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"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas tentang perbedaan persepsi antara kebijakan sekuritisasiIUU Fishing pada masa pemerintahan Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono dan Joko Widodo.Di masa Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, isu ini dipandang sebagai kriminalbiasa yang bisa diatasi dengan penegakan hukum saja, sedangkan pemerintahanPresiden Joko Widodo, isu ini merupakan ancaman keamanan yang dianggap sangatkrusial, sehingga harus ditanggulangi lewat tindakan keamanan. Melalui latar belakangtersebut, penulis mengangkat pertanyaan penelitian yaitu indikator-indikator apa yangmendorong terjadinya sekuritisasi IUU Fishing pada masa pemerintahan Joko Widodo.Maka teori yang penulis anggap paling sesuai untuk penelitian ini yaitu teorisekuritisasi oleh Barry Buzan et al dan melalui pengolahan data menggunakan metodekualitatif. Hasil akhir penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa: pertama, Presiden Joko Widodomelihat bahwa IUU Fishing merupakan isu keamanan yang harus diatasi dengantindakan luar biasa. Kedua, terdapat perekonomian nasional dan kedaulatan teritorialsebagai referent object yang dirugikan akibat IUU Fishing. Ketiga, perlunya tindakanextraordinary measures dalam mengatasi IUU Fishing. Selanjutnya, sesuai denganhipotesa penelitian, ditemukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang drastis dalampenanggulangan IUU Fishing antara pemerintahan Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono danJoko Widodo, serta terdapat pula tindakan khusus terhadap kapal pelaku IUU Fishing.Selain itu, satu hasil berbeda dengan hipotesa semula, yaitu IUU Fishing dipandangsebagai ancaman keamanan oleh Pemerintahan Joko Widodo, disisi lain pemerintahanSusilo Bambang Yudhoyono melihat IUU Fishing bukan sebagai ancaman keamanan.Dengan demikian hipotesa penulis telah teruji secara ilmiah.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the differences in perception between the securitizationpolicies IUU Fishing between the Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono rsquo s and the JokoWidodo rsquo s administration. At the time of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono rsquo s presidency, theissue is seen as a criminal that can be solely solved by law enforcement, while in thePresident Joko Widodo rsquo s administration, this issue is perceived as a security threat, thatis considered very important and should be overcome with security measures. Basedon that background, the author raises the research questions of what indicators drivingthe securitization of IUU fishing in Joko Widodo rsquo s administration. The theory that theauthors consider the most suitable for this research is the theory of securitization byBarry Buzan et al and the data is using qualitative methods. This research found threefinal results first, President Joko Widodo sees that IUU fishing is a security issue thatmust be overcome with extraordinary measures. Second, there are two referent objectsaffected by this issue, which are the national economy and the territorial sovereignty.Third, there is a necessity of using extraordinary measures to overcome IUU Fishing.Furthermore, according to the research hypothesis, it was found that there is a drasticdifference in combating IUU fishing between the Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono rsquo s andthe Joko Widodo rsquo s administration and there is also implementation of extraordinarymeasures in combating IUU fishing vessels. In addition, there is a result that is notmatched with the initial hypothesis, which is IUU Fishing perceived as security threatby the Joko Widodo rsquo s administration, in other hand the Susilo Bambang Yudhouyono rsquo sadministration perceives this issue not as a security threat. Therefore, the researcher rsquo shypothesis has been tested scientifically."

"ABSTRAKIntensifnya respon Indonesia terhadap isu IUU fishing pada akhir tahun 2014 hingga tahun 2016 telah mengidikasikan adanya upaya sekuritisasi isu ini oleh Pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widodo. Berdasarkan teori konteks dalam sekuritisasi milik Thierry Balzacq, penelitian ini menganalisis konteks apa yang mempengaruhi sekurtisasi isu IUU fishing tersebut. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah analisis konten terhadap lsquo;penyampaian-penyampaian rsquo; tentang IUU fishing oleh Pemerintah, artikel-artikel yang dimuat oleh media massa nasional, serta regulasi-regulasi dalam rezim IUU fishing regional dan internasional. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa diskursus tentang IUU fishing di ranah domestik dan rezim internasional maupaun regional tentang IUU fishing merupakan konteks yang mempengaruhi sekuritisasi karena keduanya menjadi sumber makna tekstual dan sumber makna kultural tentang IUU fishing bagi Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTIndonesia rsquo s intensive response to IUU fishing by the end of 2014 until 2016 has been indicated Joko Widodo administration rsquo s securitization of this issue. In light of Balzacq rsquo s theory of context in securitization, this research analyzes the context which affects the securitization of IUU fishing in Indonesia. The methodology employed in this research is a content analysis of the speeches delivered by government officials, as well as editorials put forward by national media. In addition, it also looks at international IUU fishing regime rsquo s regulation. This research finds that the discourse on IUU fishing in domestic, international and regional IUU fishing regimes are the contexts which shape the frames of securitization by providing the source of textual and cultural meanings of IUU fishing for Indonesia."

"Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing sebagai bentuk ancaman kontemporer merupakan hasil dari perkembangan kajian keamanan internasional yang tidak lagi terfokus pada militer, tetapi juga dimensi lain yang saling terkait yakni militer, sosial, politik, ekonomi dan lingkungan. Maraknya praktik IUU Fishing memberikan dampak buruk yang siginifikan kepada negara-negara korban, seperti Indonesia dan Australia. Menjawab masalah ini, kedua negara menetapkan cara penangangan luar biasa extraordinary measure yang diimplementasikan melalui produk kebijakan dengan pendekatan yang berbeda. Indonesia menggunakan pendekatan law enforcement dengan kebijakan penenggelaman kapal sedangkan Australia lebih memilih untuk melakukan pendekatan diplomasi dan perundang-undangan. Teori sekuritisasi dari Barry Buzan dan metode perbandingan politik digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebagai fondasi analisa dan bertujuan untuk menghadirkan kajian keamanan melalui politik perbandingan. Analisa pada penelitian ini ditekankan pada besarnya peran aktor sekuritisasi dalam kebijakan kedua negara. Hasil temuan dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa kedua negara mampu mengimplementasikan produk kebijakannya dengan efektif yang dibuktikan dengan peningkatan pada sumber daya perikanan dan pengurangan praktik IUU Fishing.

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Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing IUU Fishing as a form of contemporary threat is the result of the development of international security studies that is no longer focused on military, but also other aspects such as social, politics, economy, and environment. The rise of IUU Fishing gives a significant negative impact towards the victim countries, such as Indonesia and Australia. Answering this problem, both countries define extraordinary measure which is implemented through policy products with different approaches. While Indonesia is using the law enforcement approaches, Australia, in the other hand, prefers to approach diplomacy and legislation. Barry Buzan's theory of securitization and political comparison methods is used in this research as a foundation of analysis and aims to present security studies through comparative politics. The analysis of this research emphasizes the role of actors of securitization in both countries'policy. The result of this research shows that both countries are able to implement their policy product effectively which is proved by the increasing of fisheries resources and the decreasing of IUU Fishing. "

"Tesis ini membahas tentang Siklus Hidup Norma anti-IUU Fishing di Indonesia. Praktik IUU Fishing membawa dampak negatif bagi perkembangan pengelolaan perikanan di Indonesia. Bentuk IUU Fishing tidak hanya dari aspek legal berupa pelanggaran kedaulatan, pemalsuan izin, melainkan juga bentuk kejahatan transnasional seperti perdagangan orang dan penyelundupan narkoba. Sebagai pemimpin regional, Indonesia mendorong negara di kawasan untuk menyadari ancaman dari aktivitas IUU Fishing. Akan tetapi, upaya bilateral dan multilateral tidak menghasilkan kesepakatan bersama karena perbedaan persepsi antarnegara di kawasan. Melalui uraian dari beberapa kasus IUU Fishing di perairan Indonesia, diperoleh penjelasan bagaimana norma anti-IUU Fishing berkembang. Melalui teori Siklus Hidup Norma, studi ini menguraikan tiga tahap perkembangan norma anti-IUU Fishing dan menunjukkan contoh keberhasilan Indonesia pada masa lalu ketika mendorong konsep negara kepulauan sehingga diakui oleh publik internasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jika norma anti-IUU Fishing sudah melewati ambang batas, namun mengalami stagnasi pada tahap penerimaan (norm cascade). Hal itu mengakibatkan norma anti-IUU Fishing mengalami gejala penerimaan sebagian (partial cascade) dan tidak dapat menyelesaikan akhir yaitu internalisasi. Tiga faktor yang menghambat perkembangan norma anti-IUU Fishing yaitu: karakter intrinsik norma, kedekatan norma baru dengan norma lama, dan konteks temporal global norma.

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This research discusses the norm life cycle of anti-IUU Fishing norms in Indonesia. IUU Fishing activities have brought negative effects on the development of sustainable fisheries management in Indonesia. Types and forms of IUU Fishing are not only harmful from the legal perspective such as violation of the sovereignty, licenses forging but also involves transnational organized crimes such as people smuggling and drug transactions. As a leader in the region, Indonesia promotes anti-IUU Fishing norms to its neighbors. Nonetheless, bilateral and multilateral arrangements have failed to be seen as a solution as the diverse perception over IUU Fishing practices among ASEAN countries are considerably significant.

Discussions over several notable IUU Fishing cases and the response from Indonesia will be analyzed to demonstrate the emergence of anti-IUU Fishing norms and its development in Indonesia. By virtue of Norm Life-Cycle Theory, this study outlines three stages of the anti-IUU Fishing norm’s evolution and presents an example of Indonesia’s successful campaign in the past when promoting the concept of archipelagic country up until the efforts received international recognition. The research finds that anti-IUU Fishing norms was able to reach its tipping point. Nonetheless, it fails to conclude the second phase, Norm Cascades, which hinders its progress to the ultimate stage, internalization. Based on the norm life-cycle theory, this research argues that several factors halt the development of IUU Fishing norm: Intrinsic Character of Norms, Adjacency Claim to Previous or Existing Norms, and World Time Context."

"Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing (IUU Fishing) adalah salah satu masalah dalam Hukum Internasional yang telah lama menjadi perhatian masyarakat internasional. Sebenarnya tindakan penangkapan ikan secara ilegal telah sering dilakukan sejak awal abad ke-19. Saat itu belum ada regulasi internasional mengenai laut dan sumber daya alam yang terkandung di dalamnya. Tiap negara mempunyai regulasi masing-masing untuk mengatur wilayah lautnya. Hal ini menyebabkan terjadinya konflik dalam penguasaan laut, terutama bagi negara-negara yang sangat bergantung dari industri pengolahan sumber daya laut. Baru pada tahun 1982, ketika UNCLOS terbentuk, masyarakat internasional mempunyai suatu aturan yang bersifat komprehensif mengenai hukum laut. Namun kehadiran UNCLOS 1982, tidak serta merta menyelesaikan masalah penangkapan ikan secara ilegal. Muncullah penangkapan ikan yang tidak dilaporkan (unreported) dan yang tidak sesuai dengan peraturan (unregulated), yang kemudian melengkapi istilah IUU Fishing. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu kajian yang mendalam mengenai IUU Fishing dan bagaimana pengaturannya dalam hukum internasional, dan bagaimana implikasinya bagi Indonesia karena Indonesia adalah salah satu negara yang memiliki potensi perikanan paling besar dan merupakan salah satu negara yang paling banyak dirugikan oleh kegiatan IUU Fishing."

"The increasing awareness of the importance of competition brings about the introduction for such a regulation at the national level and this is witnessed by the enactment of the Malaysian Competition Act 2010. The passing of a general competition law like the Competition Act 2010 will definitely have an impact on sectoral laws like the provisions in the Economic Regulation of the CMA 1998. Normally general competition law prevail over sector-specific law that regulates competition unless exemption to such laws is done which even if given, will have to be lifted at some time and the trend in the develop- ment in this area of law also supports this. Therefore, the integration of sector-specific competition laws into the general competition law will have to be made."

"ABSTRAKIllegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) fishing activities have been widely known as a threat to marine living resources. The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) has adopted its advisory opinion on the responsibility and the possible liability of the flag States who committed IUU fishing activities in an area under the jurisdiction of the Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission (SRFC). Other than the Opinion, many international scholars and legal instruments have arisen the same concern, however, the primary source on the Law of the Sea, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is silent in this matter. The issue is very relevant with the current case that encountered by the Indonesian Government with regard to the Chinese-flagged fishing boat, namely Kway Fey 10078, that had been suspected to conduct IUU fishing activities in the Indonesian exclusive economic zone (EEZ). In this particular case, the Chinese coast guard ship assisted the Kway Fey to escape from Indonesian jurisdiction by ramming into Kway Fey 10078. In consequence, the Indonesian Government cannot enforce its jurisdiction upon Kway Fey and the Chinese Government requested Indonesia to release eight Chinese nationals who are detained. This reaction shall question on how international provide legal solutions on how to effectively deal with IUU fishing activities."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang IUU-Fishing yang secara langsung merupakan ancaman bagi pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan yang bertanggung jawab dan menghambat pengembangan perikanan tangkap yang berkelanjutan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui mekanisme penanganan IUU-Fishing di Laut Arafura, mengkaji faktor faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kegiatan IUU-Fishing, dan menyusun strategi kebijakan penanggulangannya yang dapat dilakukan oleh Dinas Perikanan dan Kelautan Propinsi Papua. Hasil identifikasi kegiatan pelanggaran penangkapan ikan yang ditemui terjadi di Laut Arafura yaitu : kegiatan illegal fishing antara lain: kapal-kapal penangkap ikan tidak dilengkapi dengan Surat Izin Penangkapan Ikan (SIUP) dan Surat Penangkapn Ikan(SIPI), kapal-kapal ikan tidak melakukan ketentuan yang tertera dalam SIUP atau SIPI (jenis dan ukuran alat tangkap yang tidak sesuai, pelanggaran fishing ground), kapal tidak dilengkapi dengan Vessel Monitoring system (VMS.), dan Kegiatan pair trawl. Jenis kegiatan unreported fishing yang terjadi yaitu nelayan melakukan pembongkaran dan penjualan ikan (transhipment) di tengah laut.

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This thesis discusses the IUU-fishing that is a direct threat to the management of fish resources which is liable and inhibits the development of sustainable fisheries. The purpose of this thesis is to determine the mechanism of controlling IUU-fishing in the Arafura Sea, examines the factors that influence the IUU-Fishing activity, and devise strategies to overcome policies that can be done by the Department of Fisheries and Marine in Papua Province.

The identification results of violations of fishing activities encountered in the Arafura Sea: illegal fishing activities which includes: fishing vessels not equipped with a Fishing License (Business License) and Letter of Fishing (SIPI), fishing vessels activities are incompliance with the provisions listed in the Business License or SIPI (the type and size of fishing gears that which are incompliance with the fishing ground), ships unequipped with a vessel Monitoring system (VMS.), and pair trawling activities. This type of unreported fishing activities that occurs is that fisherman conduct demolition and fish selling (transshipment) in the middle of the sea."

"Besarnya potensi perikanan Indonesia tidak diimbangi dengan pendapatan yang diperoleh negara akibat kegiatan IUU fisjing. IUU fishing memberikan dampak pada lingkungan, ekomini, maupun sosial. Pengawasan kegiatan IUU fishing di Indonesia dilakukan oleh Kementeria Kelautan dan Perikanan. Sistem pengawasan kegiatan IUU fishing di Indonesia dibagi menjadi empat yaitu pengawasan before fishing, while fishing, during landing, dan post landing. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengawasan yang diakukan oleh Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan bekerja sama dengan BAKAMLA, POLAIR, dan TNI AL. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai bagaimana sistem pengawasan kegiatan IUU fishing yang dilakukan oleh Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Hasil skripsi ini menggambarkan bagaimana pengawasan yang dilakukan pada saat before fishing, while fishing, during landing, dan post landing.

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Indonesia have great potential of fisheries, but Indonesia get low income from fisheries cause IUU fishing. Activities of illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing give negative impact to environment, economy, and social. Controlling of IUU fishing in Indonesia is countered by Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. Controlling system of IUU fishing in Indonesia devide into controlling of before fishing, while fishing, during landing, and post landing. Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries make cooperation with BAKAMLA, POLAIR, and TNI AL in controlling of IUU fishing in Indonesia. This research use qualitative research metode with descriptive analysis. The research result describe about controlling in before fishing, while fishing, during landing, dan post landing."