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"ABSTRACTThis article discusses a number ofc ontemporary issues and challenge spertinent to the management of the dead in contemporary armed conflicts and other situations of violence and natural disasters under Islamic law and international humanitarian law. Among the issues and challenges faced by forensic specialists in Muslim contexts at present are collective burial, quick burial of dead bodies, exhumation of human remains, autopsy, burial at sea, and handling of the bodies by the opposite sex. The article concludes that both legal systems have developed rules which aim at the protection of the dignity and respect of dead bodies, and that they complement each other to achieve this protection in specific Muslim contexts. The main objectives of this article are twofold: firstly, to give an overview of the Islamic law position on these specific questions and challenges, in order to, secondly, provide some advice or insight into how forensic specialists can deal with them."

"Meningkatnya masalah krisis kemanusiaan tentunya mengiringi munculnya berbagai operasi kemanusiaan atau yang biasa disebut humanitarian action dimana bantuan-bantuan tersebut dianggap sebagai solusi untuk mengatasi masalah terkait kemanusiaan yang terjadi di banyak Negara. Humanitarian action ini melibatkan adanya humanitarian intervention dan juga humanitarian assistance. Humanitarian intervention dan juga humanitarian assistance merupakan dua konsep yang berbeda walaupun mereka berangkat dari tujuan yang sama. Terdapat beberapa perbedaan dari kedua konsep tersebut mulai dari bentuk keterlibatan, pihak yang dapat terlibat, dan status hukum pelaksanaan kedua konsep tersebut dalam keadaan konflik. Skripsi ini pada dasarnya membahas mengenai perbedaan dari kedua konsep tersebut dan penerapan dari humanitarian assistance dalam keadaan konflik. Mekanisme dari pelaksanaan humanitarian assistance seringkali ditemukan adanya hambatan-hambatan yang membawa pengaruh buruk bagi keberlangsungan korban-korban konflik. Sepatutnya bagi negara-negara penerima bantuan tidak menutup diri karena dapat memperparah keadaan krisis kemanusiaan. Oleh karena itu seharusnya negara-negara penerima bantuan memanfaatkan bantuan-bantuan yang diberikan oleh PBB melalui organ-organnya dan organisasi kemanusiaan lainnya, guna memberikan perlindungan kepada penduduk yang menjadi korban konflik yang terjadi.

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The rising humanitarian crisis made the emergence of various humanitarian operations or so called humanitarian action where the aid is considered as a solution to overcome the problems related to humanity that occurred in many countries. Humanitarian action involves humanitarian intervention and humanitarian assistance. Humanitarian intervention and humanitarian assistance are two different concepts even though they depart from the same goal. There are several differences between the two concepts ranging from the form of involvement, the parties involved, and the legal status of the implementation of the two concepts in a conflict country.

This study basically explains the differences between the two concepts and the application of humanitarian assistance in the conflict country. Mechanisms of the implementation of humanitarian assistance are often found to be obstacles that have a negative impact on the survival of conflict victims. As the humanitarian recipient countries, they should not close themselves because it can worsen the situation of the humanitarian crisis. Therefore, the recipient countries should use the assistance provided by the UN through their organs and other humanitarian organizations, to provide protection to the victims of the conflict. "

"Konsep intervensi kemanusiaan merujuk kembali kepada great debate dalam hubungan internasional antara idealisme dan realisme. Intervensi kemanusiaan menjadi sebuah konsep yang ditawarkan oleh perspektif idealisme sebagai sebuah tanggung jawab komunitas internasional untuk membantu pemenuhan hak hidup setiap individu di negara yang tidak mampu menjalankan fungsi perlindungan terhadap warga negaranya. Pelaksanaan intervensi yang melewati batasan jurisdiksi dan otoritas pemerintah negara berdaulat bertentangan dengan prinsip dasar kedaulatan dalam hubungan internasional. Pengaruh Great Powers dalam pelaksanaan intervensi kemanusiaan juga menimbulkan kritik dari realisme yang melihatnya sebagai sebuah politik kekuatan. Hal tersebut menarik perhatian penulis untuk mengkaji lebih lanjut mengenai perdebatan-perdebatan yang muncul dalam pembahasan mengenai intervensi kemanusiaan. Tulisan ini akan memberikan pembahasan mengenai perdebatan intervensi kemanusiaan dalam keterkaitannya dengan great debate dalam hubungan internasional, serta beberapa alternatif pemikiran ideal terkait perdebatan tersebut.

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The concept of humanitarian intervention referred back to the great debate ininternational relations between idealisme and realism. Idealism explained humanitarian intervention as a mechanism of responsibility of the international community to help every individual to meet their basic rights. International community have the obligation to help a nation which the government could not fulfilled their responsibility to protect the citizen. Despite its moral background, the practice of humanitarian intervention is breaking the rules of sovereignty and non-intervention in international relations. Critics from realism focus on the violation of sovereignty and domination of Great Powers in the implementation of the concept. The paper explored the concept of humanitarian intervention in its relations with great debate between idealism and realism in IR, along with some alternative perspectives around the debates."

"This is a concise and nuanced overview of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). The structure is unusual. While the book reflects the state of the law with accuracy and sobriety, it nevertheless shows the idealist and philosophical ambitions of the authors. Legal issues are often discussed within a wider moral and ethical context. The authors add many basics on human rights and the enforcement of international law, which are not directly relevant for IHL, but ensure the reader understands the wider picture. Marco Sass©øli, University of Geneva, Switzerland This book provides a clear and concise explanation of the central principles of international humanitarian law (or the law of armed conflict) while situating them in a broader philosophical, ethical and legal context. The authors consider a range of wider issues relevant to international humanitarian law, including its ethical foundations, relationship to other bodies of international law and contemporary modes of enforcement. This helps to develop a richer context for understanding the law of war and a sound basis for examining the changing nature of contemporary armed conflict. The book also discusses important recent decisions by international courts and tribunals, tracks the historical development of humanitarian principles in warfare and considers the legal position of states, individuals and non-state groups. Principles of International Humanitarian Law is an important resource for students of international humanitarian law and International law academics, as well as international humanitarian law practitioners.ContentsMachine generated contents note: 1.The concept of armed conflict2.Sources of international humanitarian law3.Means and methods of warfare4.Protection of civilians5.Protection of combatants hors de combat6.Humanitarianism and human rights7.Liability of states and non-state groups8.Liability of individuals."