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"It is quite often, wittingly or unwittingly, that people assume society, even the state, as person. They talk about society in a way as if it shares same attributes with human being: can be sick (as if it has body), can think (as if it has mind), can speak (as if it has mouth), for example. It is quite obvious that this gesture implies a view of society as an agglomeration of individuals. The problem arises around the legitimacy of this gesture: namely, to analogize the society as individuals always implies a logical leap. Things even get murkier when this gesture is applied even more to the way in which people recognize the state: as collectivities, as a ?big-person.? This gesture, which has methodological impact, is what the author call ?anthropomorphism analogy?. By doing what the author call psychogenealogy?a mixture of Lacanian psychoanalysis and Foucauldian genealogy, that is a way at seeing history as constituted by various contestation of materialization of desire?to the history of the modern state, namely, modern sovereign state, the author seeks to remedy this analogy with an objective account. The purpose is not to side with the analogy, but to prove that it is invalid not because it is scientifically inadequate, but that it is a true correspondence: state is person."

""Dengan tersedianya data etnografi suku-suku bangsa tersebut di atas, tahap awal daripemanfaatannya bagi Pembangunan Nasional dapat memperoleh momentumnya, meskipun dimensi, ciri-ciri khusus dan dinamikanya masing-masing masih harus diteliti dan diungkapkan. Pembangunan Nasional Indonesia melalui berbagai GBHN, Repelita dan RPJM, dan selanjutnya kelak RPJP, dilaksanakan meliputi seluruh penjuru Tanah Air Indonesia, baik Pembangunan Sektoral maupun Pembangunan Daerah. Pembangunan Nasional pada hakekatnya identik dengan Pembangunan Daerah, dalam artian Pembangunan Nasional dilaksanakan di daerah-daerah. Dalam era Otonomi Daerah saat ini, Pembangunan Daerah dalam rangka Pembangunan Nasional memperoleh ciri baru, yaitu Daerah Membangun untuk mengisi Pembangunan Nasional.""

"This article was written in response to a challenge put forth by two non-anthropologists over the role of anthropologists in Indonesian national development. The challenge was made by the late Dr. Y.B. Mangunwijaya (Kompas 24 January 1996) and Dr. Benjamin Lumenta (Kompas 29 January 1996). In fact, a response was given by Prof. Parsudi Suparlan (Kompas3 February 1996) and the author (Republika 2 May 1996). Also related to the matter is an article by Prof. S. Budhisantoso (Republika 24 May 1996).This article is an extension of the author's own article that appeared in Republika of May2, 1996. He finds that his ideas on the role of anthropologists in national development could not be covered adequately in the brief newspaper article, and requires an extended and serious discussion-even more so since the present articles touches upon the anthropological education system in Indonesia, specifically at the Department of Anthropology at the University of Indonesia. Thus, the article brings forth three main points, that is the role of anthropologists in Indonesia, the development of the anthropological education system in Indonesia, and Indonesian development."

"The decision of Supreme Court of Justice as the formal legal system should have been strongly applied to solve legal matters such as the problem of inheritance. Among the social life of Karo, a sub-ethnic group of the Batak of North Sumatera, the national legal system which should be applied to all citizens in Indonesia, has not yet been able to be fully accepted due to the discrepancies of the nature of legal system with the nature of cultural system of the people and their customary law."

"This writing is to parse the context of history from Antonio Gramsci?s thoughts regarding the concept of hegemony and positioning that approach in the realm of anthropological studies. The author wants to position Gramsci?s argument by outlining the opinions of the theory?s interpreters and explaining social and political context from the influences of Marxism and communism on Gramsci?s thinking. The fundamental concept of Gramschi?s thinking according to the auhor has influenced how post-1970s anthropology conceptualizes ideology, consent and hegemony as key issues that make the concept of culture become more operational in discussing matters of power."

"This article seeks to demonstrate the relevance of modern anthropological perspectives to the development of civil society in Indonesia. The concept of civil society has figured prominently in the political discourses taking place in Indonesia today. It has been largely interpreted as an intermediate sphere between the state and local communities, where the discourses on individual freedom as well as cultural and religious diversity can be effectively articulated without being co-opted by the state power, or being bogged down in communal conflicts. This paper argues that modern anthropological perspectives, centering on the idea of the development of polyphonic discourses on cultural identities, can offer a powerful conceptual tool to deconstruct the cultural essentialism perpetuated by the state power and social groups, thereby making a significant contribution to the development of civil society in Indonesia."

"In this article the author argues for the need to develop and use a new paradigm in examining the role of women. By considering the significant role women played in the recent economic crisis in Indonesia which has been neglected by various parties, including scholars, the author prefers strongly to use the paradigm 'critics' in the studies about women. She explains further the difference between this paradigm and the 'interpretive' and positivism' paradigms. The use of the new paradigm would enable the researcher to examine the relevant issues, carry out a participative approach, as well as change the disadvantaged situations and roles the women have."

"One of the characteristic of legal anthropology, according to the author, is the refusal law in its formal and absolute form. The Vollenhoven's thesis on the importance of studying law as it is rooted in the Indonesian society and culture can be regarded as the emergence of legal anthropology in Indonesia. Nevertheless, studies on law from anthropological viewpoint have just been intensified since 1970s. In describing the history of law and the position of legal anthropology in the legal history, the author reveals the main contribution of ideas from some law scientist. One among the ideas is the importance of analyzing the contents of law in recent context without precluding its historical dimension. The analysis on the history of law should constitute explanation on how events emerge and develop so as to provide better understanding on various rules, concept, and institutions of law at recent times. The legal anthropology provides us with such understanding on how certain laws emerge, develop, and change, since it analyzes law in its very "natural" context or as the manifestation of socio-cultural aspects of a society."

""Antropologi feminis dewasa ini merupakan perkembangan dari antropologi wanita di tahun 1970-an. Jika antropologi wanita subyeknya adalah perempuan, maka antropologi feminis subyeknya bukan saja perempuan, tapi juga laki-laki. Ini karena pokok pembicaraan dalam bidang ilmu ini tidak saja 'untuk perempuan' (for women), tetapi juga berbicara secara ekstensif 'tentang perempuan' (about women). Para antropolog feminis kontemporer menunjukkan, bahwa gender merupakan konsep analitik yang penting (McGee dan Warms 1996:392). Istilah ini popular digunakan pada tahun 1980an, dan banyak ditemukan dalam tulisan-tulisan antropolog sosial dan budaya, yang digunakan untuk merujuk pada hubungan perempuan dan laki-laki, serta bagaimana konstruksi dari kategori ini (Pine 1996:253).""

"This paper attempts to examine various aspects of urban space design to be considered for policy making. Based upon his personal experience in conducting research with anthropologists in traditional environment , the author suggest that architects and anthropologists can contribute considerably to overcoming urban problem...[...] urban spaces that are prone to riot and other mass acts of violence indicate problems in urban policy. In the past, the citizens' culture determined urban form; but large cities are marked by cultural diversity. Whereas urban space is a field studied by urban planners and architects, culture is focus of anthropologists, who have largely been excluded from the urban policy making process. As a result, policy makers determined urban form according to their own cultural biases, without considering the cultural tendencies of the citizens."