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"The objective of this book is to serve as a practical educational resource for clinical magnetic resonance imaging. The bulk of the text is organized along anatomic lines and discusses disease entities commonly encountered in clinical practice. The focus is illustrating and describing the MR appearances of the most commonly imaged disease entities, covering briefly in each area important points relative to imaging techniques then discussing in depth, the clinical MR interpretation. The breadth of clinical MRI is explored. For each subtopic within an anatomic region, clinical cases serve as the backbone for discussion, the most common pathologies affecting each anatomic region being illustrated. The final chapters discuss specifically contrast media and contrast enhanced MRA, two topics worthy of further description due to their present clinical importance. When relevant to diagnosis or essential for understanding, MR physics is discussed, however the reader is referred separately to Runge et al, The Physics of Clinical MR Taught Through Images 2nd Edition (New York: Thieme; 2009) for further elaboration. It is the goal that upon completing this text, the reader will have an appreciation for the complexity, utility, and versatility of MR in clinical imaging and will possess the knowledge essential for interpretation of basic clinical MR "

"This book describes the current status of the very rapidly developing field of high-field MR and examines the possibilities, challenges, and limitations of this fascinating technology. In the initial chapters, the basic technological background is explained in a non-technical way so as to promote understanding of the issues and concepts and avoid overwhelming the reader with excessive detail. Safety issues, methods, and contrast are then carefully considered. The final part of the book examines the diverse applications of high-field MR imaging in radiology, neuroscience, oncology, and other fields, with the aid of numerous high-quality illustrations. All chapters are written by leading experts who have taken great care to illustrate the potential and progress of the field in an informative and accessible manner. The book will appeal to all with a potential interest in the application of high-field MR imaging, including radiologists, neuroscientists, and oncologists."

"Recent advances in MR technology permit the application of diffusion MRI outside of the brain. In this book, the authors present cases drawn from daily clinical practice to illustrate the role of diffusion sequences, along with other morphological and functional MRI information, in the work-up of a variety of frequently encountered oncological and non-oncological diseases. Breast, musculoskeletal, whole-body, and other applications are covered in detail, with careful explanation of the pros and cons of diffusion MRI in each circumstance. Quantification and post-processing are discussed, and advice is provided on how to acquire state of the art images, and avoid artifacts, when using 1.5- and 3-T magnets. Applications likely to emerge in the near future, such as for screening, are also reviewed. The practical approach adopted by the authors, combined with the wealth of high-quality illustrations."

"Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) saat ini sedang banyak digunakan sebagai image guiding dalam perencanaan radiosurgery dan radioterapi. Modalitas pencitraan ini dapat menampilkan karakteristik fisis jaringan dengan detail luar biasa, terutama pada otak. Namun seperti yang telah diketahui, distorsi geometri terjadi pada citra MRI. Distorsi ini menimbulkan masalah di beberapa aplikasi MRI, salah satunya lokalisasi pada Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery (GKSRS). Oleh karena itu, pengukuran serta koreksi distorsi geometri pada citra MRI perlu dilaksanakan. Dalam penelitian ini, sebuah fantom desain khusus dikembangkan untuk mengukur tidak hanya distorsi geometri citra MRI, namun juga uniformitas dan resolusi spasial kontras tinggi. Penelitian menggunakan tiga variasi, meliputi variasi protokol pemindaian, frame, dan larutan pengisi. Protokol pemindaian yang digunakan adalah T1-Bravo dan T2-Fiesta. Fantom dengan dan tanpa Leksell stereotactic frame dipindai menggunakan 1,5 T MRI GE Optima MR450w. Fantom diisi dengan tiga variasi larutan yaitu aquades (H2O) serta CuSO4.5H2O dengan konsentrasi 2 mM dan 5 mM. Dari hasil analisis data penelitian dapat ditarik beberapa kesimpulan bahwa fantom desain khusus yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan untuk mengukur distorsi geometri, uniformitas, serta resolusi spasial kontras tinggi citra MRI. Citra MRI yang dihasilkan oleh protokol pemindaian T1-Bravo memiliki distorsi geometri dan resolusi spasial lebih rendah namun uniformitas lebih tinggi dibandingkan citra yang dihasilkan oleh protokol T2-Fiesta. Keberadaan Leksell stereotactic frame ketika proses pemindaian meningkatkan distorsi geometri dan mengurangi uniformitas citra. Selain itu, larutan yang paling sesuai digunakan sebagai pengisi fantom desain khusus adalah larutan CuSO4.5H2O dengan konsentrasi 5 mM.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is increasingly being used for purposes of radiosurgery and radiotherapy planning. This imaging modality can explore the physical properties of tissue with great details, especially for imaging of the brain. However, the geometric distortion is reasonably occurred and can make significant differences in certain MR application such as, for example, stereotactic localization in Gamma Knife. Therefore, the geometric distortion measurement and correction should be applied.

In this study, an MRI in-house phantom was developed to measure not only geometric distortion, but also uniformity and high contrast spatial resolution of MR image. This study used three variations, including scanning protocol, frame, and phantom filler. There were two scanning protocols applied in this study, they were T1-Bravo and T2-Fiesta. The phantom attached with Leksell stereotactic frame was scanned using 1.5 T MRI GE Healthcare. Phantom was filled with three kinds of solution, they were pure water (H2O), CuSO4.5H2O 2 mM and 5 mM solution.

The study results showed that the in-house or special design phantom can be used to measure geometric distortion, uniformity, and high contrast spatial resolution of MR image. T1-Bravo image had lower geometric distortion and spatial resolution but higher uniformity than T2-Fiesta. Leksell stereotactic frame can increase the magnitude of geometric distortion and decrease the uniformity of MR image. Moreover, the most suitable solution for phantom filler is CuSO4.5H2O 5 mM."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang analisis dari perancangan divais dioda tunnel dari bahan silikon yang dipabrikasikan dengan menggunakan teknologi planar. Pabrikasi divais disesuaikan dengan teknologi peralatan dan bahan yang tersedia pada Laboratorium Mikroelektronika Puslitbang TELKOKA LIPI Bandung sebagai tempat proses pembuatan. Dalam tesis ini dirancang 3 divais dioda tunnel, dengan berbagai konsetrasi impurity lapisan tipe n+, tetapi bentuk dan ukuran geometrinya sama. Ketiga rancangan tersebut disimulasikan dengan program perangkat lunak SPICES2B, MATLAB dan UIHKCAD untuk memperoleh kurva karakteristik I-V dan hubungan antara konsentrasi impurity bahan dengan unjuk kerja untuk sinyal kecil. Unjuk kerja tersebut meliputi figure of merit, daya maksimum dan efisiensi. Ketiga rancangan dipabrikasi menggunakan teknologi difusi planar, parameter proses yang dipakai dari basil simulasi program perangkat lunak SSUPREM. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan suatu karakteristik divais yang apabila konsentrasi impurity pada bahan tipe n+ (HD) dinaikkan, maka performasi dari dioda tunnel meningkat. Setelah dipabrikasi dan diukur, divais telah menunjukkan fenomena dioda tunnel."

"MRI Handbook presents a concise review of the physical principles underlying magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), explaining MR physics, patient positioning, and protocols in an easy-to-read format. The first five chapters of the book introduce the reader to the basics of MR imaging, including the relaxation concept, MR pulse sequences, and MR imaging parameters and options. The second part of the book (chapters 6-11) uses extensive illustrations, images, and protocol tables to explain tips and tricks to achieve optimal MR image quality while ensuring patient safety. Individual chapters are devoted to each major anatomic region, including the central nervous, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular systems. By using annotated MR images and examples of patient positions used during scanning correlated with sample protocols and parameters."

""The text is organized into concise chapters, each discussing an important point relevant to clinical MR and illustrated with images from routine patient exams. The topics covered encompass the breadth of the field, from imaging basics and pulse sequences to advanced topics including contrast-enhanced MR angiography, spectroscopy, perfusion, and advanced parallel imaging techniques. Discussion of the latest hardware and software innovations--for example, MR-PET, interventional MR, compressed sensing, and multishot EPI--is included because these topics are critical to current and future advances. Included in the third edition are a large number of new topics, keeping the text up-to-date in this increasingly complex field. The text has also been revised to include additional relevant clinical images, to improve the clarity of descriptions, and to increase the depth of content"--Provided by publisher."

"Pesawat angiografi rotasi 3 dimensi digunakan dalam radiologi intervensi, kardiologi intervensi dan bedah invasif minimal yang dapat memvisualisasikan pembuluh darah, dan mengevaluasi anatomi tubuh yang lebih rumit dengan dosis radiasi yang lebih besar dibandingkan generasi sebelumnya. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan perhitungan estimasi dosis radiasi yang masuk ke dalam tubuh pasien yang dibandingkan dengan dosis ambang yang dapat diterima. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan phantom rando jenis wanita di dua instalasi cathlab dengan jenis pesawat yang berbeda. Pengukuran dosis dilakukan dengan menggunakan TLD pada mata, tiroid, spinal cord, payudara dan gonad pada mode preset yang berbeda untuk kepala dan abdomen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada pesawat 1, dosis yang diterima untuk pengukuran kepala pada mode 5sDR Head berkisar antara 1,17 mGy-3,68 mGy dan pada mode 5sDR Head Care berkisar antara 0,58 mGy-1,15 mGy. Sedangkan untuk pengukuran abdomen pada mode 5sDR Body dosis yang diterima adalah berkisar antara 0,50 mGy-0,85 mGy dan pada mode 5sDR Body Care berkisar antara 0,55 mGy-0,79 mGy. Pada pesawat 2, dosis yang diterima untuk pengukuran kepala pada mode Carotid Prop Scan berkisar antara 2,20 mGy-3.71 mGy dan mode Carotid Roll Scan berkisar antara 2,02 mGy-4,59 mGy. Sedangkan dosis yang diterima untuk pengukuran abdomen pada mode Abdomen Prop Scan berkisar antara 0,44 mGy-2,34 mGy dan pada mode Abdomen Roll Scan berkisar antara 0,43 mGy-1,30 mGy. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah semua mode preset tidak memberikan dosis yang mendekati dosis ambang untuk setiap titik pengukuran.

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Three dimensional Rotational Angiography 3DRA is mostly used in interventional radiology, interventional cardiology, and minimal invansive surgery to visualize blood vessels, and more complicated anatomy with more visual capacity than the previous generation. The rotating nature of image acquisition with suspected high radiation dose requires dose estimation. This study was aimed to measure radiation dose in 3DRA and compare it to the thresholds for deterministic risks. Measurement using TLDs were carried out on female Rando phantom in two angiography suites with different device types, with the organ of interest being eyes, thyroid, spinal cord, breast and gonad. Different preset modes for head and abdomen were employed for comparison.

The result for device 1 showed that dose on 5sDR Head mode ranged from 1,17 mGy 3.68 mGy and in 5sDR Head Care mode ranged from 0,58 mGy 1,15 mGy while the measured dose on the body in 5sDR Body mode ranged from 0,50 mGy 0,85 mGy and in 5sDR Body Care mode ranged from 0,55 mGy 0.79 mGy. On device 2, the result showed the measured dose on the head in carotid prop scan mode ranged from 2,20 mGy 3.71 mGy and in carotid roll scan mode ranged from 2,02 mGy 4,59 mGy while the measured dose on the body in abdomen prop scan mode ranged from 0,44 mGy 2,34 mGy and in abdomen roll scan mode ranged from 0,43 mGy 1,30 mGy. The study presents that all preset modes do not deliver near threshold doses for each measurement point."

"Clinical cardiac MRI is a comprehensive textbook intended for everyone involved in magnetic resonance imaging of the heart. It is designed both as a useful guide for newcomers to the field and as an aid for those who routinely perform such studies. Providing theoretical background information, this illustrated volume examines imaging acquisition and potential pitfalls. It presents guidelines on the interpretation of clinical data in a range of cardiac pathology that can be encountered. In this second edition, the aim has been to maintain the same quality while incorporating the newest insights and developments in this rapidly evolving domain of medical imaging. Finally, the selection of 100 real-life cases, added as online material, will further enhance the value of this textbook."

"Pendekatan diagnostik untuk gangguan tendon supraspinatus melalui tes klinis sering kali gagal mengidentifikasi penyebab patologis spesifik dari nyeri bahu. Tes klinis saja tidak dapat memberikan diagnosis patoanatomi yang akurat, dan mengandalkan pencitraan juga terbatas karena tingginya kejadian patologi tanpa gejala. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi efektivitas pemeriksaan fisik yang dikombinasikan dengan injeksi lidokain untuk mendeteksi robekan penuh pada tendon supraspinatus, dengan MRI sebagai pembanding. Pasien dengan dugaan nyeri bahu yang terkait dengan tendon supraspinatus ikut serta dalam penelitian ini. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes klinis, diikuti dengan injeksi lidokain subakromial dan evaluasi ulang, yang hasilnya dikonfirmasi melalui MRI. Dari 78 pasien, dengan usia rata-rata 58 tahun, sebagian besar adalah wanita normoweight (76,9%) yang melaporkan nyeri sedang, terutama di sisi kanan yang dominan. Tes Hawkins-Kennedy dan empty can memiliki sensitivitas terbaik (0,76), sementara tes drop arm menunjukkan spesifisitas tertinggi (0,82) untuk mendeteksi robekan. Injeksi lidokain menurunkan sensitivitas namun meningkatkan spesifisitas pada semua tes fisik. Injeksi lidokain yang dipandu ultrasound meningkatkan akurasi pemeriksaan fisik dibandingkan dengan MRI dalam mengevaluasi robekan penuh tendon supraspinatus, sehingga meningkatkan ketepatan diagnostik untuk gangguan bahu yang umum ini.

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The diagnostic approach for supraspinatus tendon disorders through clinical tests often fails to pinpoint specific pathological causes of shoulder pain. Clinical tests alone cannot provide an accurate pathoanatomic diagnosis, and relying solely on imaging is limited by the high occurrence of asymptomatic pathology. This study evaluates the effectiveness of physical examination combined with lidocaine injection for detecting full-thickness tears in the supraspinatus tendon, using MRI as a comparison. Patients with suspected supraspinatus tendon-related shoulder pain participated. Data was gathered via clinical tests, followed by a subacromial lidocaine injection and subsequent reevaluation, with findings confirmed through MRI. Among the 78 patients, with an average age of 58, most were normoweight women (76.9%) reporting moderate pain, mainly on the right, dominant side. The Hawkins-Kennedy and empty can tests had the best sensitivity (0.76), while the drop arm test showed the highest specificity (0.82) for detecting tears. Lidocaine injection lowered sensitivity but raised specificity in all physical tests. Ultrasound-guided lidocaine injection improved the accuracy of physical examinations compared to MRI in evaluating full-thickness supraspinatus tendon tears, enhancing diagnostic precision for this common shoulder disorder."