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"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas tentang analisa rekayasa nilai pada desain fasilitas produksi gas alam dengan menggunakan tiga opsi desain pada Lapangan X dengan tujuan mendapatkan nilai kriteria desain yang paling optimal. Kriteria desain yang digunakan adalah modal awal CapEx , Net Present Value NPV , Internal Rate of Return IRR , lama waktu, resiko keselamatan dan lingkungan, dan fleksibilitas pengembangan. Hasil analisa rekayasa nilai metode paired comparison perbandingan dipadankan menunjukkan bahwa Opsi A yang menggunakan fasilitas produksi fix platform memiliki nilai NPV yang lebih baik 43,537,469.58 dibanding opsi yang memiliki NPV terkecil , dengan IRR 19 dan Pay Out Time POT selama 5 tahun.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses an analysis of value engineering for natural gas production facitlity with three design options of Field X development to get the optimal design criteria value. The design criteria used for this analysis are capital expenditure CapEx , net present value NPV , internal rate of return IRR , project schedule, safety and environment risk, and expansion flexibility. Value engineering paired comparison method result that Option A with the fix platforms has the best NPV of 43,537,469.58 more than the least NPV from other option , with the IRR value of 19 and Pay Out Time POT 5 years."

"[ABSTRAKRekayasa nilai adalah aplikasi metodologi nilai pada suatu proyek atau layanan yang telahdirencanakan atau dikonsepkan untuk mencapai peningkatan nilai. Metode rekayasa nilaidipilih karena mempunyai kelebihan dalam hal mengendalikan biaya dengan menggunakanpendekatan dengan cara menganalisis nilai terhadap fungsinya tanpa menghilangkan kualitasserta reliabilitas yang diinginkan. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai peningkatan pemanfaatangas bumi untuk sektor transportasi di Jakarta menggunakan metode rekayasa nilai denganmengimplementasikan kebutuhan pengembangan unit SPBG yang berdampak langsung padakeekonomian investasi SPBG dan usulan skema bisnis yang menarik bagi investor. Parameteryang paling berpengaruh dalam hal pemanfaatan gas bumi untuk sektor transportasi denganmenggunakan fast diagram adalah ketersediaan infrastruktur gas dan pasar penggunan BBGsampai dengan menentukan keekonomian harga jual BBG. Dengan infrastruktur SPBG yangkuat, pasar BBG yang kompetitif serta skema bisnis yang jelas tentunya akan menarik minatinvestor. Untuk memenuhi kondisi tersebut, beberapa parameter harus dipenuhi, yaitu hargapokok gas maksimal sebesar USD 4,3/mmbtu + Rp 750/m3, utilitas volume penjualanminimum 70% dari kapasitas dan harga jual BBG minimum sebesar Rp 4.087/Lsp serta usulanskema bisnis yang cocok untuk meningkatkan pemanfaatan gas bumi di sektor transportasi bagisemua stakeholder di Jakarta adalah menggunakan model bisnis jasa kompresi dan biayamarketing.

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ABSTRACTValue engineering method is a value method application that is applied on a project or a servicethat has underwent planning or conceptualized in order to achieve greater leverage. Valueengineering method was chosen because it has a greater advantage in controlling costs usingan approach via function analysis without relinquishing the quality as well as the reliabilityneeded. This research discuss the raise of natural gas utilization for the transportation sector inJakarta using value engineering method by implementing the requirements of gas stationdevelopment, which not only directly affects the investment economics of gas station but alsohow the business scheme draws the attention of investors. The parameter with the mostinfluence in natural gas utilization for the transportation sector is the availability of gasinfrastructure, the gas fuel market, and gas fuel pricing. With strong gas station infrastructure,competitive gas fuel market, and clear business scheme, the level of attractiveness will surelyincrease among investors. In order to fulfill the aforementioned conditions, a few parametersmust be satisfied, which are maximum feed gas price is USD 4,3/mmbtu + Rp 750/m3, theminimum sales volume utilization is 70% and minimum gas fuel retail price is Rp 4.087/Lsp(Lsp ≈ Nm³). Furthermore, the most suitable business scheme for all stakeholders in order toincrease the natural gas utilization for the transportation sector in Jakarta is the compressionfee & marketing fee business model, Value engineering method is a value method application that is applied on a project or a servicethat has underwent planning or conceptualized in order to achieve greater leverage. Valueengineering method was chosen because it has a greater advantage in controlling costs usingan approach via function analysis without relinquishing the quality as well as the reliabilityneeded. This research discuss the raise of natural gas utilization for the transportation sector inJakarta using value engineering method by implementing the requirements of gas stationdevelopment, which not only directly affects the investment economics of gas station but alsohow the business scheme draws the attention of investors. The parameter with the mostinfluence in natural gas utilization for the transportation sector is the availability of gasinfrastructure, the gas fuel market, and gas fuel pricing. With strong gas station infrastructure,competitive gas fuel market, and clear business scheme, the level of attractiveness will surelyincrease among investors. In order to fulfill the aforementioned conditions, a few parametersmust be satisfied, which are maximum feed gas price is USD 4,3/mmbtu + Rp 750/m3, theminimum sales volume utilization is 70% and minimum gas fuel retail price is Rp 4.087/Lsp(Lsp ≈ Nm³). Furthermore, the most suitable business scheme for all stakeholders in order toincrease the natural gas utilization for the transportation sector in Jakarta is the compressionfee & marketing fee business model]"

"Tahap perencanaan atau disain pada proyek bangunan gedung sering kali tidak berjalan optimal yang berdampak pada banyaknya pemborosan dan biaya tidak perlu pada tahap pelaksanaan konstruksi bangunan gedung sehingga upaya penerapan VE bisa menjadi solusi untuk mengoptimalkan nilai manfaat (worth) sekaligus mengurangi biaya-biaya yang tidak perlu pada sebuah proyek bangunan gedung. Disamping itu fenomena keuntungan kontraktor bangunan gedung di Indonesia yang sangat minim menjadi ancaman bagi keberlangsungan bisnis kontraktor bangunan gedung di Indonesia. Disinilah peran VE diharapkan bisa memberi kontribusi bagi peningkatan kinerja biaya proyek- proyek bangunan gedung di Indonesia khususnya PT X sebagai Badan Usaha Milik Negara. Penerapan VE pada tahap pelaksanaan konstruksi bangunan gedung di PT X yang belum optimal tidak akan memberikan manfaat yang signifikan bagi kinerja proyek konstruksi bangunan gedung. Penelitian dimaksudkan untuk menyediakan saran bagi pengoptimalan penerapan VE pada tahap pelaksanaan. Penelitian dilaksanakan melalui survey kuesioner. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi bahwa penerapan VE belum optimal. VE belum dipahami dengan benar, dan belum diterapkan belum sesuai standar internasional. Kualitas Tim VE, Manajemen pada fase Job Plan, dukungan top manajemen perusahaan dan dukungan dari eksternal menjadi faktor penentu keberhasilan penerapan VE di PT X.

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AbstractStage in project planning or design of buildings often do not run optimally impacting on the amount of waste and unnecessary costs on the stage of the construction of buildings so that the application of VE effort could be a solution to optimize the value of the benefit (worth) while reducing the costs of unnecessary on a building project. Besides, the phenomenon of profit building contractor building in Indonesia is very minimal threat to the sustainability of the building contracting business in Indonesia. This is where the role of VE is expected to contribute to improving the cost performance of building projects in Indonesia, especially PT X as a State Owned Enterprise. Application of VE at the stage of the construction of buildings in PT X is not optimal will not provide significant benefits for the performance of building construction projects. The research is intended to provide suggestions for optimizing the application of VE in the implementation stage. The experiment was conducted through a survey questionnaire. The results identified that the application of VE is not optimal. VE has not been understood properly, and has not been implemented yet according to international standards. Quality of the VE Team, Management Job Plan phase, top management support and support from external companies became the criticcal factor in the successful application of VE PT X."

"Proyek pembangunan kereta api ekspres bandara Soekarno Hatta sebagai proyek KPS yang melibatkan pihak swasta, memerlukan biaya investasi yang sangat besar. Hal ini menyebabkan kurangnya minat pihak swasta, sehingga perlu upaya inovatif dan kreatif dalam perencanaan pembangunan agar diperoleh hasil yang dapat menarik minat investor untuk ikut serta dalam pembiayaan proyek. Salah satu upaya adalah dengan melakukan pemilihan teknologi perkeretaapian untuk mendapatkan konsep desain yang optimal. Teknologi yang akan diterapkan dalam pembangunan infrastruktur kereta api ekspress bandara dapat memberikan dampak terhadap proses dan biaya pada saat pembangunan itu sendiri ataupun kemudahan proses dan biaya perawatan dan operasional yang diperlukan pada masa konsesi dan sesudahnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis teknologi dan melakukan kajian terhadap teknologi yang akan yang akan dipilih untuk digunakan dalam pembangunan kereta api ekspres Bandara Interasional Soekarno Hatta. Metode yang digunakan adalah value engineering dengan analisa life cycle cost untuk mengetahui dampak pemilihan teknologi terhadap optimasi biaya investasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah teknologi komponen infrastruktur yang dipilih memberikan dampak nilai NPV dan IRR yang paling besar diantara pilihan teknologi lainnya.

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Express railway construction projects Soekarno Hatta airport as PPP projects involving private parties, requires a very large investment costs. This leads to lack of interest of private parties, so we need innovative and creative efforts in development planning in order to obtain results which can attract investors to participate in financing the project. One of the efforts is to conduct selection of railway technology to obtain optimal design concept. The technology will be applied in the construction of the airport express railway infrastructure can have an impact on the process and cost during the construction process itself, nor the ease and cost of maintenance and operations needed in the concession period and thereafter. This study aimed to identify the types of technology and a review of the technology that will be selected for use in the construction of an express railway of Soekarno Hatta International Airport. The method used is value engineering with the life cycle cost analysis to determine the impact of technology on the selection of the investment cost optimization. The selected infrastructure components technology impact the NPV and IRR of the most substantial among other technology options."

"Proyek Rusunami merupakan proyek rumah susun yang ditujukan untuk kalangan menengah bawah sebagai realisasi kepedulian pemerintah dalam penyediaan hunian yang layak, sehat dan terjangkau bagi masyarakat. Konstruksi bangunan ini menggunakan konstruksi beton bertulang yang terdiri dari 6 sampai 20 lantai. Dalam proses pembangunannya, pelaksana proyek menggunakan metode pracetak untuk konstruksi kolom, balok, pelat lantai dan tangga.Berangkat dari hal diatas maka kontraktor atau investor diharapkan dapat menekan biaya seminimal mungkin dalam rangka pemenuhan kebutuhan Rusunami tersebut disesuaikan dengan kerangka kebijakan pemerintah. Hal ini mutlak dilakukan tanpa harus mengorbankan kualitas dan fungsi dari proyek. Walaupun potensi yang sangat besar tetapi risiko investasi pada proyek ini masih terlalu tinggi. Oleh karena itu, skripsi ini bertujuan untuk melakukan studi value engineering pekerjaan arsitektur proyek Rusunami Pulogebang yang dilakukan dengan pedekatan pasar.Dalam penulisan tugas akhir ini penyusun menggunakan data historis dan informasi lainnya mengenai proyek Rusunami Pulogebang sehingga muncul gambaran mengenai besaran Rencana Anggaran Biaya proyek. Optimalisasi Rencana Anggaran Biaya proyek dilakukan berdasarkan data sekunder yang diperoleh serta data primer (RAB Rusunami Pulogebang), hasilnya akan dilakukan analisa kuantitatif. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan besaran Rencana Anggaran Biaya proyek yang sesuai dengan desain kriteria yang berorientasi terhadap pasar hingga metode konstruksinya.Dengan adanya Rencana Anggaran Biaya yang didasari pada studi value engineering pekerjaan arsitektur yang tepat dan dilakukan dengan pendekatan pasar, maka akan didapatkan suatu Rencana Anggaran Biaya yang baik yang pada akhirnya dapat mempengaruhi skema pendanaan dan perolehan keuntungan yang ditetapkan investor dan kontraktor ke depan.

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Rusunami project is a project which take place as a result of government's policy in order to assist the middle low financially viable community level in the urban area. The construction of this project has been conducted using reinforced concrete method applied to most of the building's section which stands from 6 to 20 stories. In the construction process carried out by the contractor, the building is being built using precast method in several section of the building's element such as slabs, columns, and stairs.

Departing from the statement above, thus contractor or investor is expected to minimize the project's cost in order to reach the government's policy objectives for the community. This stage of action is a must do state without sacrificing the quality and function of each of the element involved in the building structural properties. Therefore this research is made to signify a market based architectural value engineering for this project.

The research is using historical data and other information related to Pulogebang rusunami Project in order to illustrate the condition of the project's construstion cost structure. Optimalization of this cost structure is conducted based on the actual secondary data provided by the developer of this project, quantitative analysis will be applied to the result of the data which has been processed. This step is taken to signify the worth of te cost structure that has already been sincronized with the market's criteria for the product they desire.

With the presence of a Construction cost structure that has already been implied with a correct market based architectural value engineering, hence the actual cost structure can be modified in order to maximize the worth of he project's investment value which can be illustrate in the financing schem in the next research that will be conducted separately."

"Globalisasi memaksa industri manufaktur untuk mampu bertahan dalam persaingan yang semakin ketat. Perusahaan harus mempunyai keahlian untuk melakukan inovasi produk yang dihasilkan, menekan biaya serendah mungkin dengan tetap mempertahankan kualitas produk dan tetap berorentasi pada keuntungan yang diinginkan. Salah satu konsep untuk memastikan bahwa sebuah produk cukup untung ketika diluncurkan adalah memfokuskannya pada target costing.Pencapaian target costing secara efektif dapat diperoleh dengan beberapa pendekatan, yaitu Quality Function Deployment I digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menterjemahkan Voice of Customer ke dalam customer requiremet dan technical requirement. Value Engineering digunakan untuk menetapkan performance produk lebih baik/sama dengan biaya Iebih rendah, dan Fuzzy Logic digunakan untuk merepresentasikan ketidakpastian karena kuantitas pemesanan, fluktuasi permintaan, kondisi pasar dan fluktuasi nilai tukar/kurs.Penelitian ini dilakukan pada sebuah industri manufaktur klakson PT Hamaden. Target costing ditetapkan berdasarkan ketentuan penurunan harga jual produk lama sebesar 2%, dengan nilai target cost sebesar Rp 15.752. Setelah dilakukan analisa dengan menggunakan QFDI. Value Engineering dan Fuzzy Logic diperoleh usulan rancangan komponen produk diameter nut 6mm, ketebalan nut 4,5mm, diameter core 6mm, panjang core 14,5mm dengan total biaya produk sebesar Rp 15.699. Dari penelitian ini, total biaya poduk usulan lebih rendah dari pada target cost ini brrarti bahwa target costing dapat tercapai.

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Globalization forces manufactures to stay emulation on tight competition. Organization must have an expertise to make product innovation, to decrease product cost as low as possibly with maintaining the quality of product and remain oriented for desired profit. One way to ensure that products are profitable when launched is focusing it to target costing.

Achievement of target costing effectively can be obtained with view approach, which are Quality Function Deployment, which usually is used to identify and translate Voice of Customer into Customer Requirement and Technical Requirement. Value Engineering is used to speciiy performance of better/equal product to lower cost, and fuzzy logic is used to present uncertainty because ordering, demand fluctuation, market condition and foreign exchange fluctuation.

This research is conducted to industry of manufacture horn PT Hamaden. Target costing is specified based on selling price of old product equal to 2%, with target cost achieved Rp 15.752. After analysis of product component by QFDl, Value Engineering and Fuzzy Logic, the proposal of product component design is determined is as follow : nut diameter is 6mm, nur thickness is 4,5mm, core diameter is 6mm, core length is 14,5mm, and the total cost of product is achieved equal Rp 15.699. From this research, the total cost of product less than target cost, it?s mean that the target costing can be achieved."

"Penerapan value engineering pada design konseptual jembatan selat sunda telah menghasilkan beberapa inovasi. Inovasi-inovasi ini dibuat untuk menarik pihak investor untuk menananamkan modalnya di projek jembatan selat sunda. Salah satunya adalah pembangunan infrastruktur energy yang meliputi tidal energy, wind energy, serta pipa minyak & gas. Pembangunan infrastruktur energy ini adalah untuk memanfaatkan berbagai macam potensi sumber daya yang berada di sekitar daerah jembatan selat sunda. Semua jenis projek tersebut kemudian di analisis menggunakan skema Life Cycle Cost dengan menggunakan parameter kelayakan nilai Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Present Value ( NPV ) serta B/C ratio. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa projek-projek yang akan dibangun memenuhi semua parameter kelayakan tersebut, kecuali untuk wind energy pada scenario 1 dengan harga listrik Rp.410 / kwh.

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Application of Value Engineering to the sunda strait bridge (SSB) conceptual design have generated some innovations in term of function. These are created to attract the private sector to invest their money on this project. Including the development of tidal energy, wind energy, and oil & gas pipeline along the bridge which is aim to utilize the potential resources around it. Furthermore, its project will be analyzed using Life Cycle Cost scheme with the following parameters; Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Present Value (NPV), and B/C ratio. Analysises show that all project comply with the parameters that have been defined, except to wind energy in scheme 1 with cost of electricity is Rp.410 / kwh."

"Sunda Strait Bridge (SSB) is one of the mega-intifastructure projects offered by the Indonesian governrneni' and is expected to contribute to national economic growth by bridging cconofnic connectivity between two major islands in Indonesia. At tirst, SSB construction was ot`t`ered as a USS lt) Billion project in Etll 0 and revised into a USS 25 billion project with additional scope of work, i.e. industrial area development along the site, in 20li. Yet, it was still unattractive to private investors due to lacleing of technical and Hnancial feasibility. Thus, Value Engineering (VE) approach is used to increase and improve the project’s teasibility by generating innovative ideas. Innovation through additional 'ninctions lor Sunda Strait Bridge development is comprising of: 1) Development of renewable energy-based power plant by using tidal and wind power; 2) Integration of oil and gas pipelines; (3) Fiber optic pipelines; 4) Tourism Development in Sangiang Island which may be accessed by using either road bridge or hanging train; 5) Development of industrial area. The life cycle cost analysis by IRR and NPV approaches confirmed that Sunda Strait Bridge development with additional functions increased the intcmal late of return of the overall project up to 7.26% and had a positive NPV value."