masih ada juga kabupaten/kota yang tidak memilliki dokter spesialis. Berbagai studi menyebutkan bahwa karakter wilayah berupa indeks pembangunan manusia, kemiskinan, kepadatan penduduk, indikator kesehatan, kondisi ekonomi dan ketersediaan rumah sakit mempengaruhi jumlah dokter spesialis di suatu wilayah. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan yang berhubungan dengan jumlah dokter spesialis dan berapa besar elastisitas dokter spesialis terhadap pendapatan asli suatu daerah. Rancangan studi ini adalah potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan menggunakan data kurun waktu tahun 2017 yang dikumpulkan dari laporan rutin maupun publikasi resmi lembaga-lembaga BPPSDM, BPS, Kemenkes RI, KARS dan BAN-PT. Analisis multivariat dilakukan dengan negatif binomial untuk mnegatasi masalah overdispersi. Unit penelitian dilakukan pada tingkat kabupaten dan kota.Dari hasil studi ditemukan bahwa 66% dokter spesialis terkonsentrasi di pulau Jawa dan Sumatera. Determinan yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap sebaran dokter spesialis adalah indeks pembangunan manusia, kepadatan penduduk, rasio kematian bayi, pendapatan asli daerah, jumlah RS kelas C, jumlah RS kelas D dan regional wilayah menurut tarif INACBG. Dimana rasio kematian bayi merupakan prediktor dominan. Variabel rasio kematian ibu, jumlah RS kelas A, jumlah RS kelas B, banyak nya RS yang terakreditasi, ketersediaan perguruan tinggi yang mengelola fakultas kedokteran di suatu wilayah kabupaten/kota memiliki pengaruh yang tidak signifikan terhadap jumlah dokter spesialis. Jumlah dokter spesialis bersifat inelastis terhadap pendapatan asli daerah dengan nilai elastisitas sebesar 0,28. Kebijakan untuk mengatasi masalah ketidakseimbangan sebaran dokter spesialis sebaiknya tidak hanya berfokus pada mengurangi gap jumlah dokter spesialis antar wilayah, akan tetapi harus diikuti dengan strategi jangka panjang terkait penyediaan sarana RS, sarana penunjang lainnya dan kemudahan akses terhadap sarana-sarana tersebut, khusus nya di daerah tertinggal, kepulauan dan perbatasan.

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Specialist doctors are downstream from atiered referral system and have an important role to the success of health development, but unequality in the distribution of specialist doctors still occur in Indonesia. There is a region with a ratio of specialist doctors that exceeds the standard, but also found districts that do not have specialist doctors. Various studies indicate that the character of the region such as human development index, poverty, population density, health indicator, economic conditions and availability of hospitals affect the number of specialists in that region. This study aims to analyze the determinants associated with the number of specialists and how much elasticity a specialist doctors to the original income of a region. The method of this research is cross section by using data of period year 2017 which collected from routine report and official publication of institutions BPPSDM, BPS, Ministry of Health RI, KARS and BAN-PT. Analysis multivariat used negative binomial has done with software stata 13. Unit analysis was conducted at municipality and district level.The study found that 66% of specialist doctors are concentrated in the islands of Java and Sumatra. Determinants that have significant influence on the distribution of specialist doctors are human development index, population density, infant mortality ratio, local originally income, number of class C hospital, number of class D hospital and region. The maternal mortality ratio, percentage of poor population, the number of class A hospital, the number of class B hospital and the number of accredited hospitals, availability of university with medical faculty in a municipality/district region have no significant influence on the number of specialist doctors. The number of specialists doctor is inelastic to the original income of the region with a value of elasticity is 0.28. Policies to address specialist doctors imbalances should not only focus on reducing the gap in the number of inter-regional specialists, but should be followed by long-term strategies related to the provision of hospital facilities, other supporting facilities and ease of access to these facilities, especially in underdeveloped areas, islands and borders."

"Kewaspadaan standar merupakan salah satu prinsip upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi dengan tujuan mencegah terjadinya penularan penyakit di lingkungan sekitar fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku kewaspadaan standar petugas Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Kelas I Tanjung Priok tahun 2023 berdasarkan teori Health Belief Model. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional. Sampel sebesar 140 orang petugas yang diambil secara simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan cara responden mengisi sendiri kuesioner. Analisis univariat, bivariat (Chi Square), dan multivariat (regresi logistik ganda) dilakukan pada penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan petugas Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Kelas I Tanjung Priok memiliki perilaku kewaspadaan standar yang baik. Faktor persepsi individu yang berhubungan dengan perilaku kewaspadaan standar adalah efikasi diri. Faktor modifikasi yang berhubungan dengan perilaku kewaspadaan standar adalah pelatihan. Efikasi diri adalah faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan perilaku kewaspadaan standar petugas, petugas yang memiliki efikasi diri rendah berpeluang 4,07 kali untuk memiliki perilaku kewaspadaan standar yang kurang dibandingkan petugas dengan efikasi diri yang tinggi (OR= 4,07 95% CI 1,788-9,286). Untuk itu Kementerian Kesehatan dan Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Kelas I Tanjung Priok dapat bekerja sama untuk melakukan upaya guna meningkatkan efikasi diri petugas melalui penyelenggarakan program pelatihan yang intensif dan komprehensif bagi petugas sehingga penerapan perilaku kewaspadaan standar dapat lebih maksimal.

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Standard precautions are one of the principles of infection prevention and control efforts with the aim of preventing disease transmission in the environment around health care facilities. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the standard vigilance behavior of Tanjung Priok Class I Port Health Office officers in 2023 based on the theory of the Health Belief Model. This study used a cross sectional study design. A sample of 140 officers was taken by simple random sampling. Data collection by means of respondents filling out the questionnaire themselves. Univariate, bivariate (Chi Square), and multivariate (multiple logistic regression) analyzes were performed in this study. The results showed that Tanjung Priok Class I Port Health Office Officers had good standard precautionary behavior. The individual perception factor associated with standard vigilance behavior is self-efficacy. The modifying factor associated with standard vigilance behavior is training. Self-efficacy is the most dominant factor associated with standard vigilance behavior of officers, officers who have low self-efficacy are 4.07 times more likely to have less standard vigilance behavior than officers with high self-efficacy (OR= 4.07 95% CI 1.788 - 9.286). For this reason, the Ministry of Health and the Tanjung Priok Class I Port Health Office can work together to make efforts to increase the self-efficacy of officers through the implementation of intensive and comprehensive training programs for officers so that the implementation of standard precautionary behaviors can be maximized."

"Sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan terbaru tentang kesehatan, maka Rumah Sakit memiliki hak menerima imbalan jasa pelayanan serta menentukan remunerasi, insentif dan penghargaan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku. Namun indikator pemberian remunerasi bagi Dokter Spesialis saat ini dinilai belum komprehensif karena belum menunjukkan keadilan dan kinerja diluar tugas utama yang dilakukan oleh Dokter Spesialis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis indikator (struktur pembentuk) pemberian remunerasi untuk pegawai khususnya untuk tenaga medis Dokter Spesialis. Pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus menggunakan wawancara kepada informan dengan penentuan informan dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Hasil studi ditemukan bahwa indikator pemberian remunerasi yang digunakan saat ini sesuai dengan Peraturan Gubernur Nomor 51 Tahun 2021 lebih menitikberatkan pada kinerja berupa koefisien tindakan sesuai ICD-9 namun dirasa belum mencakup pada faktor individu yang juga perlu dipertimbangkan dalam pemberian remunerasi kepada dokter spesialis, seperti masa kerja, kondisi kerja/kegawatdaruratan dan posisi/tanggung jawab. Selain itu penerapannya belum maksimal karena belum terlaksananya penilaian kinerja yang optimal dan belum dilakukan monitoring serta evaluasi secara berkala kepada dokter spesialis melalui komite medik. Namun dengan dilaksanakannya pemberian jasa pelayanan terhadap dokter spesialis dengan menggunakan pola perhitungan remunerasi, memperlihatkan kinerja yang lebih baik dibandingkan saat pemberian jasa pelayanan dengan pola per-kehadiran.

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In accordance with the latest laws and regulations on health, the Hospital has the right to receive service fees and determine remuneration, incentives and awards in accordance with applicable regulations. However, the current indicator of remuneration for Specialist Doctors is considered not comprehensive because it has not shown fairness and performance outside the main duties carried out by Specialist Doctors. This study aims to analyze the indicators (forming structure) of remuneration for employees, especially for medical personnel of Specialist Doctors. A qualitative approach with the type of case study research using interviews with informants with the determination of informants is carried out by purposive sampling. The results of the study found that the remuneration indicators currently used in accordance with Governor's Regulation Number 51 of 2021 focus more on performance in the form of coefficients of action in accordance with ICD-9 but do not include individual factors that also need to be considered in providing remuneration to specialist doctors, such as working period, working conditions/emergencies and positions/responsibilities. In addition, the implementation has not been maximized because performance assessments have not been carried out and periodic monitoring and evaluation have not been carried out to specialist doctors through the medical committee. However, with the implementation of the provision of services to specialist doctors using the remuneration calculation pattern, it shows better performance than when providing services with a per-attendance pattern."

"Dalam penelitian ini dianalisis tanggung jawab rumah sakit terhadap perbuatan melawan hukum yang dilakukan dokter bukan pegawai rumah sakit, penerapan teori central responsibility dan analisis putusan No. 18/Pdt.G/2006/PN.PLG, 62/PDT/2006/PT.PLG, 1752 K/Pdt/2007 dan 352/PK/PDT/2010. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Rumah sakit bertanggung jawab terhadap perbuatan melawan hukum yang terjadi di rumah sakit. Penerapan teori Central Responsibility memberikan kepastian hukum bagi pasien dan rumah sakit dimana rumah sakit bertanggung jawab secara terpusat terhadap semua kejadian di rumah sakit. Pada putusan No. 18/Pdt.G/2006/PN.PLG, 62/PDT/2006/PT.PLG, 1752 K/Pdt/2007 dan 352/PK/PDT/2010 rumah sakit bertanggung jawab secara central responsibility.

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In this research analyzed the relation between the hospital's responsibility with the unlawful act that done by the doctors who are not be part of hospital's employee and the application of the central responsibility theory, and analysis of the judicial decision number 18/Pdt.G/2006/PN.PLG, 62/PDT/2006/PT.PLG, 1752 K/Pdt/2007 and 352/PK/PDT/2010. This study uses normative juridical method with qualitative approach. The hospital is responsible for the unlawful act that occurred in the hospital. The application of the central responsibility theory makes the legal certainty of both patients and the hospital with the hospital responsible centrally to all cases that happen in the hospital. In the judicial decision number 18/Pdt.G/2006/PN.PLG, 62/PDT/2006/PT.PLG, 1752 K/Pdt/2007 and 352/PK/PDT/2010 hospital responsible centrally."

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang ruang lingkup malpraktik medik dan tolak ukur untuk menentukan suatu tindakan medik sebagai malpraktik medik, serta kaitannya dengan perlindungan hukum bagi dokter yang digugat melakukan malpraktik medik. Pembahasan dilakukan melalui analisis putusan 287/PDT.G/2011/PN.JKT.PST perkara antara Tuan Gunawan melawan RSCM. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan bentuk penelitian yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat 4 (empat) ruang lingkup malpraktik medik, yaitu malpraktik medik dari segi pidana, perdata, disiplin, dan etik profesi. Tolak ukur untuk menentukan suatu tindakan sebagai malpraktik medik adalah standar profesi medik. Tindakan tim dokter RSCM merupakan malpraktik medik, namun gugatan malpraktik medik yang diajukan tidaklah tepat karena dokter tidak dapat dimintai pertanggung jawaban secara perdata. Tindakan tim dokter RSCM merupakan suatu pelanggaran disiplin profesi, sehingga sanksi yang dapat dikenakan adalah sanksi disiplin.

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This thesis discusses the scope of medical malpractice, the indicator of medical malpractice, and also its correlation with legal protection for doctors on medical malpractice suit by analyzing Central Jakarta Court Decision Number 287/PDT.G/2011/PN.JKT.PST. This research is qualitative research with juridical normative methode. The result of this research concludes that there are 4 (four) scopes of medical malpractice, which is medical malpractice in criminal law, civil law, disciplinary, and ethic. The act of a doctor will be classified as medical malpractice when it does not meet the standard of medical care. In the case, the act of the doctors is classified as medical malpractice, however their fault can not be suited in civil court. Doctors’ fault are classified as disciplinary infringement with the consequences of disciplinary sanctions."