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"Pada masa kehamilan, terjadi peningkatan kebutuhan nutrisi yang digunakan untuk pertumbuhan janin dan perubahan fisiologis tubuh ibu. Kurangnya asupan gizi pada masa kehamilan dapat menyebabkan malnutrisi dan masalah kesehatan pada ibu dan janin. Kalsium merupakan salah satu mikronutrien yang berperan penting dalam mempertahankan kepadatan tulang ibu dan pertumbuhan tulang dan gigi bayi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui korelasi antara kadar kalsium darah dengan asupan kalsium harian khususnya pada ibu hamil trimester pertama. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan sampel berjumlah 62 yang merupakan data sekunder dari penelitian primer yang dilakukan pada ibu hamil trimester pertama di beberapa rumah sakit di Jakarta. Data asupan diperoleh dengan menggunakan food frequency questionnaire, sedangkan kadar kalsium darah diperoleh dari hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium dengan menggunakan flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Data diolah melalui uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan uji Spearman dengan software SPSS versi 22 Mac OS X. Dari penelitian didapatkan sebanyak 93,5% subjek memiliki kadar kalsium normal dan sebagian besar (91,9%) subjek tidak mencapai angka kecukupan kalsium harian. Tidak didapatkan korelasi antara kadar kalsium darah dengan asupan kalsium ibu hamil trimester pertama (p=0,803). Dibutuhkan penelitian yang lebih komprehensif terkait faktor-faktor lain yang dapat mempengaruhi kadar kalsium darah ibu hamil trimester pertama.

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During pregnancy, the needs for most nutrients are increased to meet the demands of growing fetal and physiologic changes of the mother. Nutrient deficiency in pregnancy causes malnutrition and several problems of maternal and fetal health. Calcium is needed for maintaining bone density of mother and fetal development of bone and teeth. This research helps to find out the correlation between blood calcium level and daily calcium intake in first trimester pregnant women. This is a cross sectional research with 62 samples gathered from secondary data by the primary research done to pregnant women in several hospitals in Jakarta. The data of calcium intake is acquired from food frequency questionnaire, while blood calcium level is acquired from cilinical laboratory measurement by using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The data is analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Spearman’s test in SPSS for Mac OS X version 22 software. It is found that 93,5% of the subjects have normal blood calcium level, but 91,9 % of them do not meet the minimum requirement of daily calcium intake. There is no correlation between blood calcium level and daily calcium intake (p=0.803). More comprehensive studies associated to other factors determining blood calcium level are needed."

"Latar Belakang: Defisiensi vitamin A pada kehamilan adalah masalah kesehatan di masyarakat. Namun hipervitaminosis A juga memiliki potensi teratogenik pada kehamilan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan vitamin A dan kadar vitamin A serum pada kehamilan trimester pertama. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah studi potong-lintang. Data adalah data sekunder yang diambil dari penelitian primer pada ibu hamil di Jakarta. Kadar vitamin A diperolah dari hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium. Asupan vitamin A diperoleh dari pengisian food frequency questionaire oleh responden. Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan perangkat lunak SPSS for windows v.20.0. Hasil: Hasil uji deskriptif memperlihatkan 97,4% memiliki kadar vitamin A serum yang cukup dan tidak ada subjek yang mengalami defisiensi vitamin A. Sebanyak 57,9% subjek mendapat asupan vitamin A yang memadai. Uji korelasi antara kadar vitamin A serum pada wanita hamil trimester pertama dan asupan vitamin A menunjukan nilai p 0,542. Kesimpulan: Tidak ada korelasi yang berbeda bermakna antara kadar vitamin A subjek dan asupan vitamin A. Jumlah asupan vitamin A harian pada wanita hamil trimester pertama tidak perlu diatur dengan ketat.

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Background: Vitamin A deficiency in pregnancy is a health problem in society. However, hypervitaminosis A is also has a teratogenic potency in pregnancy, The objective of this research is to find out the relation between vitamin A intake with serum vitamin A level in Pregnant Women in 1st Trimester.

Method: This is a cross-sectional study using secondary data from primary research done to pregnant women in Jakarta. The data of vitamin A intake are obtained from the food frequency questionnaire filled by the respondent. The data of serum vitamin A level are obtained by laboratory examination. The data is then analyzed by using SPSS for windows v.20.0 software.

Result: The test shows that 97.4% of the subject already have appropriate serum vitamin A level and no subject suffers from vitamin A deficiency. It is also found that 57.9% of the subject have adequate vitamin A intake. Correlation test has been done on serum vitamin A level in pregnant woman in 1st Trimester and the vitamin A intake shows p value of 0.542.

Conclusion: No Relation found beetween serum vitamin A level of the subject and the vitamin A intake. The amount of daily vitamin A intake in pregnant women in 1st Trimester should not be regulated strictly."

"Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang dimiliki oleh 150,8 juta anak di seluruh dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Anak stunting diindikasikan dengan tinggi badan menurut usia di bawah minus dua deviasi standar dari World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards median. Jika terjadi dalam 1000 hari kehidupan pertama seorang anak, stunting cenderung bersifat irreversible, dan dapat menyebabkan gangguan perkembangan, mulai dari penurunan kemampuan kognitif, peningkatan risiko atas penyakit metabolik, dan penurunan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan hidup di masa depan. Korelasi vitamin D dan kalsium masih terhadap stunting masih kurang dieksplorasi, padahal beberapa studi menunjukkan dampak positif melalui fungsi mineralisasi tulang dan insulin-like growth factor axis. Dengan begitu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari korelasi antara asupan kalsium dan vitamin D terhadap indikator stunting (HAZ) pada anak usia 6-24 bulan sebagai usia yang telah mendapatkan MPASI, dan di Jakarta Timur sebagai wilayah dengan prevalensi stunting kedua tertinggi di antara wilayah DKI Jakarta lainnya. Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah metode potong lintang, dengan total 62 sampel, yaitu anak usia 6-24 bulan yang bertempat tinggal di Jakarta Timur dan mengikuti penelitian Departemen Gizi FKUI 2014, sesuai kriteria inklusi tanpa kriteria eksklusi, kemudian terpilih melalui simple random sampling. Pengolahan dan analisis data dilakukan dengan perangkat lunak SPSS 20 for Mac. Hasil: Hasil yang ditemukan adalah anak usia 12-24 bulan berhubungan positif dan signifikan secara statistik terhadap asupan kalsium kurang dari AKG (OR= 16,611; p<0,001). Sebaran asupan vitamin D dan status stunting berdasarkan seluruh karakteristik subjek tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan secara statistik. Sementara itu, asupan kalsium dan HAZ berkorelasi positif dan searah (r=0,324; p=0,005; p<0,01), begitu pula dengan asupan vitamin D dan HAZ berkorelasi positif dan searah (r=0,279; p=0,014, p<0,05). Hubungan status asupan kalsium dan vitamin D terhadap status stunting tidak bersifat signifikan secara statistik, namun penting secara klinis. Pembahasan: Usia 12-24 bulan lebih berisiko untuk memiliki asupan kalsium yang lebih rendah karena frekuensi minum ASI yang semakin berkurang tidak diimbangi dengan asupan gizi MPASI. Korelasi signifikan antara asupan kalsium dan asupan vitamin D terhadap HAZ mendukung studi sebelumnya bahwa kalsium dan vitamin D dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi IGF-1 plasma, dan bahwa kalsium dan vitamin D bekerja berdampingan.

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Stunting is a global health issue, with approximately 150.8 million children are affected worldwide, including Indonesia. Children with stunting are indicated with a Height-for-Age Z Score of less than-2 standard deviation based the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards median. If it occurs in the first 1000 days of life, stunting tends to be irreversible and cause impaired development, from cognitive impairment and increased risk of metabolic diseases, to lower income and welfare in the future. Correlation between vitamin D and calcium intake towards stunting have yet to be explored thoroughly even though several studies suggest their positive impacts through bone mineralisation and insulin-like growth factor axis. Thus, this research is done in order to discover the correlation between calcium and vitamin D toward stunting indicators (HAZ) on children aged 6-24 months, as they are currently given complementary foods, and located in East Jakarta, which has the second highest stunting prevalence compared to other regions in DKI Jakarta. Method: This study uses a cross-sectional method with a total of 62 samples, which are children aged 6-24 months that live in East Jakarta and took part in FKUI's Nutrition Department's Research in 2014, passing inclusion criterias without exclusion criterias, then selected through simple random sampling. Data processing and analysis are conducted with SPSS 20 for Mac software. Results: Results have found children age 12-24 months significantly and positively correlated with calcium intake less then AKG (OR=16.611; p<0.001). Vitamin D intake and stunting status distribution based on all subject characteristics are statistically insignificant On the other hand, calcium intake and HAZ have a positive and unidirectional correlation of (r=0.324; p=0.005; p<0.01), similar with vitamin D intake and HAZ with a positive and unidirectional correlation (r=0.279; p=0.014, p<0.05). Meanwhile, relationships of calcium and vitamin D intake status towards stunting status are not statistically significant, however clinically important. Discussion: Age group 12-24 months has higher risk to have lower calcium intake because reduced breastfeeding frequency is not balanced with adequate complementary food. Significant correlation between calcium and vitamin D intake towards stunting indicator supports the theory where calcium and vitamin D increases plasma IGF-1 concentration, and that both calcium and vitamin D works side-by-side."

"Usia lanjut berisiko tinggi mengalami defisiensi vitamin D, sedangkan vitamin D memiliki efek protektif terhadap massa otot. Penurunan massa otot dan fungsinya disebut dengan sarkopenia. Prevalensi sarkopenia sangat tinggi pada usia lanjut yang tinggal di panti wreda, kondisi ini disebabkan gaya hidup sedentari pada penghuni panti wreda. Deteksi dini sarkopenia dapat dilakukan dengan mengukur fungsi otot, salah satunya adalah mengukur performa fisik dengan tes short physical performance battery (SPPB). Penelitian potong lintang ini bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi antara kadar vitamin D serum dengan performa fisik pada usia lanjut di lima panti wreda yang terdaftar di Kota Tangerang Selatan. Pengambilan subjek dilakukan dengan cara proportional random sampling, didapatkan 100 usila yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Pemeriksaan kadar vitamin D menggunakan kadar kalsidiol serum dengan metode chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). Pemeriksaan massa otot menggunakan bioelectric impedance analysis Tanita SC-330. Analisis korelasi menggunakan uji nonparametrik. Didapatkan nilai tengah usia subjek adalah 74,89 tahun dan 72% subjek adalah perempuan. Terdapat  85% subjek memiliki asupan vitamin D yang kurang dan  94% subjek memiliki skor pajanan sinar matahari yang rendah, serta seluruh subjek masih memiliki massa otot yang normal. Nilai tengah kadar vitamin D serum  adalah 15,50(4-32) ng/mL, dengan 72% subjek mengalami defisiensi vitamin D. Nilai tengah performa fisik adalah 9(3-12) dan sebanyak 47% subjek mengalami performa fisik yang buruk. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar vitamin D serum dengan performa fisik pada usia lanjut di panti wreda (r=0,130; p=0,196).

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Elderly individuals have a risk of vitamin D deficiency, whereas vitamin D has a protective effect on muscle mass. Decrease in muscle mass and function is called sarcopenia. The prevalence of sarcopenia is very high in the elderly who live in nursing homes, this condition is due to the sedentary lifestyle. Early detection of sarcopenia can be done by measuring physical performance with short physical performance battery (SPPB) test. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the correlation between vitamin D serum levels with physical performance among elderly individuals in five nursing homes registered in South Tangerang. A hundred subjects who fulfilled study criteria gathered using proportional random sampling method. Examination of vitamin D levels using calcidiol serum with the chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) method. Muscle mass was measured using bioelectric impedance analysis Tanita type SC-330. Nonparametric correlation was used for correlation analysis. Median age of subjects was 74.89 years old and 72% were female. Eighty-five percent of subjects had low vitamin D intake, 94% of subjects had low sun exposure score, and all subjects had normal muscle mass. Mean level of vitamin D serum was 15.50 (4-32) ng/mL, with 72% of subjects had vitamin D deficiency. Mean score of physical performance was 9(3-12) and 47% of subjects had low physical performance. This study showed that there was no correlation found between vitamin D serum levels with physical performance among elderly individuals in nursing homes (r=0.130; p=0.196)."

"Kadar vitamin D dapat menurun pada penggunaan OAE lebih dari 6 bulan karena mengaktivasi pregnane x receptor (PXR) yang selanjutnya akan meningkatkan regulasi 24-hydroxylase. Hal ini dapat memicu perubahan vitamin D menjadi metabolit inaktif. Karbamazepin (CBZ), fenitoin (PHT), fenobarbital (PHB) dan asam valproat (VPA) merupakan jenis OAE generasi pertama yang banyak digunakan di RSCM. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran kadar vitamin D dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan OAE generasi tunggal Metode. Desain penelitian berupa studi potong lintang dengan pengambilan sampel secara konsekutif. Subyek penelitian adalah orang dengan epilepsi yang mengkonsumsi CBZ, PHT, PHB dan VPA minimal 6 bulan dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Pada subyek dilakukan wawancara, pengisian kuesioner, pemeriksaan fisik, recall makanan dan pengambilan darah vena untuk pemeriksaan kadar vitamin D. Hasil. Dari 59 subyek diperoleh subyek lelaki : perempuan (1,4:1). Sebagian besar subyek menggunakan karbamazepin (45,8%) dengan durasi penggunaan OAE berkisar 6 bulan – 35 tahun. Lebih banyak subyek yang mendapatkan paparan sinar matahari yang cukup lebih banyak dibandingkan yang kurang. Prevalensi kadar vitamin D rendah, yaitu, 30,5%. Median vitamin D yaitu, 36,9 ng/ml. Kesimpulan. Kadar vitamin D pada penggunaan OAE generasi pertama tunggal lebih dari 6 bulan adalah normal. Kadar vitamin D tidak dipengaruhi oleh jenis OAE, durasi penggunaan OAE dan asupan vitamin D. Namun kadar vitamin D pada orang dengan epilpesi dipengaruhi oleh jumlah paparan sinar matahari.

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Level of vitamin D can be decreased by first generation anti epileptic anti epileptic drugs (AEDs) due to pregnane x receptor (PXR) activated and increase of 24-hydroxylase regulation. Carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PHB) or valproic acid (VPA) are first generation AEDs that are common used at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Therefore, the aim of this study is knowing vitamin D level in patients that have been treated by those AEDs more than 6 months.

Method. This was a cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling. Subjects were people with epilepsy taking CBZ, PHT, PHB, or VPA for at least 6 months and fulfilled both inclusion and exclusion criteria. All subjects were interviewed, food recalled and underwent physical examination and measurements of vitamin D level.

Result. Among 59 subjects, male:female ratio is 1.4:1. Most subjects using carbamazepine (45.8%) with duration of OAE therapy is 6 months - 35 years. Prevalence of hipovitaminosis D is 30.5%. Median of vitamin D is 36.1 ng / ml.

Conclusion. Vitamin D level is normal among people with epilepsy (PWE) and not influenced by AEDs type, duration of medication and food intake. However, vitamin D level is influenced by sun exposure in PWE."

"Background: The aim of this study was to analyse differences in bone density and vitamin D and calcium concentrationsbetween pregnant and non-pregnant women. Methods: This was an analytical, cross-sectional study of women aged 30years or over, residing in the Puskesmas Bangkalan district. The sample population was chosen at random and included10 pregnant women in their third trimester and 10 non-pregnant women. This observational study consisted of aninterview, a blood test, and a 24-hour recall. The concentration of serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured by GasChromatography and a Photometric Test measured the concentration of serum calcium. Participant’s bone density wasmeasured by bone ultra sonometer. The data was analysed using the Mann-Whitney test and assessed ultraviolet-Bexposure, bone density values, and consumption of vitamin D, calcium, energy, and protein. The Student t-test wasused to analyse serum vitamin D and calcium concentrations. Results: There were no differences between the groups’serum vitamin D concentrations (p = 0.946). However, there were significant differences between the groups’ serumcalcium concentrations (p = 0.047) and bone density values (p = 0.019). Conclusions: A high prevalence of vitamin Ddeficiency (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) and insufficiency (25(OH)D < 80 nmol/L) was observed in both groups. The meanserum calcium concentrations and bone density values were lower in pregnant subjects than non-pregnant subjects."