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"This article discusses various early sources on the Indonesian archipelago. Itstarts with the status of knowledge before the first voyage of the Portugueseto the Moluccas from accounts of travellers to insular Southeast Asia in theMiddle Ages and the picture on world maps European cartographers produced.Comparing that view with text sources and the resulting geographic material ofthe first expeditions by the Portuguese provides an insight into contemporarymechanisms of knowledge transfer. Certain effects can be traced and are repeatedon different levels of access to the original facts mainly because most maps weredrawn up in Europe but based on the geographic description provided by textaccounts. An abundance and multiplication of failures and mistakes is evidentand is partly related to the scarcity of sources and due to reproduction techniques."

"The extremely popular poetic form from Insular Southeast Asia, the pantun, travelled from its unknown source throughout the Malay Archipelago, first in Malay, then in the languages of Southeast Asia. In the ports and states where they were received, local colour, other idiosyncrasies, references, and linguistic characteristics have been added, and in fact, special forms with special names developed. This basic form is known, composed, and loved in at least 40 dialects of Malay, and 35 non-Malay languages, in the Peninsula and many of the islands of Malaysia and Indonesia. It spread through trade routes, ports, and also via diasporas and colonial economic projects which caused numerous peoples to move, who in turn brought the pantun along with them. It is now the most dynamic single literary form and has the longest history."

"This research aims at describing (1) the language use of border area societies (Insular Riau, West Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, North Sulawesi, and the Eastern Sunda Islands) in terms of local language (BD), Indonesian (BI), and foreign language (BA) in the domains of family, society, and occupation, (2) language activity of border area societies relating to news observation, language attention, and language constraints in mass media, (3) language attitude of border area societies towards BD, BI, and BA. The findings are as follows. First, within the family and society at large, BD is more frequently used than BI and BA. This shows that BD functions in non-formal situations. In the professional field, however, BI is more frequently used than BD. Second, people in border provinces widely observe mass media, whether printed or electronic. They also often pay attention to the language the mass media uses. Third, border societies have a positive attitude towards BD as is shown (agree/totally agree) by the answers to eight questions relating to BD. The language attitude of border societies towards BI is positive based on the answers (agree/totally agree) to seven questions concerning BI. This also means that BI is prestigious for border people, especially in formal communication. The language attitude of border societies towards BA is mixed. In as far as it is negative it implies a positive evaluation of BD and BI because people appreciate them as part of their local and national identities."

"Cities are places full of symbols. In the past decades, Indonesian cities havebecome the cradle of urban symbolism studies. In this article, the authorpresents the results of these studies. The cities researched differ tremendously,ranging from the national capital to provincial capitals and small towns; someof them, such as Jakarta, are purely colonial in origin, while others are more orless traditional in character. Some of them have a top-down symbolic structure,largely the product of government activities, while others have symbolicconfigurations which have a more grassroots character and are based in thereligious domain. The methodological aspect of urban symbolism fieldwork isexplored by the introduction of the concept of flâneur."

"Walaupun hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manfaat koreksi kesalahan padatulisan siswa bertentangan satu dengan yang lain, pengajar bahasa tidak dapatberhenti mengoreksi kesalahan-keslahan karena siswa sendiri menginginkanpengajar mengoreksi kesalahan-kesalahan mereka (Walz 1982). Masalahnyaadalah harapan siswa kerap kali berbeda dengan keyakinan pengajar tentangkoreksi kesalahan (Diab 2006). Kajian ini ingin mengetahui keinginan paramahasiswa dan pengajar di Universitas di Indonesia tentang koreksi kesalahantulisan mahasiswa. Sebuah kuesioner yang disusun berdasarkan kuesioneryang digunakan Leki (1991) dan kuesioner yang digunakan Diab (2006)digunakan untuk mengetahui keinginan pengajar dan mahasiswa tentangteknik koreksi dan keyakinan mereka tentang koreksi kesalahan tulisan yangeffektif. Kuesioner ini dibagikan kepada mahasiswa dan pengajar di Indonesia.Jawaban pengajar dibandingkan dengan jawaban mahasiswa. Bila pengajar danmahasiswa memahami tujuan dari teknik koreksi kesalahan tertentu dan setujudengan penggunaannya, koreksi kesalahan diyakini akan sangat bermanfaat.Berdasarkan hasil kajian ini, beberapa implikasi bagi pengajaran bahasa di kelasdibahas."

"Indonesia dan Belanda dikenal memiliki banyak keterkaitan karena adanya kontak secara terus-menerus pada masa lampau sehingga terdapat berbagai dampak dalam berbagai aspek. Salah satu aspek yang terdampak hingga saat ini adalah budaya, seperti pada restoran-restoran Belanda di Indonesia yang melakukan akulturasi budaya. Penelitian ini dibuat dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui upaya penyesuaian budaya dalam bentuk akulturasi apa yang telah dilakukan oleh Restoran H.E.M.A. TIS Square Tebet dan bagaimana respon dari para pengunjung terhadap akulturasi yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teori akulturasi oleh Redfield, Linton, dan Herskovits melalui pendekatan studi kasus yaitu mengumpulkan data dengan mengobservasi objek yang diteliti melalui wawancara dengan pemilik dan pengunjung restoran H.E.M.A. dan survei langsung ke restoran. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu Restoran H.E.M.A. TIS Square Tebet melakukan akulturasi dalam bentuk bahasa, makanan, pakaian, dan juga arsitektur bangunan sebagai upaya untuk menyesuaikan budaya Belanda di Indonesia. Upaya akulturasi budaya Belanda dan Indonesia yang dilakukan oleh Restoran H.E.M.A. ini berhasil menarik perhatian para pengunjung karena dapat menambah pengetahuan budaya Belanda dan Indonesia.

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Indonesia and the Netherlands are known to have many connections because there was continuous contact in the past so that there were various impacts in various aspects. One aspect that has been affected to this day is culture, as in Dutch restaurants in Indonesia which carry out cultural acculturation. This research was made with the aim of knowing what cultural adjustment efforts in the form of acculturation have been carried out by the H.E.M.A. Restaurant. TIS Square Tebet and how the response from visitors to the acculturation carried out. This study uses a qualitative method with the theory of acculturation by Redfield, Linton, and Herskovits through a case study approach, namely collecting data by observing the object under study through interviews with H.E.M.A. restaurant owners and visitors. then survey directly to the restaurant. The results of this study are the H.E.M.A. Restaurant. TIS Square Tebet acculturates in the form of language, food, clothing, and also building architecture as an effort to adapt Dutch culture in Indonesia. Efforts to acculturate Dutch and Indonesian culture carried out by the H.E.M.A. Restaurant This succeeded in attracting the attention of the visitors because it could increase knowledge of Dutch and Indonesian culture."

"Penelitian ini membahas kesepadanan penerjemahan tujuh teknik memasak bermuatan budaya dalam buku resep masakan Indonesia ke dalam bahasa Jerman. Teknik memasak tersebut yaitu, “ungkep”, “ulen”, “sangrai”, “bakar”, “kukus”, “tumis”, dan “suwir”. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori metode penerjemahan menurut Smith (1989), strategi penerjemahan menurut Baker (1992), pergeseran bentuk dan makna menurut Simatupang (2000) dan teori kesepadanan dinamis menurut Nida dan Taber (1964). Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa hanya empat terjemahan teknik memasak dinyatakan sepadan, yaitu “ulen”, “kukus”, “bakar” pada terjemahan variasi kedua, dan “tumis”. Hasil terjemahan teknik memasak yang dinyatakan kurang sepadan, yaitu “ungkep”, “sangrai”, “suwir”, “bakar” pada terjemahan variasi pertama, “bakar” pada terjemahan variasi ketiga, dan “bakar” pada terjemahan variasi keempat. Metode penerjemahan yang paling sering digunakan adalah metode equivalent term. Selain itu, strategi penerjemahan yang sering digunakan adalah strategi penerjemahan dengan menggunakan kata yang lebih umum. Hasil terjemahan tujuh teknik memasak tersebut juga menunjukkan pergeseran bentuk dan makna, di antaranya (1) pergeseran pada tataran semantik yaitu khusus ke umum dan umum ke khusus, (2) pada tataran sintaksis yaitu kata ke frasa, dan (3) perbedaan makna karena sudut pandang budaya.

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This research discusses the equivalence of translating seven cooking techniques that contain cultural elements in Indonesian cookbooks into German. The cooking techniques are “ungkep”, “ulen”, “sangrai”, “bakar”, “kukus”, “tumis”, and “suwir”. This research uses the theory of translation methods by Smith (1989), translation strategies by Baker (1992), shifts in form and meaning by Simatupang (2000) and dynamic equivalence theory by Nida and Taber (1964). The results of the analysis show that only four translations of cooking techniques are considered equivalent, namely “ulen”, “kukus”, “bakar” at the translation of the second variation, and “tumis”. The results of the translation of cooking techniques that are declared less commensurate, namely “ungkep”, “sangrai”, “suwir” , “bakar” at the translation of the first variation, “bakar” at the translation of the third variation, and “bakar” at the translation of the fourth variation. The most frequently used translation method is the equivalent term method. In addition, the translation strategy that is often used is the translation strategy using more general words. The translation results of the 7 cooking techniques also show a shift in form and meaning, including (1) a shift at the semantic level, namely specific to general and general to specific, (2) at the syntactic level, namely words to phrases, and (3) differences in meaning due to cultural point of view."