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"Penelitian ini membahas komponen makna kata bahasa Korea yang memiliki relasi makna ‘melepas’. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komponen makna umum dan komponen makna pembeda dari kata beotda (벗다), pulda (풀다), tteda (떼다), dan kkeureuda (끄르다). Rumusan masalah yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah apa saja komponen makna umum dan komponen makna pembeda dari kata beotda, pulda, tteda, dan kkeureuda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif-deskriptif. Prosedur dalam penelitian ini menggunakan langkah-langkah penelitian komponen makna yang dikemukakan oleh Parera (2004). Sumber data makna dan contoh yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari Gungnipgugeowon Pyojungugeosajeon (국립국어원 표준국어사전) atau Kamus Standar Bahasa Korea Institut Nasional Bahasa Korea. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari keempat kata yang dianalisis terdapat 1 komponen makna umum dan 14 komponen makna pembeda, yaitu komponen makna yang dapat menunjukkan perbedaan makna dari kata-kata yang berada pada domain yang sama. Klasifikasi komponen makna pembeda dalam penelitian ini berdasarkan pada ciri-ciri objek sebanyak 8 komponen makna, bentuk objek sebanyak 5 komponen makna, dan subjek selain manusia sebanyak 1 komponen makna.

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This research discusses the meaning components of Korean words which related to ‘took off’ meaning. This research aims to analyze the common and diagnostic meaning components within the words of beotda (벗다), pulda (풀다), tteda (떼다), dan kkeureuda (끄르다). This research’s problem formulation goes with what are the common meaning component and diagnostic meaning components from beotda, pulda, tteda, and kkeureuda. This research will be elaborated with a qualitative-descriptive method. The procedure in this research uses the steps of the meaning component research proposed by Parera (2004). The sources of meaning data and examples discussed in this study were obtained from Gungnipgugeowon Pyojungugeosajeon (국립국어원 표준국어사전) or the Standards Korean Language Dictionary of the National Institute of Korean Language. The result of this research indicates 1 common meaning component and 14 diagnosric meaning components were founded from those four words, those are the meaning component that can show the different meanings of words that are in the same domain. The meaning component classification in this research is based on 8 meaning components of object characteristics, 6 meaning components of the object type, and 1 meaning component of the probable non-human subject."

"Proses afiksasi ?r (儿) merupakan proses penambahan akhiran ?r (儿) pada bahasa Mandarin yang menimbulkan beberapa perubahan terhadap kata yang telah dibentuknya, perubahan tersebut yaitu perubahan lafal, perubahan kelas kata dan perubahan makna kata. Makalah ini akan fokus pada pengaruh proses afiksasi ?r (儿) terhadap kelas kata dan makna kata. Penulisan makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh proses afiksasi ?r (儿) terhadap kelas kata dan makna kata pada kata yang telah dibentuknya. Pada makalah ini, analisis menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan yakni dengan menggunakan bahan-bahan pustaka seperti buku, skripsi, kamus dan artikel internet. Analisis dilakukan dengan mengklasifikasi sumber data tulisan berupa kata kompleks berimbuhan ?r (儿) yang telah dikumpulkan dari buku ajar bahasa Mandarin yang digunakan di Universitas Indonesia yaitu buku ajar bahasa Mandarin Hanyu Jiaocheng 汉语教程 terbitan tahun 1999 jilid pertama hingga jilid ketiga. Data tersebut diklasifikasi berdasarkan kelas kata dan makna kata dasarnya. Setelah itu diklasifikasikan kembali berdasarkan ada tidaknya perubahan kelas kata dan atau perubahan makna kata pada kata kompleksnya. Analisis ini dilakukan hingga mendapatkan kesimpulan bahwa afiksasi ?r (儿) dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap kelas kata dan makna kata dalam bahasa Mandarin.

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The ?r (儿) affixation process in Mandarin is the process of suffix ?r (儿) addition which causes some changes towards the word that has been formed. Those changes are the change of pronunciation, word class and meaning. This journal will focus on analysing the case of the effect of the ?r (儿) affixation to the word class and meaning. This journal writing is aimed to know the effect of ?r (儿) affixation process which causes some changes towards the word class and meaning of the words that has been formed. In this journal, analyses based on library research methodology that uses library sources such as books, thesis, dictionary and internet articles. Analyses is done by classifying written data sources which are complex word with the suffix ?r (儿) that are compiled from Hanyu Jiaocheng 汉语教程 Mandarin textbook volume 1 ? 3 published in 1999 which is used as the main Mandarin textbook in University of Indonesia. Those written data sources are classified based on their basic word‟s word classes and meanings, then they are re-classified based on whether there are changes on their complex word‟s word class or changes on their complex word‟s meaning. Analyses has been reached the conclusion that prove ?r (儿) affixation can effect the word class and meaning in Mandarin."

"[Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara posisi gigi insisif pertama rahang atas dan freeway space pada pemakai gigi tiruan lengkap (GTL) dengan waktu adaptasi fonetik berdasarkan Baku Emas Palatogram Konsonan Linguo-Palatal Bahasa Indonesia, khususnya huruf ?s? dan ?z?. Desain penelitian kuasi-eksperimental dengan subjek terdiri dari 35 pemakai GTL. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan bermakna antara posisi gigi insisif pertama rahang atas dan waktu adaptasi fonetik huruf ?s? dan ?z?, namun tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara freeway space dan waktu adaptasi fonetik.;The objective of this study is to analyze relationship between position of upper first incisive and freeway space of the complete denture wearers with the phonetic adaptation time, based on the gold standard of Indonesian linguo-palatal consonant palatogram, in order to be able to pronounce linguo-palatal consonant, especially ?s? and ?z? sound. This research is quasi-expertiment study, consist of 35 subject of complete denture wearers. The result of this study is that the position of the upper first incisive affecting the phonetic adaptation of complete denture wearer especially ?s? and ?z? sound. Nontheless, no significant relationship between freeway space and phonetic adaptation time.;The objective of this study is to analyze relationship between position of upper first incisive and freeway space of the complete denture wearers with the phonetic adaptation time, based on the gold standard of Indonesian linguo-palatal consonant palatogram, in order to be able to pronounce linguo-palatal consonant, especially ?s? and ?z? sound. This research is quasi-expertiment study, consist of 35 subject of complete denture wearers. The result of this study is that the position of the upper first incisive affecting the phonetic adaptation of complete denture wearer especially ?s? and ?z? sound. Nontheless, no significant relationship between freeway space and phonetic adaptation time.;The objective of this study is to analyze relationship between position of upper first incisive and freeway space of the complete denture wearers with the phonetic adaptation time, based on the gold standard of Indonesian linguo-palatal consonant palatogram, in order to be able to pronounce linguo-palatal consonant, especially ?s? and ?z? sound. This research is quasi-expertiment study, consist of 35 subject of complete denture wearers. The result of this study is that the position of the upper first incisive affecting the phonetic adaptation of complete denture wearer especially ?s? and ?z? sound. Nontheless, no significant relationship between freeway space and phonetic adaptation time., The objective of this study is to analyze relationship between position of upper first incisive and freeway space of the complete denture wearers with the phonetic adaptation time, based on the gold standard of Indonesian linguo-palatal consonant palatogram, in order to be able to pronounce linguo-palatal consonant, especially ‘s’ and ‘z’ sound. This research is quasi-expertiment study, consist of 35 subject of complete denture wearers. The result of this study is that the position of the upper first incisive affecting the phonetic adaptation of complete denture wearer especially ‘s’ and ‘z’ sound. Nontheless, no significant relationship between freeway space and phonetic adaptation time.]"

"ABSTRAK"

"Interferensi fonologis sangat mungkin terjadi pada proses pemelajaran bahasa asing karena adanya kontak antara dua bahasa dan menyebabkan akan sering ditemukan mencampuradukkan sistem bahasa antara sistem bahasa ibu pemelajar dan bahasa asing yang sedang dipelajari. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai penyimpangan bunyi yang disebabkan oleh interferensi bahasa yang terjadi pada pemelajar pemula bahasa Prancis di dua lembaga kursus berbeda di Indonesia, yaitu Institut Français d'Indonésie (IFI) dan Lembaga Bahasa Internasional (LBI). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan sumber data dari rekaman pengucapan 28 kata yang diambil secara acak dari buku Tendances A1 (2016) dan Génération A1 (2016) yang merupakan buku ajar para subjek penelitian: 10 pemelajar dari masing-masing lembaga. Dari 28 kata yang diberikan, subjek penelitian diminta masing-masing membuat 28 kalimat, yang kemudian selanjutnya mereka bacakan dan direkam. Hasil analisis berdasarkan teori Weinreich (2010) menunjukkan bahwa interferensi terjadi di semua subjek penelitian dengan jenis interferensi terbanyak adalah substitusi fonem Prancis dengan fonem bahasa Indonesia karena pengaruh kebiasaan membaca sesuai dengan tulisan atau pengaruh bahasa Inggris. Hal ini mendukung temuan beberapa penelitian terdahulu mengenai pengaruh cara pembacaan tulisan bahasa Indonesia, pengaruh bahasa nasional dan atau bahasa kedua. Kesalahan realisasi bunyi juga dilakukan karena para subjek penelitian kurang berlatih dan kurang perhatian sehingga mereka tidak menyadari bahwa perbedaan realisasi bunyi ketika melafalkan sebuah kata dalam bahasa Prancis dapat mengubah arti. Pemilihan buku ajar, kurangnya jam belajar, pengajaran daring, dan penggunaan bahasa Indonesia oleh pengajar memengaruhi interferensi pemelajar dari dua lembaga tersebut.

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Phonological interference is very likely to happen in the process of learning a foreign language. This occurs because there is contact between the two languages which confuses the language system between the learners' mother tongue and the foreign language being studied. This study discusses sound distortion caused by language interference that occurs in French beginner learners at two different course institutions in Indonesia, namely Institute Français d'Indonésie (IFI) and Lembaga Bahasa Internasional (LBI). The research method used is a qualitative method with data sources from the recorded pronunciation of 28 words taken randomly from Tendances A1 (2016) and Génération A1 (2016) which are textbooks for research subjects: 10 students from each institution. Of the 28 words given, each of the research subjects was asked to make 28 sentences, which they then read and recorded. The results of the analysis based on Weinreich's (2010) theory show that interference occurs in all research subjects with the most type of interference is the substitution of French phonemes with Indonesian phonemes due to the influence of reading habits by written or English influences. This supports the findings of several previous studies regarding the influence of how Indonesian is read, the influence of national and/or second languages. Sound realization errors were also made because the research subjects lacked practice and lack of attention so they did not realize that differences in sound realization when pronouncing a word in French could change the meaning. Textbook selection, lack of study hours, online teaching, and the use of Indonesian by teachers affect student interference from the two institutions."

"Meokta (먹다) merupakan verba yang dipelajari dalam bahasa Korea tingkat dasardengan frekuensi tingkat penggunaan yang tinggi. Verba ini memiliki makna leksikal‘makan’ atau ‘makan dengan memasukkan objek padat ke dalam tubuh melalui mulut’dan berbagai makna turunan lainnya. Penelitian ini membahas tentang makna polisemiverba meokta (먹다) dalam bahasa Korea. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmendeskripsikan variasi makna polisemi verba meokta (먹다) dalam bahasa Korea.Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode studi pustaka denganpendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa verba meokta(먹다) sebagai polisemi memiliki berbagai makna yang dimotivasi oleh kedekatanruang, kedekatan sebab akibat, dan kesamaan sifat. Variasi makna dasar meokta (먹다),yaitu ‘makan’, ‘mengunyah’, dan ‘minum’. Sementara itu, variasi makna turunanmeokta (먹다) berdasarkan kedekatan ruang, yaitu ‘menghirup’, ‘makan (subjekhewan)’, dan ‘menyerap (subjek tumbuhan)’. Berikutnya, makna turunan meokta (먹다)berdasarkan kedekatan sebab akibat, yaitu ‘mendapatkan hal positif atau negatif’,‘mendapatkan pengalaman’, dan ‘kehilangan benda konkret atau abstrak’. Terakhir,makna turunan meokta (먹다) berdasarkan kesamaan sifat, yaitu ‘dimakan’, ‘dipotong’,‘diserap’, dan ‘ditempel’.

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Meokta (먹다) is a verb learned in elementary level Korean with a high frequency of

usage. It has a lexical meaning of ‘to eat’ or ‘to eat by taking a solid object into the

body through the mouth’ and various other derived meanings. This research discusses

the polysemy meaning of the verb meokta (먹다) in Korean. This research aims to

describe the variation of polysemy meaning of the verb meokta (먹다) in Korean. The

method used to analyze the data in this research is the library research method with a

descriptive qualitative approach. The results show that the verb meokta (먹다) as a

polysemy has various meanings motivated by spatial contiguity, causal contiguity, and

characteristics similarity. The variations of the basic meaning of meokta (먹다) are

‘eating’, ‘chewing’, and ‘drinking’. On the other side, meokta (먹다) derivative

meaning variations based on spatial contiguity are ‘inhale’, ‘eat (animal subject)’, and

‘absorb (plant subject)’. Also, meokta (먹다) derivative meanings based on causal

contiguity are ‘getting positive or negative things’, ‘getting experience’, and ‘losing

concrete or abstract objects’. Lastly, meokta (먹다) derivative meanings based on

characteristics similarity are ‘eaten’, ‘cut’, ‘absorbed’, and ‘pasted’."

"Penelitian ini mengkaji komponen makna verba bahasa Korea yang memiliki relasi makna ‘memakai’. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan perbedaan makna enam verba bahasa Korea yang memiliki relasi makna ‘memakai’, yakni verba sseuda, sayonghada, iyonghada, chakyonghada, ibta, dan sinta berdasarkan komponen maknanya. Penelitian ini dirancang untuk menjawab dua pertanyaan penelitian, yaitu bagaimana makna konseptual keenam verba tersebut dan bagaimana perbedaan makna keenam verba yang menjadi objek penelitian ini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis. Analisis komponen makna digunakan untuk mencari tahu perbedaan keenam objek penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: pertama, keenam verba memiliki makna konseptual yang sama dari tiga kamus yang digunakan sebagai data primer. Kedua, perbedaan keenam verba ini dibagi ke dalam 4 kategori komponen maknanya, yakni objek yang diikuti oleh verba, tujuan pemakaian, posisi objek, dan asal kata. Terdapat 1 komponen umum dan 13 komponen pembeda dari keenam verba yang dianalisis.

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This research examines componential meaning of Korean verb which have the semantic relation of ‘to use’. The purpose of this research is to describe the difference in meaning of the six Korean verbs that have semantic relation of ‘to use’ based on the componential meaning, namely sseuda, sayonghada, iyonghada, chakyonghada, ibta, and sinta. This research aims to answer two questions, which are how is the conceptual meaning of the six verbs and how is the meaning differences between the six verbs which are the object of this research. This research is a qualitative research which uses a descriptive analysis method. Componential analysis of meaning is used to find out the difference between those six research objects. This research concludes that the six verbs have the same conceptual meaning with three different dictionaries used as a primary data. Furthermore, the differences between those six verbs differ based on the categories, which are the object that followed by the verb, the purpose of the usage, the position of the object, and the origin of the word. In this research, there is 1 common component and 11 diagnostic components from the analyzed six verbs."

"Penelitian ini mengkaji komponen makna verba bahasa Korea yang memiliki relasi makna ‘memakai’. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan perbedaan makna enam verba bahasa Korea yang memiliki relasi makna ‘memakai’, yakni verba sseuda, sayonghada, iyonghada, chakyonghada, ibta, dan sinta berdasarkan komponen maknanya. Penelitian ini dirancang untuk menjawab dua pertanyaan penelitian, yaitu bagaimana makna konseptual keenam verba tersebut dan bagaimana perbedaan makna keenam verba yang menjadi objek penelitian ini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis. Analisis komponen makna digunakan untuk mencari tahu perbedaan keenam objek penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: pertama, keenam verba memiliki makna konseptual yang sama dari tiga kamus yang digunakan sebagai data primer. Kedua, perbedaan keenam verba ini dibagi ke dalam 4 kategori komponen maknanya, yakni objek yang diikuti oleh verba, tujuan pemakaian, posisi objek, dan asal kata. Terdapat 1 komponen umum dan 13 komponen pembeda dari keenam verba yang dianalisis.

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This research examines componential meaning of Korean verb which have the semantic relation of ‘to use’. The purpose of this research is to describe the difference in meaning of the six Korean verbs that have semantic relation of ‘to use’ based on the componential meaning, namely sseuda, sayonghada, iyonghada, chakyonghada, ibta, and sinta. This research aims to answer two questions, which are how is the conceptual meaning of the six verbs and how is the meaning differences between the six verbs which are the object of this research. This research is a qualitative research which uses a descriptive analysis method. Componential analysis of meaning is used to find out the difference between those six research objects. This research concludes that the six verbs have the same conceptual meaning with three different dictionaries used as a primary data. Furthermore, the differences between those six verbs differ based on the categories, which are the object that followed by the verb, the purpose of the usage, the position of the object, and the origin of the word. In this research, there is 1 common component and 11 diagnostic components from the analyzed six verbs."