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"In a number of developed countries, tax incentives for universities have improved the quantity and quality of graduates; in the long run, recapture tax potential losses have grown due to workforces with high levels of income. Therefore it is essential to review policies on state levies in Indonesia, since only 4% of the total national workforce have university-level education. The research maps and evaluates various forms of tax incentives for education under various tax regimes. Data is gathered through documentation study, extensive interviews, and focused group discussions. The policies are evaluated using the six policy criteria proposed by Dunn (2003). Research shows that there are many types of state levies for education, both in the form of taxes and non-tax state revenue (PNBP). In general, current policies for income tax (PPh) incentives are more progressive compared to those of previous tax regimes, although other tax incentive policies still face many limitations. Furthermore, tax incentives for higher education have not fully met the requirements for effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness and appropriateness. It is our hope that findings from this research will serve as recommendations for policymakers in refining policies on tax incentives for higher education."

"There has been no research that particularly and comprehensively analyzes state levies policy on fishery sector in Indonesia, although this is very important. The minapolitan (fisheries cities) program will support food sovereignty, at the same time functions as economic growth center in the regions. High state levies will impede fishery sector productivity, however on the other side, there must be state protection to maintain environmental sustainability and prevent excessive exploitations of natural resources. The state must also keep fishery product ruling in its own country by protecting it from the invasion of fishery product imports. Therefore state levies must be put in a balance position between budgetair (source of state finance) and regulerend (tools to manage state policy in the economic and social field) functions. Another newness offered by this research is the development of ?the cost of taxation? concept into ?the cost of state levies? concept. The development is grounded by an analysis that Non-Tax State Revenue (PNBP) has similar characteristics with taxation. In addition, the various state levies eventually cause compliance costs, in the form of direct money cost, time cost as well as psychological cost.

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Abstrak. Belum ada penelitian yang secara khusus dan komprehensif menganalisis kebijakan pungutan negara atas sektor perikanan di Indonesia. Padahal, hal ini sangat penting karena program minapolitan akan mendukung kedaulatan pangan, sekaligus sebagai growth economic center di daerah. Biaya pungutan negara yang tinggi akan mendistorsi produktivitas sektor perikanan, namun di sisi lainnya, harus ada proteksi negara untuk melindungi kelestarian lingkungan serta menghindari eksploitasi sumber daya alam yang berlebihan. Negara juga harus menjadikan produk perikanan berdaulat di negara sendiri dengan menjaga serbuan impor produk-produk perikanan. Karena itulah, kebijakan pungutan negara harus ditempatkan dalam posisi yang selaras antara fungsi budgetair dan regulerend. Kebaharuan lain dari penelitian ini adalah pengembangan konsepsi cost of taxation menjadi cost of state levies yang dilatari analisis bahwa terdapat Penerimaan Negara Bukan pajak (PNBP) yang menyerupai karakteristik pajak. Selain itu, beragamnya pungutan negara pada akhirnya juga akan menimbulkan compliance cost, baik dalam bentuk direct money cost, time cost maupun psycological cost."

"Entrepreneurship has an impact on the economic development in a country and encourages entrepreneurship education at the university level. The current research illustrates the model of entrepreneurship education applied in universities. This research uses the post-positivism approach dominated by description of qualitative analysis. The data is gathered through extensive interviews and literature research at five universities in Indonesia: Universitas Indonesia, Sekolah Tinggi Prasetiya Mulya, Universitas Ciputra, Universitas Bina Nusantara, and Universitas Trisakti (for its Master?s Degree Program in Management for Corporate Social Responsibility and Community Entrepreneurship). These universities are selected due to the unique entrepreneurship education models integrated into their vision and mission. In addition, the current research includes reviews of the entrepreneurship education models in National University of Singapore dan University Kebangsaan Malaysia. The results show that the entrepreneurship education model applied at each university has unique added values and local wisdom in accordance with each university?s vision, mission, and objectives. It is our hope that the current research may serve as a contribution for policymakers in choosing the entrepreneurship education model that best complies with the university?s vision and mission as well as with the requirements of the academia."

"Abstract. Analyzing the root of conflict in the practice of decentralization and transfer of authority from the State to Nagari, it turns out that Nagari has been ?framed? by the State (provincial and district government) to perform its tasks regardless of the original culture and characteristics of the local community as is stated in Law No. 32 of 2004 concerning the Local Government. Nagari in West Sumatera is still a matter to be discussed, with elaborative variables of social stratification and model of kinship and the notably diverse political system (kelarasan koto piliang and bodi chaniago) enriching Nagari with analysis of its democratic transition history, model of participation and model of intervention by the State along the time."

"lndependent state auxiliaries agencies status, may it be as lembaga (state institution), badan (state auxiliary body), or komisi (state commission) on its applications has long been a major problem, especially afar amendment of 1945 Constitution it should be clear whether it is an auxiliary or main institution, and its independency as well that mentioned in the scope of constitution. In constitutional and administrative law reform need to put emphasis on the solution focused that must be viewed as achievable and clarity by constitutional and administrative lawyers. This article focuses on the arising problems regarding position and categorization of state auxiliary or main institution, which have been interpreted roughly within the scope of interpretation of l 945 Constitution (amendment)."

"Skripsi ini menganalisis peran Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan dalam melakukan Evaluasi Akuntabilitas Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah dengan cara memaparkan peran Inspektorat Jenderal dalam akuntabilitas kinerja, peran Itjen dalam Evaluasi atas penyusunan LAKIP dan manfaat evaluasi LAKIP tersebut. Hasil dari penelitian tersebut adalah bahwa peran Inspektorat Jenderal belum berperan secara efektif dalam akuntabilitas kinerja di Kemdikbud seperti yang dinyatakan dalam PP Nomor 60 Tahun 2008 tentang SPIP, itjen berperan untuk mempengaruhi nilai atas penyusunan LAKIP Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Dasar dan ternyata hasil evaluasi SAKIP dimanfaatkan oleh Ditjen Dikdas dan itu dilihat dari penyusunan LAKIP Ditjen Dikdas pada periode dua tahun berikutnya.

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The focus of this study about The role of General Inspectorate in Ministry of Education and Culture and its activity for evaluating Government performance accountability by explaining its role and its role when evaluating the performance's report of General Directorate of Pendidikan Dasar. The result of this study that General Inspectorate does not work effectively as stated on Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 60 Tahun 2008 about Government Internal Control, Its role in evaluating Government Accountability Performance?s Report General Directorate of Pendidikan Dasar has been quite effective and Evaluation of 2009 Government Performance Report' of General Directorate of Pendidikan Dasar' result has been used for its better Government Performance Report in 2011."

"Welfare state is the goal of KSBSI since its declaration on 25th April 1992. Unions which are members of the ITUC (International Trade Union Confederation) as the basic Social Democracy, their goal must either be welfare state or KSBSI. In other occasion, when Soekarno spoke before court in 1937, he stated that the goal of the proclamation the independence of Indonesia was to build a welfare state. In addition, when the founding fathers declared the 1945 Constitution, they placed welfare state as a state goal for the interest of the peoples. Without the implementation of a welfare state, the welfare of the peoples will never be realized."

"Program Bantuan Tunai Bersyarat BTB merupakan salah satu kebijakan yang paling populer dalam mengurangi kemiskinan. Selain tujuan utamanya untuk mengurangi kemiskinan, program ini juga sering diklaim memiliki dampak pada fertilitas seperti jarak kelahiran. Pada satu sisi program ini dapat meningkatkan jarak kelahiran karena peningkatan pengetahuan kesehatan reproduksi ibu. Di sisi lain, program ini mungkin memberi insentif bagi rumah tangga yang menerima kurang dari jumlah maksimal untuk mengurangi jarak kelahiran karena jumlah bantuan tunai didasarkan pada prasyarat mencakup kehamilan dan jumlah anak balita.Dengan menggunakan data dari program BTB Indonesia atau Program Keluarga Harapan PKH , kami ingin mengukur dampak program jangka pendek dan jangka panjang terhadap jarak kelahiran. Kami membangun sejarah kelahiran kepala keluarga perempuan dan pasangan dari informasi anggota keluarga kemudian mengelompokkannya menurut paritas jumlah kelahiran hidup untuk menangani autokorelasi.Hasil yang kami peroleh menunjukkan bahwa dalam jangka pendek dan panjang program PKH menurunkan jarak kelahiran khususnya untuk keluarga yang belum menerima bantuan yang maksimum. Ini berarti ada dampak negatif yang tidak diinginkan dari program terhadap fertilitas.

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Conditional Cash Transfer CCT program is one most popular policy approaches in the fight against poverty. In addition to its main goal of reducing poverty, this program is also often claimed to have impacts on fertility outcomes such as birth spacing. On one side, this program might increase the birth spacing due to improvement of mother rsquo s reproductive health knowledge. On the other side, this program might provide incentive for households who receive less than maximum amount of benefit to reduce birth spacing, since the amount of transfer is based on numbers of household preconditions that include pregnancy and number of small children.

Using the data from Indonesia CCT program or Program Keluarga Harapan PKH , we want to measure both short term and long term program impacts on the birth spacing. We constructed the birth histories of female household heads and spouses from households members information then stratified it by parity the number of live births to deal with autocorrelation.

Our results indicate that both in short term and long term the PKH program decreased the birth spacing especially for family who receive less than maximum benefit. This implies that there is a negative unintended impact of the program on fertility."