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"The economic theory of general equilibrium underpins the most important models used in economic theory in general and in its more specialized areas such as macroeconomics, international trade, environmental economics, growth theory, and developmental economics. In Foundations of the Theory of General Equilibrium, leading academic scholar, Yves Balasko offers a good introduction to the economic theory of general equilibrium and makes use of various mathematical tools as intuitive and easy as possible. The second half of the book addresses properties of the general equilibrium model that are still at the frontier of current research. These properties deal with the characterization of economies with a unique equilibrium and, more generally, with the relationships between the number of equilibria and the fundamentals of an econom"

"[This advanced textbook aims at providing a simple but fully operational introduction to applied general equilibrium. General equilibrium is the backbone of modern economic analysis and as such generation after generation of economics students are introduced to it. As an analytical tool in economics, general equilibrium provides one of the most complete views of an economy since it incorporates all economic agents (households, firms, government, foreign sector) in an integrated way that is compatible with microtheory and microdata. The integration of theory and data handling is required for successful modeling but it requires a double ability that is not found in standard books. With this book we aim at filling the gap and provide advanced students with the required tools, from the building of consistent and applicable general equilibrium models to the interpretation of the results that ensue from the adoption of policies. The topics include: model design, model development, computer code examples, calibration and data adjustments, practical policy examples. , This advanced textbook aims at providing a simple but fully operational introduction to applied general equilibrium. General equilibrium is the backbone of modern economic analysis and as such generation after generation of economics students are introduced to it. As an analytical tool in economics, general equilibrium provides one of the most complete views of an economy since it incorporates all economic agents (households, firms, government, foreign sector) in an integrated way that is compatible with microtheory and microdata. The integration of theory and data handling is required for successful modeling but it requires a double ability that is not found in standard books. With this book we aim at filling the gap and provide advanced students with the required tools, from the building of consistent and applicable general equilibrium models to the interpretation of the results that ensue from the adoption of policies. The topics include: model design, model development, computer code examples, calibration and data adjustments, practical policy examples. ]"

"Perubahan (kenaikan) harga minyak internasional mempunyai dampak ekonomi yang besar pada negara pengimpor minyak ncto. Untuk melihat pengaruh perubahan harga minyak internasional pada perekonomian domestik maka diperlukan model yang mampu menangkap perilaku pelaku ekonomi yang mempunyai ekspektasi terhadap setiap perubahan. Sementara model makro ekonometri struktural tidak dapat digunakan untuk pembentukan kebijakan karena mengandung Lucas Critique. Disertasi ini menganalisis pengaruh perubahan harga minyak internasional pada variabel makroekonomi dan respon kebijakan moneter di Indonesia dengan menggunakan model Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium, Model makroekonomi ini adalah berdasarkan mikroekonomi dalam New Keynesian tradition. Model memasukan minyak untuk konsumsi rumah tangga dan faktor input dalam produksi, Parameter dalam model diestimasi melalui metode Bayesian dengan teknik simulasi Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). Metode ini mengkombinasikan prior information dan data historis. Parameter estimasi menunjukkan karakteristik perekonomian Indonesia. Perilaku rumah tangga dipengaruhi oleh cukup tingginya tingkat habit persistence dalam konsumsi, rendahnya clastisitas penawaran tenaga kerja, rendahnya elastisitas substitusi konsumsi produk minyak dan produk non-minyak, dan rendahnya elastisitas substitusi konsumsi barang-barang domestik dan barang-barang luar negeri. Produsen Iebih sering melakukan pengaturan harga ulang dibanding pengaturan kembali upah optimal dengan tingkat penyesuaian terhadap inflasi periode lalu untuk upah lebih besar daripada harga. Elastisitas substitusi tenaga kerja dan minyak dalam produksi dan elastisitas permintaan barang domestik kc luar negeri mempunyai nilai yang rendah. Selanjutnya, respon kebijakan moneter berupa interest rate reaction function (Taylor rule) menghasilkan parameter estimasi yang sesuai dengan Strategi kebijakan Bank Indonesia. Walaupun penelitian ini memiliki keterbatasan, model ini masih mampu memberikan simulasi impulse response untuk menjelaskan perilaku dinamis perekonomian dan menggambarkan mekanisme transmisi pengaruh perubahan harga minyak internasional di Indonesia.

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The change (increase) of intcmational oil price causes immense economic impact to net oil-importer countries. In order to observe the influence ofthe change of international oil price in domestic economy, it is necessary to use a model which can contain the behavior of the agents who have expectation to every change. However, the model of structural macro econometric cannot be applied to construct policy for thc reason that it contains Lucas Critique. This dissertation analyzes the influence of the change of international oil price to the variables macroeconomic and the response of the monetaiy policy in Indonesia, using the model of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium. This macroeconomic model is based on the microeconomic foundation in New Keynesian tradition, The model includes oil for household consumption and input factor in production, The parameter in the model is estimated by using Bayesian method with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation techniquc. This method combines prior information and historical data. Estimation parameter describes the characteristics of Indonesia's economy. The household behavior is affected by the moderately high level of habit persistence in consumption, the low elasticity of labor supply, the low elasticity of substitution between oil and non-oil consumption goods, and the low elasticity of substitution between domestic and Foreign consumption goods. Producers tend to instantaneously make pricing adjustment more fiequent than making wage re-optimizadon by way of amendment amount to the past inflation period for wage higher than price. The elasticity of substitution between labor and oil in production, and the elasticity of demands for domestic goods hom foreign countries are low. Subsequently, the response of the monetary policy in form of interest rate reaction function (Taylor rule) results the estimation parameter which is suitable to the policy strategy from Bank Indonesia. Despite the imperfection of this study, the model can still give impulse response simulation to explain dynamic behaviour of economy and to illustrate the transmission mechanism for the influence of the change of international oil price in Indonesia."

"Industri nasional mengalami perlambatan pertumbuhan dan rendahnya daya saing yang diduga disebabkan oleh harga gas bumi yang tinggi. Pemerintah melakukan intervensi pada harga gas bumi melalui Kebijakan Harga Gas Bumi Tertentu (HGBT) sebagaimana diatur pada Perpres No. 121 Tahun 2020 tentang Penetapan Harga Gas Bumi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak dari Kebijakan HGBT pada perekonomian nasional dengan mempertimbangkan penurunan penerimaan negara sebagai kompensasi atas turunnya harga gas bumi pada industri. Dengan menggunakan model CGE, analisis dilakukan pada berbagai indikator perekonomian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penurunan GDP dalam jangka pendek sebesar 0,076% dan kenaikan GDP dalam jangka panjang sebesar 0,004%.

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National industry is facing slowing growth and low competitiveness, which is thought to be caused by high natural gas prices. Government intervenes in natural gas prices through the Certain Natural Gas Price Policy or “Kebijakan HGBT” as regulated in Presidential Regulation No. 121 of 2020 concerning Natural Gas Price Determination. This study aims to analyze the impact of HGBT Policy on the national economy by considering the decline in state revenues as compensation for the decline in natural gas prices in the industry. Using CGE model, analysis is carried out on various economic indicators. The results of the analysis show that there is a decrease in GDP in the short term by 0.076% and an increase in GDP in the long term by 0.004%."

"Tulisan ini membahas pengaruh subsidi terhadap konsumsi beras, Dengan menggunakan model keseimbangan umum, rumah tangga dibagi ke dalam 10 kelompok menurut dampak kebijakan distribusi yang dilakukukan. Dalam analisa ditunjukkan bahwa model keseimbangan umum dengan nama WAYANG ini, dapat diketahui pengaruh kebijaksanaan yang ditempuh terhadap drstribusi (pemerataan) maitpun terhadap perekonomian secara keseluruhan. Di samping itu ditujukan pula pengaruh hubungan antara tingkat intervensi kebijaksanaan terhadap kesejahtraan."