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"ABSTRAKDefisiensi besi menganggu proses eritropoiesis sehingga dapat berlanjut menjadi anemia defisiensi besi. Defisiensi besi dan anemia didefinisikan berdasarkan indikator status besi, berupa parameter hematologi dan biomarka darah, yaitu hemoglobin, hematokrit, ferritin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, dan retikulosit. Salah satu faktor penyebab terjadinya defisiensi besi pada ibu hamil adalah kurangnya asupan zat besi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan zat besi dan status besi ibu hamil trimester 1 yang diukur melalui kadar hemoglobin, hematokrit, ferritin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, dan retikulosit. Rancangan penelitian adalah potong-lintang pada trimester 1 kehamilan. Asupan zat besi diukur menggunakan metode food frequency questionnaire dan 24 hour recall. Uji korelasi Spearman digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan kedua variabel. Terdapat 120 sampel ibu hamil, 53,3 berpendidikan tinggi, 58,3 bekerja, dan median usia 28 tahun. Nilai median asupan zat besi pada seluruh sampel adalah 10,64 mg. Sebanyak 86,67 sampel tidak memenuhi kecukupan asupan zat besi pada ibu hamil trimester 1 berdasarkan AKG 26 mg/hari. Sebanyak 8,33 sampel mengalami anemia Hb0,05 . Disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan zat besi dan status besi ibu hamil pada trimester 1.

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ABSTRACTIron deficiency disrupts erythropoiesis process that leads to iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency and anemia are defined by iron status indicator, in the form of hematological parameters and blood biomarkers, such as hemoglobin, hematocrite, ferritin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and reticulocyte count. One of the factors causing iron deficiency in pregnant women is inadequate iron intake. This research aims to assess the relationship between iron dietary intake and iron status of pregnant women in 1st trimester. Iron status is measured by the value of hemoglobin, hematocrite, ferritin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and reticulocyte. This research implemented a cross sectional design during the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Iron dietary intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire and 24 hour recall. Spearman correlation analysis was used to identify the relationship between the two variables. There were 120 samples of pregnant women, 53.3 were high educated, 58.3 were employed, with the age median of 28 years old. The median of iron dietary intake is 10.64 mg, with 86.67 of samples did not meet the Recommended Dietary Allowance of 26 mg. There were 8,33 of pregnant women with anemia Hb0.05 . It was concluded that iron dietary intake is not related to iron status of pregnant women in 1st trimester."

"Zat besi merupakan mikronutrien esensial yang diperlukan tubuh seperti pertumbuhan sel darah merah dan sel otak Kebutuhan besi meningkat pada masa kehamilan Komposisi mikrobiota dapat berubah selama tahap kehidupan yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor misalnya besi Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara asupan besi dan kadar feritin serum dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium pada ibu hamil trimester ketiga Penelitian ini dilakukan di seluruh puskesmas kecamatan di Jakarta Timur dari bulan Maret sampai April 2015 Pengambilan subjek dilakukan dengan cara konsekutif dan didapatkan 52 ibu hamil yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara meliputi kuesioner data asupan besi heme dan non heme protein serta vitamin C dengan FFQ semikuantitatif Pengukuran antropometri untuk menilai status asupan gizi pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk mengetahui kadar feritin serum dan kadar CRP serta jumlah Bifdobacterium dalam tinja Didapatkan rerata usia 29 1 5 9 tahun nilai median asupan besi 66 7 3 3 144 1 mg hari kadar feritin serum 31 1 3 6 96 1 g L dan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus 7 45 5 1 9 5 log g tinja Tidak didapatkan korelasi yang bermakna asupan besi dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus r 0 202 p 0 152 juga tidak didapatkan korelasi bermakna antara kadar feritin serum dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus (r=0,116 p=0,411).

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Iron is an essensial micronutrient which body needed such as for blood growth cell and brain cell Iron rsquo s requirement increases in pregnancy Microbiota composition can change in cycle of life which be affected by many factors likely iron The aim of this cross sectional study was to find the correlation between iron intake and serum ferritin with Bifidobacterium third trimester of pregnancy Data collection was conducted from March 2015 until April 2015 in all of sub district of public health centre in east Jakarta Subjects were obtained using consecutive sampling method A total of 52 pregnancy subjects had met the study criteria Data were collected through interviews including questionnare iron intake heme and non heme protein and vitamin C used semiquantitative FFQ Anthropometry measurementsto assess the nutritional status and laboratory examination i e blood levels of serum ferritin and CRP and Bifidobacterium in feces Mean age 29 1 5 9 years Median of intake of iron was 66 7 3 3 144 1 mg day serum ferritin was 31 1 3 6 96 1 g L and gut Bifidobacterium 7 45 5 1 9 5 log g feces No significant correlation was found between iron intake and Bifidobacterium in feces r 0 202 p 0 152 and negative correlations and no significant between serum ferritin and Bifidobacterium in feces (r=0, 116, p=0,411)"

"ABSTRAKMasa-masa kehamilan merupakan masa-masa penting bagi ibu dan bayi yang dikandungnya. Pada masa kehamilan, kebutuhan nutrisi ibu meningkat, termasuk kebutuhan zat besi. Apabila tidak terpenuhi, defisiensi zat besi meningkatkan risiko kelahiran preterm dan bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara asupan zat besi dengan indikator zat besi pada ibu hamil trimester pertama. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional dengan mengukur data sekunder dalam satu waktu. Asupan zat besi dihitung dengan metode food frequency questionnaire. Indikator zat besi yang diperiksa meliputi kadar hemoglobin, kadar ferritin, jumlah eritrosit dan nilai MCV. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan uji normalitas data Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan uji korelasi Spearman dengan SPSS versi 20.00. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 35,5% responden obese dan 19,4% memiliki berat badan lebih. Responden dengan asupan zat besi rendah sebesar 82,3% . Hasil penelitian ini untuk indikator zat besi menunjukkan bahwa 11,3% responden menderita anemia (Hb< 11 mg/dL), 27,4% responden memiliki jumlah eritrosit rendah (<4,2 juta/dL), 14,5% memiliki nilai MCV mikrositik (<80 fl) dan 6,5% responden memiliki kadar ferritin yang rendah (<15 μg/L). Uji korelasi antara asupan zat besi dengan kadar hemoglobin, kadar ferritin, jumlah eritrosit dan nilai MCV pada ibu hamil trimester pertama tidak menunjukkan korelasi yang signifikan (p>0,05).

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ABSTRACTPregnancy is one of the most important moment for the mother and her child. In pregnancy, the mother nutritional need increase, including iron. Had the nutritional need is not fulfilled, it will increase the risk of preterm birth and low weight born baby. This study analyzed correlation between iron uptake and iron status in first trimester pregnant woman. This study used cross-sectional design to assess secondary data in one time. Iron intake was measured with food frequency questionnaire. Iron indicator used in this study were haemoglobin concentration, ferritin concentration, amount of erythrocyte and MCV value. This data was analyzed with test of normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Spearman correlation test with SPSS for Windows version 20.00. The result shows that 35.5% of respondent are obese and 19.4% are overweight. Also 82.3% of the respondents have inadequate iron uptake. For iron indicator 11.3% of respondent are anemic (Hb< 11 mg/dL), 6.5% have low ferritin concentration (<15 μg/L), 27.4% have low amount of erythrocyte (<4.2 million/dL) and 14.5% have microcytic value (<80 fl). No correlation is found between iron uptake and haemoglobin concentration, ferritin concentration, amount of erythrocyte and MCV value."

"Defisiensi besi selama kehamilan adalah salah satu defisiensi gizi yang prevalensinya tetap tinggi di dunia yaitu mencapai 70%. Berat badan kurang merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya defisiensi besi selama kehamilan. Feritin adalah protein cadangan zat besi yang disintesis oleh hati dan dapat meningkat selama peradangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kadar feritin serum dengan indeks massa tubuh pada perempuan hamil trimester 1. Disain penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan di Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat Kramat Jati, Jakarta selama bulan Oktober 2013. Pengambilan subyek dilakukan dengan cara consecutive sampling. Empat puluh tujuh perempuan hamil trimester 1 didapatkan memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Didapatkan rerata usia 27,79±4,85 tahun, diantara subyek penelitian 5 orang (10,6%) memiliki berat badan kurang, 25 orang (53,2%) berat badan normal dan 17 berat badan lebih (36,2%). Nilai tengah asupan zat besi 23,21 (8,4 ̶ 36,80) mg/hari. Asupan zat besi menunjukkan 66% subyek memiliki asupan zat besi kurang dari Angka Kecukupan Gizi (AKG) Indonesia. Nilai tengah kadar feritin serum 58,1 (4,9 ̶ 139,8) μg/L dan 6,4% subyek tergolong status feritin rendah. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh korelasi positif tidak bermakna antara kadar feritin serum dengan indeks massa tubuh pada perempuan hamil trimester 1 (r=0,097, p=0,52).

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Iron deficiency during pregnancy is one of nutritional deficiency with high prevalence in the world, reaching up to 70%. Underweight is one of the main risk factors for iron deficiency during pregnancy. Ferritin is an iron storage protein which synthesized in the liver and can be increased during inflammation. The aim of this study was to find out the correlation between serum ferritin levels and body mass index (BMI) in pregnant woman in their first trimester. The design of the study is cross-sectional. Data collection was conducted at Kramat Jati Primary Health Care, Jakarta during October 2013. Subjects were obtained by consecutive sampling method. A total of 47 pregnant women in their first trimester subjects had met the sudy criteria. The mean of maternal age was 27,79±4,85 years, among them are 5 underweight (10,6%), 25 normal weight (53,2%) and 17 overweight (36,2%). Median of iron intake was 23,21 (8,4 ̶ 36,80) mg/day. Intake of iron showed 66% of the subjects had intake of iron less than Indonesian recomended dietary allowance (RDA). Median of serum ferritin levels was 58,1 (4,9 ̶ 139,8) μg/L, while 6,4% of the subjects were catagorized as low ferritin status. No significant correlation was found between serum ferritin levels and BMI in pregnant women in their first trimester (r=0,097, p=0,52)."

"Latar Belakang: Asam folat merupakan salah satu vitamin yang penting bagi embriogenesis, khususnya pembentukan tabung neural. Karena itu, asam folat sangat penting bagi ibu hamil khususnya pada trimester pertama saat terjadinya pembentukan tabung neural. Sudah ada program suplementasi folat yang disebutkan dapat menaikkan konsentrasi kadar folat. Namun, masih belum terdapat informasi mengenai bagaimana status folat ibu hamil di Indonesia. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara asupan asam folat dengan kadar folat darah pada ibu hamil trimester pertama. Metode: Studi cross-sectional dari 119 ibu hamil di RSIA Bunda dan RSIA Budi Kemuliaan pada tahun 2013-2014. Hasil: Dari 119 ibu hamil yang diteliti, nilai tengah usia 28 19 ndash; 35 tahun, sebagian besar 58 tidak bekerja, sebagian besar 52,9 memiliki pendidikan yang tinggi, dan sebagian besar 72,3 memiliki pendapat keluarga sangat tinggi. Terdapat 57,1 responden yang asupan folatnya kurang. Nilai tengah kadar folat darah responden 19,36 10,59-34,94 ng/mL dengan sebaran 58,8 memiliki kadar folat serum normal dan 41,2 memiliki kadar folat serum meningkat. Uji korelasi Spearman yang dilakukan menunjukkan tidak adanya korelasi antara asupan folat dengan kadar folat darah r=0,061; p=0,509. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara asupan asam folat dengan kadar folat darah ibu hamil trimester pertama.

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Background: Folic acid is one of the vitamins which are important in embryogenesis, particularly neural tube formation. So, folic acid is very important for pregnant women in the first trimester, when formation of neural tube takes place. There has been folate supplementation program that can increase blood folate concentration. But, there has not been adequate information about folate status in pregnant women in Indonesia.

Aim: To know the relation between folic acid intake and blood folate levels in pregnant women in the first trimester.

Methods: Cross sectional study from 119 pregnant women in RSIA Bunda and RSIA Budi Kemuliaan year 2013 2014.

Results: From 119 pregnant women studied, the median of age is 28 19 35 years old, and the majority is working 58, high educated 52,9, and having high income 72.3. There were 57.1 women having low intake of folic acid. The median of blood folate levels is 19.36 10.59 34.84 ng mL which 58.8 has normal serum folate levels and 41.2 has elevated serum folate levels. Spearman corellation test showed no corellation between folic acid intake and blood folate levels r 0.061 p 0.509.

Conclusion: There is no significant relation between folic acid intake and blood folate levels in pregnant women in the first trimester."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Anemia defisiensi besi ADB pada usia 9-12 bulan dapat berdampak pada kualitas hidup anak di masa depan. Asupan zat besi, pemacu dan penghambat absorpsi besi memengaruhi kadar besi tubuh. Penelitian mengenai status zat besi dan hubungannya dengan zat pemacu dan penghambat absoprsi dalam asupan diet pada bayi usia 9 ndash;12 bulan yang disertakan dengan analisis asupan diet belum banyak dilakukan di Indonesia. Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalens gangguan status besi dan mengetahui hubungan status gizi dan kecukupan asupan besi harian terhadap kejadian defisiensi besi pada bayi usia 9-12 bulan. Metode: Studi potong lintang pada Juli 2017-Januari 2018 di Posyandu kecamatan Tanah Abang dan Jatinegara. Asupan zat besi, pemacu absorpsi besi dan penghambat absorpsi besi dinilai dengan metode food record dan diolah dengan program NutriSurvey . Subyek menjalani pengukuran antropometri dan pengambilan sampel darah darah perifer lengkap, LED, dan feritin serum . Data diolah dengan uji Pearson Chi Square dan kejadian gangguan status besi ditampilkan dalam prevalens. Hasil: Terdapat 82 subyek usia 9-12 bulan berpartisipasi dalam penelitian. Prevalens defisiensi besi sebesar 12,2 , dan ADB sebesar 26,8 . Tidak terbukti ada hubungan antara kecukupan asupan besi harian dengan gangguan status besi [p=0,064; PR=2,1 0,193-1,178 ] dan status gizi kurang dengan gangguan status besi [p=0,444; PR=0,729 0,307-1,731 ]. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara asupan harian besi total p=0,002 , besi heme 0,017 , kalsium p=0,006 , dan seng p=0,042 antara kelompok defisiensi besi dan non-defisiensi besi.Simpulan: Prevalens defisiensi besi dan ADB pada bayi usia 9-12 bulan berturut-turut adalah 12,2 dan 26,8 . Tidak terbukti ada hubungan antara status gizi dan kecukupan asupan besi harian dengan gangguan status besi, namun terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara asupan harian besi total, besi heme, kalsium, dan seng antara kelompok defisiensi dan non-defisiensi besi pada populasi bayi usia 9-12 bulan.

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ABSTRACTBackground Iron deficiency anemia IDA in 9 12 month old babies could affect their quality of life. Intake of iron containing food, enhancer and inhibitor of iron absorption affects iron body level. Study about iron profile and its correlation with enhancers and inhibitors of iron absorption in baby rsquo s daily dietary intake whose analyzed by food record method is still infrequent in Indonesia. Aim To measure the prevalence of iron deficiency and IDA and to know the correlation of nutritional status and adequacy of daily iron intake with iron deficiency status in 9 12 month old babies. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted on July 2017 January 2018 in Posyandu in Tanah Abang and Jatinegara district. Dietary iron intake, enhancer and inhibitor were obtained using a 3 day food record method and analyzed with NutriSurvey program. Subjects underwent anthropometry measurement. Complete blood count, ESR, and ferritin serum were also examined. Results A total of 82 babies aged 9 12 months were studied. Prevalence of iron deficiency and IDA were 12,2 and 26,8 . There were no evidence of relationship between adequacy of daily iron intake p 0,064 and undernourished condition p 0,444 with iron deficiency status. There were statistically significant differences in total iron p 0,002 , heme iron p 0,017 , calcium p 0,006 , and zinc p 0,042 daily intakes between iron deficiency group and non iron deficiency group.Conclusion The prevalence of iron deficiency and IDA were 12,2 and 26,8 . There were no evidence of relationship between adequacy of daily iron intake nor undernourished condition with iron deficiency status. There were statistically significant differences in total iron, heme iron, calcium, and zinc daily intakes between iron deficiency group and non iron deficiency group in 9 12 month old babies."

"ABSTRAKIbu hamil adalah salah satu kelompok yang paling rawan dalam berbagai aspek, salah satunya terhadap pangan dan gizi. Diperkirakan sebesar 20% kematian ibu berkaitan dengan rendahnya kadar hemoglobin (anemia gizi) selama kehamilan. Teh memiliki potensi sebagai penyebab anemia karena disinyalir mampu mengabsorbsi mineral sebagai bentuk zat besi yang dikaitkan dengan peranan tanin dalam akndungan teh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kadar tanin pada teh celup terhadap anemia gizi besi pada ibu hamil. Penelitian dilakukan dengan design Cross Sectional analytic. Responden terdiri dari 94 ibu hamil dengan usia kandungan > 16 minggu. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisa Cox Regression.Hasil analisa bivariat diperoleh bahwa prevalens ibu yang memiliki kadar tanin tinggi perharinya 2.77 kali lebih tinggi (95% CI 0.89 – 8.6) untuk menderita anemia gizi besi dibandingkan ibu yang memiliki kadar tanin lebih rendah. Pada tahap analisa multivariat, didapatkan hasil bahwa prevalens ibu hamil dengan kadar tanin yang tinggi 2,84 kali lebih tinggi (95% CI 0.9 – 9.06) untuk menderita anemia gizi besi setelah dikontrol variabel pola konsumsi protein hewani dengan bioavaiabilitas rendah dan usia ibu. Meskipun hubungan kadar tanin pada teh celup secara statistik tidak significan tetapi kadar tanin, asupan protein hewani dengan bioavaiabilitas rendah dan usia ibu dapat memprediksi nilai kadar serum ferritin ibu hamil.

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ABSTRACTPregnant women is one of the critical group in lot os aspect, one of it is food and nutrition. abaut 20% of mother mortality have correlation with less level of haemoglobin (nutrition anemia) during pregnancy. tea has potential causing anemia, because it has possibility be able to absorbs mineral as a form of iron which correlation to the contain of tannin in tea.this study puposes is to observe the effects of tannin in tea bags to iron nutritional anemia on pregnant women. the design of this study is Cross Sectional analysis. Respondents are 94 pregnant women with gestation > 16 weeks. data analyze by Cox Regression by bivariate analysis pregnant women with high tannin level in each day have prevalence 2.77 more high (95% CI 0.89 - 8.6) to be iron dificency comapre to pregnant women who has lower tannin level. in multivariate analysis step, pregnant women with high tannin level have prevalence 2.45 more high (95% CI 0.9 - 9.06) to be iron deficiency after control by heme consumtion and age of pregnant women variable.Although the correlation of tannin in tea bags statiscally not significant, but tannin level, heme consumption with low bioavaiability and age of pregnant women be able to predict the value of ferritin level in pregnant women."

"ABSTRAKKejadian anemia pada ibu hamil merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius karenapengaruhnya terhadap kesehatan ibu dan anak yang dikandung. Anemia dapatmengakibatkan kelahiran premature, gangguan perkembangan janin, BBLR dankematian ibu dan anak. Riskesdas 2013 mencatat prevalensi anemia ibu hamilsebesar 37,1%. Salah satu penyebab anemi dikarenakan rendahnya asupan zat besiyang dipengaruhi oleh pola makanan masyarakat Indonesia yang sebagian besarberasal dari sumber nabati. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan tingkatkonsumsi zat besi terhadap kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil. Desain penelitian iniadalah analitik observasional dengan rancangan studi cross sectional. Respondenadalah 2013 ibu hamil trimester 2 dan 3 pengunjung Puskesmas Tirto I kabupatenPekalongan. Pengambilan data dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, foodrecall 1x24 jam, FFQ serta pengambilan data LILA dan kadar Hb. Data dianalisisdengan Cox Regression. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 112 orang(55,2%) yang mengalami anemia. Sebanyak 100 orang ibu hamil (49,3%)memiliki tingkat konsumsi zat besi kurang dan 103 ibu hamil (50,7%) memilikitingkat konsumsi zat besi cukup. Konsumsi rata-rata zat besi/hari dari makananadalah 22,98+9,8 mg/hari yang kurang dari rekomendasi AKG untuk ibu hamil.Tingkat konsumsi zat besi berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian anemia ibuhamil (p<0,001; PR=2,466; CI 95%=1,829-3,325). Variabel lain yangberhubungan signifikan yaitu umur ibu hamil (PR=1,837; CI95%=1,509-2,237),jarak kelahiran (PR=1,714, CI 95% 1,085-2,709), LILA (PR=3,323; CI 95%2,473-4,466), pengetahuan tentang anemia (PR=2,676, CI 95% 1,861-3,848), polakonsumsi protein nabati (PR=1,319, CI 95% 1,034-1,683), pola konsumsipengikat zat besi (enhancer Fe) (PR=1,347, CI 95%1,045-1,735) dan konsumsitablet tambah darah (PR=1,741, CI 95% 1,228-2,468). Hasil analisis multivariatdiperoleh bahwa prevalens ibu hamil dengan tingkat konsumsi zat besi kurangberesiko 1,846 kali lebih tinggi (CI 95% 1,056 ? 3,564) untuk menderita anemiadibandingkan ibu hamil dengan tingkat konsumsi zat besi cukup setelah di kontrololeh variabel LILA, pengetahuan tentang anemia dan konsumsi tablet tambahdarah. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan tingkat konsumsi zat besi berhubungandengan kejadian anemia ibu hamil. Oleh karena itu, diperlukannya perbaikankonsumsi anekaragam pangan yang diatur proporsinya, dalam jumlah yang cukupdan dilakukan secara teratur

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ABSTRACTAnemia in pregnancy is still serious health problem considering the impact tomother?s and baby?s health. Anemia could lead to preterm birth, abortus, baby?sdevelopment disorder, low birth weight, and mother and baby?s death. Nationalhealth research in 2013 has resulted the prevalence of anemia among pregnantmother around 37,1%. One of contributive factors to anemia in pregnancy is thelow iron intake which affected by most Indonesian consumption pattern withplants food (non-haem iron). This research is aimed to figure out the associationbetween iron consumption level with anemia in pregnancy. Design study used inthis research is cross sectional. Respondent are 203 pregnant women trimester 2and 3 who had ANC in Tirto I primary health care. Data were collected throughcohort registration (for middleupperarmcircumference/MUAC and Hb) andinterview using questionnaire food recall 1x24 hr and FFQ. Data is analyzed byCox Regression. Result: as much 112 (55,2%) of 203 respondents were anemia.As much of 100 (49,3%) repsondents have low iron consumption level. Averageiron consumption per day from meal is 22,98+9,8 mg/day which is still under thedaily allowance intake recommendation for pregnant women. Iron consumptionlevel is significantly associated to anemia in pregnancy (p<0,001; PR=2,466; CI95%=1,829-3,325). Other variabels associated are age (PR=1,837; CI95%=1,509-2,237), birth distance (PR=1,714, CI 95%=1,085-2,709), MUAC (PR=3,323; CI95%=2,473-4,466), knowledge about anemia (PR=2,676, CI 95%=1,861-3,848),non-haem consumption pattern (PR=1,319, CI 95%=1,034-1,683), iron enhancerconsumption pattern (PR=1,347, CI 95%=1,045-1,735) and iron tabletconsumption (PR=1,741, CI 95%=1,228-2,468). Multivariate analysis showed thatprevalens among pregnant women with low iron consumption level is 1,846higher to suffer anemia than those with high iron consumption level after beingcontrolled by MUAC, knowledge and Fe Tablet consumption. This research hasconcluded that iron consumption level is associated to anemia in pregnancy.Therefore, it?s important to have variety in food consumption, served in properproportion and regular frequencies."

"Latar Belakang: Anemia adalah kondisi sel darah merah yang tidak cukup untuk menunjang kebutuhan fisiologis. Pada kehamilan, anemia cenderung terjadi pada trimester kedua dan ketiga serta menimbulkan komplikasi bagi ibu hamil dan janin yang dikandungnya. Konsumsi vitamin A pada kehamilan masih kurang populer, padahal berguna untuk menolong pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel serta memediasi metabolisme besi.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara status asupan vitamin A dan status anemia pada ibu hamil trimester ketiga.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang komparatif, dilakukan selama Agustus–Oktober 2018 di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, dengan total 57 subjek yang merupakan ibu hamil pada trimester ketiga dengan usia di atas 18 tahun. Untuk menyamakan jumlah subjek per kelompok, dilakukan simple random sampling menjadi 44 subjek dengan 22 subjek masing-masing pada kelompok anemia dan non-anemia. Status asupan vitamin A diukur menggunakan food frequency questionnaire semi-kuantitatif dengan bantuan database NutriSurvey dan status anemia diukur dengan uji konsentrasi hemoglobin menggunakan metode flowcytometry. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan SPSS 20.0 untuk iOS dengan uji komparatif tidak berpasangan.Hasil: Berdasarkan uji T tidak berpasangan, usia rerata pada kelompok anemia (31,6 7,1) tidak berbeda dibandingkan dengan kelompok non-anemia (31,2 6,4) (p>0,05). Berdasarkan uji chi-square tidak terdapat perbedaan usia gestasi secara statistik antara kelompok anemia dan non-anemia (p>0,05), namun terdapat perbedaan klinis (>10%) di mana usia gestasi kelompok >36 minggu memiliki prevalensi 15,2% lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok <36 minggu. Didapati bahwa 36 (81,8%) subjek tidak mendapatkan asupan vitamin A yang cukup. Uji Fischer menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan status asupan vitamin A antara kelompok anemia dan non-anemia (p>0,05).Pembahasan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara usia dan usia gestasi dengan status anemia. Akan tetapi, usia gestasi memiliki perbedaan klinis akibat peningkatan intensitas inflamasi seiring dengan usia gestasi yang menua. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara status asupan vitamin A dan status anemia. Hal ini disebabkan oleh peran vitamin A sebagai faktor pertumbuhan sehingga tetap membutuhkan komponen pembangunnya seperti zat besi, asam folat, dan kobalamin. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian yang mempelajari status asupan vitamin A dan nutrisi lainnya dan hubungannya dengan anemia pada ibu hamil di populasi umum

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Background: Anemia is condition in which red blood cells not adequate to support physiological needs. Anemia in pregnancy tends to occur in second–third trimester and serves complications both for mother and her child. Vitamin A is helpful for helping iron metabolism and cell differentiation and proliferation, but still considered unpopular.

Aim: Acquire information about relation between vitamin A dietary status and anemia status on third semester pregnant woman.

Method: This is a comparative cross-sectional research, conducted on August–October 2018 in Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, with total 57 subjects which are third trimester pregnant mothers aged more than 18 years old. Simple random sampling was done in-order to equalize number of subjects in two groups, into 22 subjects on each of anemia and non-anemia group. Vitamin A dietary status was measured with semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire with the help of NutriSurvey database and anemia status was measured by hemoglobin concentration with flowcytometry method. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20.0 for iOS with unpaired comparative test.

Results: Based on unpaired t-test, mean age on anemia group (31.6 7.1) is not different compared to non-anemia group (31.2 6.4) (p>0.05). Based on chi-square test there is no difference of gestation age between anemia and non-anemia group (p>0.05), however there is clinical difference (>10%) in which gestation age group of >36 weeks has prevalence of 15.2% higher compared to gestation age group of <36 weeks. This research found that 36 (81.8%) subject did not get adequate intake of vitamin A, where as Fischer test shown there is no difference of vitamin A dietary status between anemia and non-anemia group (p>0.05).

Discussion: There is no relation between maternal age and gestational age towards anemia status. However, gestational age has clinical difference as results of increase of inflammation incident with aging of gestational age. There is no relation between vitamin A dietary status and anemia status, which explained by vitamin A role as growth factor which still need the building blocks of erythrocyte such as iron, folic acid, and cobalamin. Thus, further research should study link between vitamin A and other nutrients dietary status towards anemia status on pregnant mothers on general population."

"Latar belakang: Pada trimester ketiga terjadi peningkatan patogen yang dapat disebabkan oleh gangguan kerja imunitas usus akibat defisiensi seng, sehingga menekan pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kadar seng serum dan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus pada kehamilan trimester ketiga. Desain: Studi potong lintang pada 52 wanita hamil ≥32 minggu, berusia 19–44 tahun dan memenuhi kriteria penelitian di 10 Puskesmas Kacamatan Jakarta Timur. Dinilai asupan seng dan besi menggunakan SQ-FFQ. Asupan protein, lemak dan total kalori menggunakan 2x24 hours food recall. Dilakukan pengukuran seng serum dan penghitungan Bifidobacterium usus. Hasil: Didapatkan asupan seng kurang dengan rerata 8,74±3,90 mg/hari. Defisiensi seng didapatkan pada 75% subjek. Jumlah Bifidobacterium usus subjek memiliki median sebesar 7,7 (5,12–9,50) log sel/gram. Kelompok defisiensi seng memiliki nilai median yang lebih rendah. Uji korelasi didapatkan nilai r=0,04 dengan p=0,81. Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan korelasi antara kadar seng serum dan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus kehamilan trimester ketiga.

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Background: Numbers of pathogen were increases in the third trimester of pregnancy that can be caused by impairment of gut immune function due to zinc serum deficiency, thereby suppressing the growth of Bifidobacterium. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between zinc serum levels and gut Bifidobacterium numbers in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Design: A cross-sectional study recruited 52 pregnant women among 19–44 years old with gestational age ≥32 weeks and met the study criteria were conducted in 10 Community Health Center at East Jakarta. Dietary intake such as zinc and iron through SQ-FFQ, protein, fat and total calories using 2x24 hours food recall were assessed. Measurement of serum zinc level and quantification of gut Bifidobacterium numbers were generated.

Results: The entire subject had poor zinc intake with mean value 8,74±3,90 mg/day. Zinc deficiency was found in 75% subjects. Median number of gut Bifidobacterium was 7,7 (5,12–9,50) log cell/gram and subjects with zinc deficiency had lower median value. Correlation test score r=0,04 and p=0,81.

Conclusion: There was no correlation between serum zinc levels and gut Bifidobacterium numbers in the third trimester of pregnancy."