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"This essay looks into the novels of two Indonesian women writers, Perempuan Kembang Jepun (Lan Fang 2009) and Dimsum terakhir (Clara Ng 2006), which depict the struggles of the major female characters in negotiating their ?hybrid? identities amidst the pulls from various opposing forces that try to impose and define their identities. Both works were published in the post-New Order Indonesia, where identity politics seems to dominate the political and cultural realms. Both Lan Fang and Clara Ng try to problematize the rigid and monolithic sense of cultural identity that had been inculcated by the previous regime through its aggressive assimilation policy and imposition of the state ideology of unity. The essay aims at examining different strategies employed by both authors in redefining identity through approaches that see identity as a fluid, non-essentialist, and on-going process rather than a given entity or label that can be simply inscribed on individuals."

"Indonesia is a plural society that consists of several hundred ethnic and sub-ethnic groups. One of its generic characteristics is heterogeneity. In the last ten years after the implementation of regional autonomy, we have witnessed the emergence of strong ethnic and religiously flavoured local identity politics in various places in Indonesia that created open and vicious conflicts. This periodical violence exploded especially during the election of district and provincial heads. The intimate relation multiculturalism, with the actual political praxis of everyday life as an alternative to the existing paradigm of the ?homogenization? of nationhood, has not been discussed. I believe it is time to discuss the strategic junctures between heterogeneity, politics of ethnicity (and religion) and multiculturalism as well as their possible realization at the local and national levels in order to find a viable framework for a future Indonesia."

"The number of different languages in Europe by far exceeds the number of countries. All European countries have national languages, and in nearly all of them there are minority languages as well, whereas all major languages have dialects. National borders rarely coincide with linguistic borders, but the latter (including dialect borders) mark by their nature also more or less distinct cultural areas. This paper presents a survey of the different language families represented in Europe: Indo-European, Uralic, Altaic, and the four Caucasian language families, each with their sub-branches and individual languages. Some information is given on characteristic structural phenomena and on the status and history of these languages or language families and on some of their extinct predecessors. The paper ends with a short discussion on the language policy and practices of the institutions of the European Union. Europe lacks a language with the status and power comparable to Indonesian in Indonesia. The policy is therefore based on equal status of all national languages and on respect for all languages, including national minority ones. The practice, however, is unavoidably practical: ?the more languages, the more English?."

"Multicultural society as a way of being-with-others needs a certain form of public reasoning. Unfortunately, the current yet dominant form of public reasoning is infiltrated by biases from occidental culture. This mode of reasoning does nothing but uproot participants from their cultural identity for the sake of universal consensus. Multicultural society, however, consists of identities which are embedded in the individuals? cultural tradition. This sociological fact demands a richer form of rationality that does not deny the multiplicity of cultural values and embedded identities. We need a form of public reasoning which emphasizes cultural understanding rather than abstract consensus. We might call it a multicultural, contextualized and other-regarding form of public reason."

"This article contributes to the discussion on how inter-ethnic relations challenge cultural boundaries, in this case Minangkabau matrilineal-Islamic culture in Padang of West Sumatra, Indonesia. This paper will focus on how Minangkabau people establish relationship with other ethnic groups in Padang, a multi-ethnic city. The paper argues that matrilineal principles (descent and inheritance through the maternal line) and Islam are the defining aspects to be considered by Minangkabau people in maintaining relationship with other ethnic groups. Moreover, there is some interplay between the need to protect Minangkabau Islamic-matrilineal adat in maintaining inter-ethnic relations by Minangkabau people and their assimilation and exclusivity interests."

"Multiculturalism in Indonesia is predominantly concerned with various regional cultures in the country, which continue to exist, and in some cases, to develop andprogress. These cultures meet and interact in the context of a unitary national, Indonesian culture. There are however people who or whose ancestors originate from outside Indonesia, the major ones being Chinese and Arabs. They brought with them the cultures and mores of their lands of origin and to varying degrees integrated them into those of the places they adopted as homes. This article discusses how the Chinese who opted for Indonesian citizenship and nationality, fared and fare in Indonesia?s multicultural society, what problems slowed themin their path, and what lies behind these problems."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas tentang negosiasi identitas yang dilakukan oleh musisi klasik di tengah gempuran budaya dominan dalam industri musik yakni musik populer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan paradigma konstruktivisme kritis dan ditempuh melalui analisis resepsi khalayak dari Stuart Hall. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa informan remaja yang berada pada posisi ldquo;pembacaan rdquo; negosiasi dan oposisi terhadap negosiasi identitas Isyana Sarasvati justru merupakan informan dari musisi klasik itu sendiri. Musik klasik sebagai budaya subordinat dalam penelitian ini pun pada arena tertentu menjadi musik yang dominan, sebaliknya musik populer juga pada arena tertentu menjadi musik subordinat. Sehingga, budaya dominan dan populer merupakan sesuatu yang relatif dan dapat saling bertukar tempat. Peneliti mengidentifikasi musisi seperti Isyana Sarasvati ini sebagai ldquo;musisi posmodern rdquo; di mana identitasnya cair, tidak tetap, parsial, dan terfragmen, serta bisa berada pada posisi dominan dan subordinat sekaligus.

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ABSTRACTThis research is discussing about identity negotiation of classical musician in the middle of dominant culture in music industries, which refers to popular music omnipresence. The research is conducted by using qualitative methods with critical constructivism approach and is undergone by Stuart Hall rsquo s 1980 reception analysis. The results show that youth informants who are in negotiated and oppositional ldquo reading rdquo positions surprisingly come from classical musician themselves. Classical music, which in this paper belongs to subordinate culture, in certain arena becomes dominant culture, and vice versa. Hence, what is defined by dominant and subordinate culture are interchangeably and contextual. This research is identifying some kind of ldquo Isyana Sarasvati rdquo musician as a ldquo postmodern musician rdquo , which has fluid, flexible, partial, unsecured, and fractured identities, also possibly become dominant and subordinate as well."

"On the basis of the theoretical notions of discursive ambience and ambientdiscourse, this article examines the recent history of language and ethnicity inBanyuwangi in the far east of Java. Over the last three decades (with roots goingback to the 1920s and earlier) a redefinition of the language and culture of the?autochthonous? inhabitants of Banyuwangi has been occurring. Their status andconstitution have been changing from a variety of Javanese into an autonomouslanguage and ethnicity, called, after the name given to the language or dialect,Osing. At the same time, an idyllic and heroic picture of the regional past isbeing constructed and maintained. Prominent among the factors and agenciesinvolved in these two ongoing processes is popular media culture. The regencyof Banyuwangi and especially its capital (also named Banyuwangi) are beingcast ? albeit sporadically and incidentally and sometimes controversially ? asan Osing region. At the centre of this historical process, people publicly renderthemselves ? also sporadically and temporarily ? Banyuwanginese by listeningto and especially by singing, in karaoke-style, a genre of pop music with Osinglyrics and musical characteristics perceived as local."

"TULISAN UTAMAKedatangan kaum imigran ke negara-negara Eropa termasuk Inggris dan berbagaipersoalan yang mengiringinya menjadi isu yang terus muncul dari masa ke masa.Tulisan yang mengangkat tema multikulturalisme dan identitas etnik ini diawalidengan pendapat penulis tentang pemikiran T.H. Marshall tentang persoalanintegrasi etnis minoritas di negara kesejahteraan (welfare state). Perubahan kultur sosialdan budaya negara asal, hubungan dengan budaya dan struktur sosial di wilayahtempat pertama kali berdiam dan di negara lain dalam migrasi berikutnya membuatkomunitas menjadi sebuah entitas yang dinamis. Penjelasan mengenai perkembanganhubungan antaretnik dan kebijakan tentang integrasi akan memperlihatkanbagaimana pemerintah dan parlemen di Inggris menangani persoalan integrasi kaumimigran ini. Serangan 11 September 2001 di Amerika Serikat turut mempengaruhiperubahan kebijakan tentang imigran. Persoalan imigrasi dan mullikuturalisme yangsangat kompleks menjadikannya isu yang penting dalam perpolitikan di Inggris."