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"In neo-classical framework, technology is defined in a static way. It is a product, a package, that is produced by one set of firms or other institutions and consumed or used by another. And as firms all operate on a given production function, their technological tasks is merely to choose whichever technology is most appropriate to their needs. The firms can shift their position on the production function effortlessly in response to change in economic circumstances. The evolutionary approach, on the other hand, views technology in a more dynamic way. The successful adoption of technology involves more than merely the purchase of machinery and the learning of operating procedures. This means that firms can not shift effortless along the production function, nor operate any particular technique immediately at optimal efficiency."

"This book illustrates a new quantitative risk analysis model for road tunnels that is capable of evaluating the role of infrastructure measures, equipment and management procedures as prescribed by EU Directive 2004/54/EC. The risk assessment draws on the typical F-N curves of societal risk, evaluated with the help of event tree analysis, vehicle queue formation dynamics, and users egress and tenability models. In addition, the model considers the reliability of the safety measures. The work provides essential guidance on the following aspects: how a quantitative model can be implemented to evaluate risk in road tunnels; how to build an event tree for the accident scenarios considered; how to simulate the vehicle queue formation; how to simulate the evolution of accident scenarios; and how to simulate the users egress. Given its scope and depth of coverage, the book will be of interest to all engineers whose work involves fire protection and safety in tunnels, all persons engaged in safety and transport engineering or risk analysis for road tunnels, as well as public and private bodies involved in the application of Directive 2004/54/EC."

"The use of composite materials with continuous fibers in the aircraft and aerospace industries requires a thorough knowledge of behaviors of these laminate composites under various loading conditions. Indeed, the aim of this work is to simulate linear and nonlinear behavior of a symmetric laminated composite under three-point bending tests. The modelization used is based on an analytical approximation that has been recently developed for isotropic materials. This approximation is still valid for the studied quasi-isotropic laminated composite because it is symmetric with a specific layer sequence. The overall response of laminate composite is determined from the behavior of each ply outside of their orthotropic axis. Two methods are used to calculate the equivalent longitudinal Young-modulus of the laminate. The result shows that when the deflection of the specimens is less than 2.5 times the thickness, the difference between the experimental and analytical curves is about 1% for the average global stresses method, and about 7.5% for the apparent bending modulus method. For large deflections, the difference relative to the first method remains less than 11% and the second method is about 20%."

"Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) memegang peranan penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia. E-commerce dapat memberikan keunggulan kompetitif bagi UMKM dan diproyeksi akan menjadi kontributor terbesar ekonomi digital Indonesia di tahun 2030, namun baru 22% UMKM Indonesia yang mengadopsi e-commerce. Penelitian ini menyelidiki faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi adopsi e-commerce pada UMKM Indonesia khususnya di industri ritel dan memilih strategi adopsi e-commerce terbaik dengan menggunakan model Decision-Makers, Technological, Organizational, and Environmental (DTOE) dan teori Diffusion of Innovation (DOI). Hasil diolah menggunakan metode Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) berbasis Analytic Network Process (ANP) untuk melihat pengaruh dan prioritas antar faktor. Strategi adopsi e-commerce direkomendasikan berdasarkan hasil penelitian menggunakan metode Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor Pengetahuan IT Pengambil Keputusan, Sikap Pengambil Keputusan Terhadap Inovasi dan Kompleksitas merupakan faktor penting dalam rangka adopsi teknologi e-commerce, sedangkan pengembangan atau pelatihan keterampilan Information Technology (IT) dan e-commerce merupakan prioritas strategi dalam rangka meningkatkan adopsi teknologi e-commerce di UMKM ritel.

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Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role to Indonesia’s economy. E-commerce can help MSMEs gain competitive advantage and is expected to be the largest contributor to Indonesia's digital economy by 2030, but only 22% of MSMEs in Indonesia have adopted e-commerce. The aim of this study is to investigate the criteria that influence e-commerce adoption in Indonesian MSMEs, particularly in the retail industry and select the best e-commerce adoption strategy using the Decision-Makers, Technological, Organizational, and Environmental (DTOE) model and the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory. The influence and priorities between criteria were calculated using the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) based Analytic Network Process (ANP) method, and an e-commerce adoption strategy was selected using the Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) method. The findings of this study indicate that Decision Maker’s IT Knowledge, Decision Maker's Attitude Towards Innovation, and Complexity are important criteria in the context of adopting e-commerce technology in retail MSMEs while the development or training of Information Technology (IT) and e-commerce skills was identified as the best strategy to increase adoption of e-commerce technology in retail MSMEs."

"This research paper presents a computational and analytical investigation of aerodynamic derivatives in an oscillating wedge. Unsteady hypersonic similitude has been apprehended for an oscillating wedge with an attached bow shock at a large incidence angle. The problems of instability and shock waves are generally associated with hypersonic flow and, therefore, it is imperative to evaluate aerodynamic models that can solve these problems. Lighthill’s piston theory is an unsteady aerodynamic model that is valid for an oscillating wedge with an attached shock wave. The analytical solution verifies that both the stiffness and the damping derivatives attain high values when the semi-vertex angle of the wedge is increased, while both derivatives assume lower values at increasing Mach numbers. Similarly, the pressure distribution over the wedge is evaluated to determine the details of how the developing flow cause the instabilities. Our study presents the contour plots of pressure, temperature, density, and Mach number that unravels the positions of flow separations in an oscillating wedge model"

"Material lignoselulosa adalah salah satu sumber energi terbarukan yang menjanjikan untuk energi dan produk kimia Bioetanol adalah termasuk biofuel yang memiliki keunggulan lebih ramah lingkungan dan menjaga ketersediaan minyak bumi Penelitian ini melakukan studi penggunaan model prediktif Analytical Semi Empirical Model ASEM dalam merepresentasikan tahapan biokonversi dari biomass lignoselulosa menjadi produk glukosa monosakarida yakni reaksi hidrolisis kimiawi yang diproses lebih lanjut akan menjadi bioetanol Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kondisi suhu optimum dalam aspek ekonomis dan kualitas melalui simulasi model ASEM Data eksperimen sekunder dari bahan mentah yang mengandung material lignoselulosa disimulasikan dengan perangkat lunak komputasi numerik menggunakan metode curve fitting Hasil dari simulasi untuk suhu optimum memproduksi produk dominan glukosa monosakarida berkisar antara 433 ndash 488 K Dengan akurasi nilai R2 yang mendekati 1 berkisar antara 0 8729 ndash 0 9978 dan SSE yang mendekati 0 berkisar antara 7 577 ndash 0 5574 bergantung pada bahan mentah yang digunakan dan jenis produk dominan yang diinginkan.

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Lignocellulosic materials are among the most promising renewable feedstocks for the production of energy and chemicals. Bioethanol is a major biofuelcan be produced from lignocellulosic materials and also advantages are environmental friendly and maintain availability of petroleoum. This researchstudy implementation the predictive Analytical Semi Empirical Model(ASEM) in representingglucose/monosaccharide whicha bioconversion stage from lignocellulosic materials to bioethanol, chemical hydrolysis/acid hydrolysis. This research aims optimum temperature condition each products through simulation producing glucose in higher economical and quality aspect by ASEM model simulation. Experimental secondary data of raw materials which contain lignoselluosic are simulated using Numerical Computation Software with curve fitting method. The result of the simulation, optimum temperature condition to produce glucose/monosaccharide is 433-488 K.With accuracy R2 value is 0,8729-0,9978 and SSE value is 7,577-0,5574 depend on raw material and desirable product."

"Untuk dapat terus memenuhi kebutuhan energi, dibutuhkan suatu usaha untuk mensubstitusi sumber energi fosil dengan sumber energi lain yang bersifat terbarukan dan ramah lingkungan. Renewable diesel dapat menjadi solusi bagi masalah yang dihadapi dunia saat ini, karena renewable diesel berbahan dasar nabati yang ramah lingkungan dan bersifat terbarukan. Selain penelitian dalam laboraturium, pembuatan simulasi dan modelling juga perlu untuk dilakukan agar dapat menganalisis proses reaksi sintesis renewable diesel lebih lanjut.Untuk itu Pada penelitian ini dilakukan modifikasi modifikasi persamaan model prediktif dengan metode Analytical Semi Empirical Model (ASEM) untuk menggambarkan produk hasil proses sintesis renewable diesel melalui hidrodeoksigenasi yang melibatkan variasi temperatur dan tekanan. Kondisi suhu optimum proses sintesis renewable diesel melalui metode hidrodeoksigenasi yang diperoleh dari hasil simulasi yaitu untuk bahan baku minyak kedelai dengan katalis CoMo pada suhu 374,8oC dan katalis Pd 312oC, untuk bahan baku rapeseed oil dengan katalis NiMo pada 340oC, untuk bahan baku minyak biji bunga matahari pada 435oC. Kemudian untuk simulasi tekanan yang optimum diperoleh hasil simulasi Sintesis renewable diesel melalui deoksigenasi katalitik minyak kedelai pada 7,8 bar dan Sintesis renewable diesel melalui deoksigenasi katalitik minyak nabati 60 bar.

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In order to continue to fulfill our energy needs, it takes an effort to substitute fossil energy sources with other energy sources that are renewable and environmentally friendly. Renewable diesel can be a solution to the problems facing the world today. Besides research in the laboratory, creating simulations and modeling also needs to be done in order to analyze the process of the synthesis reaction further renewable diesel.

In this research, a predictive model modification modifications equation with Semi-Empirical Analytical Model (ASEM) to describe the product of the synthesis of renewable diesel through hidrodeoksigenasi involving variations in temperature and pressure. The optimum temperature conditions through a process of synthesis methods hidrodeoksigenasi renewable diesel derived from the simulation results that for the soybean oil feedstock with CoMo catalyst at a temperature of 374.8 oC and 312 oC Pd catalyst, for the few oil feedstock with a catalyst Nimo at 340 oC, for the seed oil feedstock sunflower at 435 oC. Then the optimum pressure for the simulation of the simulation results obtained Synthesis renewable diesel via catalytic deoxygenation of soybean oil at 7.8 bar and a Synthesis renewable diesel via catalytic deoxygenation of vegetable oil 60 bar"