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"This paper is written in order to explain all about the act of issuing government bonds in Indonesia. It starts with the background, which was the collapse of many banks, then, the consequences of this act. The huge number of these bonds relative to all variables in economy such as MI, M2, and also GDP will make some problems in the future. It will burden the budget by worsening the deficit and also influence the allocation. Furthermore it has crowding out effect to the private sector. Another big problem is how to market these bonds. Facing the condition of capital market that still underdeveloped, it will be difficult to sale the bonds. At the last part of this paper, some suggestions that can be implemented in order to solve some of the problems are offered, especially-about the development of the capital market. "

"Tujuan desentralisasi fiskal di Indonesia adalah untuk mengurangi kesenjangan pembangunan. Terkait dengan pembangunan pendidikan, salah satu masalah krusial adalah kesenjangan akses. Menggunakan data dari 440 database kabupaten kota selama 2005-2009, studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak desentralisasi fiskal dalam mengurangi disparitas akses pendidikan dasar. Dengan menggunakan fixed-effect model, hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa Dana Alokasi Khusus (DAK) Pendidikan, DAK Non-Pendidikan, dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) memiliki dampak yang signikan dalam mengurangi disparitas akses pendidikan bersama dengan karakteristik kekayaan dan regional. Berbagai upaya tetap perlu dilakukan untuk mengoptimalkan pemerataan akses pendidikan termasuk penguatan peran pemerintah provinsi dalam alokasi dan distribusi sumber daya pelayanan pendidikan dasar.

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The objective of fiscal decentralization objective in Indonesia is to reduce development disparities. Regarding education development, one crucial issue is access disparity. Using 440 sub provincial database during 2005-2009, this study is aim to analyze the impact of fiscal decentralization in reducing disparity of primary education access. Using fixed-effect model, the result showed that Dana Alokasi Khusus (DAK) for Education, DAK Non Education, and Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) have significant impact in reducing education access disparity along with the wealth and regional characteristics. Nonetheless efforts need to be done to optimize the equalization of education access including strengthening the provincial government role in resources allocation and distribution of basic education services."

"Regional autonomy program is the form of fiscal decentralization policy in Indonesia, legally started with the law of Regional Government No.22/1999 about de-concentration azas, which imply power or authority sharing and No.25/1999 about decentralization, which imply financial sharing between central and regional government. Financial sharing is tax and natural resources sharing revenue. This financial sharing type can widen fiscal gap between regions. As the solution, the central government gives block grants. Interregional Input-Output (IRIO) model can be used to analyze the impact of fiscal decentralization policy on sectoral and regional linkages, multipliers, growth, equalization, and efficiency of the regional economy. The analysis use shock variables of inter-governmental transfer including tax sharing revenue, natural resources revenue and block grants. They are treated as an exogenous variable package by regional government expenditure. The expenditures are in the form of investment and consumption based on IRIO model to analyze the optimality of policy variation. The analysis shows that the optimality of growth, equalization, and economic efficiency will be reached if the allocation of inter-governmental transfer is exactly the same as the potency and linkages between sectors and regions. We find the current formulation of intergovernmental transfer by central government, potent to increase regional disparity. Central government should reformulate division of inter-governmental transfer to avoid fiscal decentralization to be contra productive policy."

"Over the last decade of Indonesia's fiscal decentralization era, the amount of intergovernmental fiscal transfers has increased substantially. The increase of intergovernmental fiscal transfers is expected to reduce the burden of local economy without sacrificing the quality of public service. This study aims to investigate whether the block grant transfer affect the spending behavior of local government. Using Pool Least Square method and taking East Kalimantan Province as case study, this study found the existance of flypaper effect. This finding emphasize the view of any increase in block grant of transfer will only induce higher spending. Therefore, in order to achieve the independency of local government as the objective of decentralization, some efforts should be taken to minimize the impact of flypaper effect."

"Global economic crisis has substantial impacts on organizations and families; consequently, many people become confused and many organizations collapse. Organizations and families discuss the issue and brainstorm to find some solutions to survive from this crisis. This paper explains the role of family and organization in finding solution to survive from this unfavorable situation. Organizations should be optimistic, analytic, and creative. They are encouraged to increase incomes but to decrease loans. Families can overcome the problem by having good financial planning, investing with good knowledge of self-risk profit and the characteristic of investment product."

"AbstractHaving data sample in 1987, 1995, and 2008, this research aims to analyze the impact of trade liberalization on technical efficiency of Indonesian manufacturing firms since deregulation in the 1980s. In addition, the research also analyzes the impact of other efficiency determinants coming from firm characteristics and market structure. Technical inefficiency score is estimated by using stochastic production frontier model, whereas the impact of efficiency determinants is analyzed by using Ordinary Least Squared model (OLS). For each year observed, liberalization has different impacts on technical efficiency. However, as liberalization continues, it has facilitated firms to produce towards their full technical efficient production-level.AbstrakDengan mengambil sampel tahun 1987, 1995, dan 2008, studi ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis dampak liberalisasi perdagangan terhadap efisiensi teknis perusahaan dalam industri manufaktur Indonesia sejak deregulasi pada tahun 1980-an. Selain itu, dianalisis pula pengaruh faktor determinan efisiensi lainnya yang berasal dari karakteristik internal perusahaan dan struktur industri. Nilai inefisiensi teknis diestimasi dengan model stochastic production frontier, sedangkan analisis pengaruh faktor determinan efisiensi teknis menggunakan model Ordinary Least Squared (OLS). Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa liberalisasi perdagangan memiliki dampak berbeda terhadap efisiensi teknis pada setiap tahun yang diamati. Namun, liberalisasi akhirnya dapat memfasilitasi perusahaan dalam meningkatkan performanya, melalui peningkatan nilai efisiensi teknis."

"AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the effect of fiscal policy in Indonesia based on a VAR approach. Fiscal policy shocks are identified as a structural residuals related to unexpected government expenditures and tax revenues. Impulse responses are then used to simulate the dynamic response of key macroeconomics variables of shocks. The analysis shows that GDP responses negatively to tax shocks, and positively to expenditure shock. Moreover, disposable income and private consumptionreact negatively to taxation and positively to government expenditures. Altogether the results are consistent with that of Keynesian models."

"AbstractTujuan utama studi ini adalah menganalisis dampak transfer pemerintah pusat kepada pemerintah daerahterhadap upaya pemungutan pajak kabupaten/kota selama periode 2005-2008. studi ini menggunakanpendekatan metode regresi untuk mendapatkan indeks upaya pemungutan pajak (local tax eort) sertametode regresi panel dalam menganalisis dampak dari transfer pemerintah pusat tersebut. Bukti empirismendukung bahwa secara umum transfer dari pemerintah pusat dalam bentuk dana perimbangan berelasipositif dengan indeks upaya pemungutan pajak lokal. Selanjutnya, analisis dengan menggunakan komponendana perimbangan menyatakan bahwa kenaikan transfer dalam bentuk block grants yaitu Dana AlokasiUmum (DAU) serta Dana Bagi Hasil (DBH) secara signikan mendorong pertumbuhan dari indeks upayapemungutan pajak lokal."

"Paper ini mencoba menemukan nilai optimal pinjaman dan komposisi nilai tukar untuk hutang luar negeri pemerintah Indonesia (Utang Luar Negeri Pemerintah/ULNP) selama periode 1983 sampai dengan 2000. Dengan menggunakan model konsumsi dua periode, ditemukan bahwa fluktuasi nilai tukar akan memberi dampak pada pinjaman optimal melalui term of trade (TOT). Sebelum periode krisis, hasil model menunjukkan jumlah pinjaman yang relatif kecil dibandingkan data aktualnya; sementara itu selama periode krisis ekonomi model justru menghasilkan nilai pinjaman yang besar sebagai dana ekstra untuk mempercepat proses pemulihan. Pola tersebut menunjukkan adanya proses 'smoothing' dalam pinjaman sehingga dapat menjaga 'solvency' dari UNLP. Model seianjutnya memprediksi komposisi mata uang yang dapat meminimumkan risiko yang ditimbulkan dari external shock seperti fluktuasi nilai tukar. Dengan menggunakan tiga mata uang utama, Dolar AS, Yen Jepang, dan DM Jerman, model ini menemukan dua faktor yang mempengaruhi komposisi tersebut. Pertama, semakin kuat koefesien korelasi dari suatu mata uang dengan effective cost of borrowing (biaya efektif peminjaman), semakin besar perminjaman akan mata uang tersebut untuk dijadikan pinjaman. Kedua, semakin besar apresiasi antara rupiah dengan mata uang partnernya, semakin besar permintaan untuk mata uang tersebut. "

"Penelitian ini memeriksa keterkaitan antara kualitas pelaporan keuangan daerah yang diproksikan dengan opini audit dan pengungkapan laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah (LKPD) kabupaten, serta tingkat korupsi di INdonesia. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif deskriptif dan menggunakan metode analisis is (konten) untuk mengolah data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelaporan laporan keuangan semakin meningkat yang ditunjukkan dengan membaiknya opini audit atas LKPD Kabupaten di Indonesia. Temuan kedua menunjukkan tidak terdapa kaitan antara pengungkapan laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah kabupaten dengan opini yang diberikan oleh BPK. Temuan ketiga memperlihatkan perkembangan kasus korupsi di Indonesia semakin bertambah. Temuan keempat, pengungkapan laporan keuangan daerah kabupaten dan opini audit memilki keterkaitan dengan tingkat korupsi di Indonesia."